Chapter 18: Political and Cultural Conflict in a Decade of Depression and War

Terms in this set (46)

Historian who argued that American institutions and values were created by the frontier experience

Frederick Jackson Turner

According to the ___ , the frontier had disappeared.

federal census of 1890

Acceptance of the Turner thesis and disappearance of the frontier raised concerns that

America would not be able to preserve its distinct character.

In 1893, the US opened to settlement _________

Unoccupied lands in Oklahoma

In the 1890s, the federal government encouraged the settlement and development of western lands with all the following programs:

1) Establishing the Division of Road Inquiries to study road building and sponsor pilot projects including concrete roads
2) providing forecasts for rainfall and temperature to farmers through the weather bureau
3) Establishing the Court of Privare Land Claims to resolve western land disputes.
4) Cataloging and classifying species of plants by the Division of Biological Survey

Appointed in 1898 as chief of the Division of Foresty, _____ made conservation of natural resources a national issue.

Gifford Pinchot

The founder of the Sierra Club and a leading figure among preservationists was ______

Several factors account for obsession with race in the 1890.

1) American efforts to colonize and explore the globe brought Americans face to face with other races and cultures
2) "New Immigration" raised concerns about conferring citizenship upon non-Anglos
3) Violence along the US-Mexican border and resistance of Indians to white authority
4) awareness of the closing of the frontier and the impact on America

The principle of racial segregation was upheld in the court case, ___________

Plessy vs Ferguson

In her newspaper, Free Speech, _____ condemned the practice of lynching and spotlighted the cast of three black businessmen who were lynched in Memphis in 1892 for little more than being sucessful.

In New Orleans in 1891, the lynching of 11 ______ drew no public outcry.

European Americans established boarding schools to assimilate and Americanize ____________

Native Americans

The leader of the Tuskegee Institute and advocate of vocational training for African Americans was ______

Booker T Washington

The African American leader who advocated higher education as a means of achieving equality was______

John D. Rockefeller used his wealth to establish ______

the University of Chicago

The physician who pioneered the study of the human subconscious was ______

The writer who explored psychological themes and the clash of culture was ________

In the Red Badge of Courage and his other novels, ________ explored the psychology of fear and self delusion

The linking of religious life and physical health in the Christian Scientist movement was founded by _______

Mary Baker Eddy

The economist and social critic who coined the term "conspicuous consumption" to describe expensive tastes of the ostentatious rich was _______

Thorstein Veblen

The third party that had a dramatic impact on politics in the 1890s was the ________

The Pension Act of 1890, which promoted pensions to nearly a million Civil War veterans was funded by the ___

Extremely high (protective) McKinley Tariff

The incumbent President Benjamin Harrison was defeated by _______

a) growing discontent over the tariff
b) resentment over his opposition to the coinage of silver
c) the presence of the reform-oriented Populist Party
D) simmering resentment on the part of the debtors

The Populist Party platform endorsed at its Omaha convention in 1892 included all of the following:

a) free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at a ration of 16 to 1.
b) a graduated income tax to redistribute wealth.
c) adoption of political reforms such as direct election of senators, recalls, and referenda.
d) government ownership of railroads, telegraphs, and telephone companies.

The Populist Party sought to build a coalition between the agrarian and labor interests by endorsing _____

the eight hour day

in 1894. ______ led a march on Washington D.C by thousands of unemployed men to demand relief from the federal government.

Jacob S. Coxey - Coxey's Army

President Cleveland justified the use of federal troops to break railroad worker's strike by arguing

the strike interfered with the delivery of the US Mail

The nominee for both the Democrats and the Populists in the 1896 Presidential Election was ________

William Jennings Bryan

William McKinely's victory in the 1896 Presidential election was organized by __________

The bi-racial political coalition that had brought the Populists to power in Grimes County was brought to an end by the __________

A murderous shootout by the White Man's Union and the Populist Sheriff Garrett Scott

Explanations as to why a powerful agrarian working class political combination never emerged included _____

1) employers manipulated racial, ethical, and religious prejudices among workers to keep them estranged
2) different kinds of jobs underwent different processes of mechanization and technological development, making intra-industry organization difficult
3) many American aspired to enter the affluent middle class and never associated with organized labor
4)job competitions remained fierce in all sectors of the work force.

In 1890, the two major women's suffrage associations merged under the leadership of _______

Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

The National Association of Colored Women fought for all the following:

a) an end to segregation
b) better medical care for mothers and children
c) an end to lynch mob violence
d) improvement to their local communities

Black and white women worked together in voluntary cause for _______

founded a black settlement house in Atlanta, GA in 1908

Lugenia Burns Hope

Name four women who were active in the sexual liberation movement:

1. Frances Wright
2. Victoria Woodhull
3. Emma Goldman
4. Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Americans saw new people beyond borders who represented a variety of opportunities including:

1. markets and consumers of American goods
2. producers of goods and resources needed for American industry
3. to spread democracy and virtues of Anglo race
4. objects of American benevolence

writer who argued that American world power could only be achieved with a powerful navy

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Pago Pago in the Samoan Islands was attained specifically for

an excellent harbor for the navy

Secretary of State and architect of enduring Latin American Policy

Victorians used __ to display possessions and wealth

battleship that exploded and sank in Havana harbor on Feb 15 1898

what did the sinking of the USS Maine begin?

the Spanish-American war

led insurrectionists who fought for Phillipine independence beginning January 1899

Emilio Aguinaldo

Congress established this in 1900

Committee on the Phillipines

who was the chair of the Committee of the Phillipines

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

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