Unit 3 Biology Review

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mitochondria
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Terms in this set (31)
mitochondria
An organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production, powerhouse of the cell
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
passive transport
Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to high concentration
phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with hydrophilic heads facing the outside and hydrophobic tails facing the inside.
Osmosis
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Endocytosis (Bulk Transport)
Substances engulfed (brought IN) by being enclosed in membranous vesicle.
Exocytosis (Bulk Transport)
Substances moved OUT of the cell using a vesicle
hypotonic solution
a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis (hippo)
isotonic solutionA solution in which the concentration of solutes is EQUAL to that of the cell placed in the solution.hypertonic solutiona solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis (raisins)ATP/ADP cycleATP (high energy) loses phosphate (energy released), creating ADP (low energy). Then, the ADP gains phosphate (energy gained), turning back into ATP. The cycle continues.Parts of an ATP moleculeadenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groupsaerobic respirationrequires oxygen, glycolysis to Krebs cycle to electron transport chainanaerobic respirationRespiration that does not require oxygen, aka fermentationGlycolysisfirst step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acidcellular respiration equationC6H12O6 + 6O2---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATPphotosynthesis equation6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2light reactionsset of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH (aka light-dependent reactions)Calvin cycleset of reactions in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar (aka light-independent reactions)ThylakoidA single disc inside the chloroplast that contains chlorophyll; site of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesisStromaThe fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; site of the Cavlin cycle/light-independent reactionreactants of the light reaction of photosynthesissunlight and waterproduct of the light reaction of photosynthesisOxygenreactant of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesiscarbon dioxideproduct of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesisglucoseMost of the ATP produced in aerobic cellular respiration comes from which process?Electron Transport Chainorder for aerobic cellular respiration1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. ETCprocess in cellular respiration that occurs with or without oxygenglycolysistwo types of anaerobic respirationalcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation