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What are nucleic acids?

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Terms in this set (26)

What are nucleic acids?

The genetic material of the cell, composed of recurring monomeric units called nucleotides

Components of each nucleotide?

- 5 carbon pentose sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base

Diagram of single nucleotide?

- Nitrogenous base
- Phosphate base
both attached to the central pentose sugar

Image: Diagram of single nucleotide?

Deoxyribo - Nucleic - Acid

- more stable double stranded form that stores the genetic blueprint for cells
- the sugar is Deoxyribose

Ribo-Nucleic-Acid

-is a more versatile single stranded form that transfers the genetic information for decoding
- the sugar is Ribose

Structure of DNA?

- double helix
- 2 strands that twist around each other
- each strand made of single units (nucleotide)
- has sugar phosphate backbone

(GATC)
guanine
adenine
thymine
cytosine

Double stranded

(GACU)
guanine
adenine
cytosine
uracil

Single stranded

Understanding of DNA?

- a double helix molecule
- made of 2 antiparallel strands
- of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonding
- between complementary base pairs

Organization of DNA?

- In order for bases to face each other and to pair
- strands must run in opposite directions (ANTI-PARALLEL)

Image: Organization of DNA?

What happens when the polynucleotide chain lengthens in DNA?

-the atoms that make up the molecule will arrange itself in optimal energy configuration.
- least resistance results in double stranded DNA, form double helix

How is a double helix formed?

The atomic arrangement of antiparallel
- results in double stranded DNA forming a double helix as it twists.

What is the bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases?

Hydrogen bonding between:

- 2 hydrogen bonds Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)
- 3 hydrogen bonds Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C)

What did Watson and Crick DNA model demonstrate?

- DNA strands are antiparallel and form a double helix
- DNA strands pair via complementary base pairing (A=T, C Ξ G)
- Outer edges of bases remain exposed

Why do the outer edges of bases remain exposed in the DNA?

Allow access to replicative and transcriptional proteins