Hippocampus (associated w/memory)- brains "save" button
- new, explicit memories process here
- damage, disrupts formation & retrieval of memoriesFrontal Lope (associated w/memory)- Right and left orders different types of memories
- R: visual
- L: languageContext Dependent Memory (priming)context where you experienced somethingState (Mood) Dependent Memory (priming)mood similar to when it was
acquiredEncoding Failure (forgetting)never linked to the
memoryTrace Decay Theory (forgetting)(weakens)
over time in short-term
memory if it is not rehearsedDisplacement Theory (forgetting)- limited capacity
- new information takes the place of the old informationChildhood (Infantile) Amnesia (forgetting)before the age of 5Repression Amnesia (forgetting)blocking certain unpleasant memoriesSource Amnesia (forgetting)inability to remember the source of a memoryRetrograde Amnesia (forgetting)cannot remember something in their pastAnterograde Amnesia (forgetting)cannot long-term memoriesMemory Distortion (forgetting)memory might be affected, absorb the false detail into the accurate retrieval cuesProactive Interference (interference)old, prevents new information from being retrievedRetroactive interference (interference)new learning interferes with the
retrieval of old learningFalse Memory (eye-witness testimony)- memory distortion
- inaccurate recall of facts
- memory might be affect
- observe false detail into accurate retrieval cuesAlgorithm (solving problems)smaller systematic steps that guarantees a solutionHeuristics (solving problems)- "rule of thumb"
- making based on intuitionAnchoring Bias (Cognitive Biases)single piece of information, informdecision makingAvailability Heuristic (Cognitive Biases)readily available informationFixation (Cognitive Biases)inability to see, fresh point of viewFunctional Fixedness (Cognitive Biases)only in terms of their usual functionsConfirmation Bias (Cognitive Biases)confirms an existing beliefOverconfidence Bias (Cognitive Biases)too much faith in his or her opinion or abilitiesSelf-Serving Bias (Cognitive Biases)feel good about themselvesHindsight Bias (Cognitive Biases)see past events as predictableReliability (intelligence testing)accuracy, dependability, and consistencyValidity (intelligence testing)test measures what it was intended to measureContent Validityhas relevant and pertinent elementsConstruct Validitytest accurately measures what it was designed toCriterion Validity (Concurrent)- test correlated with the outcome
- ability of the test to estimate present performancePredicative Validityhow well a test predicts future performanceThe Normal Curvedescribes how a set of scores is spread out from the averageNeo-Natal Reflexes-Babinski -Moro -Grasping, Stepping, Rooting, Sucking,
Pursing
- Reflexes are crucial for infant survivalHarry Harlow's (monkey experiment)need for infants to bond and be secure with a mother figureSecure Attachment (Ainsworth's)- calmed down shortly
- relatively comfortable with othersInsecure: Avoidant (Ainsworth's)- "snubbed" their parent upon return
- May feel undeserving of their parents affectionInsecure: Resistant (Ainsworth's)- resisted comfort by crying or kicking
- May feel skeptical about trying new thingsInsecure: Disorganized (Ainsworth's)- showed signs of confusion
- Often feel confused, misunderstood, or become easily frustratedPermissive Parenting (Parenting Styles)- do not give much direction, discipline or structure
- warm and nurturing
- dependent, moody, and lacks self-controlAuthoritative Parenting (Parenting Styles)- firm, fair, and consistent
- Rationale for rules is explained
- has good social skills, is self-reliant- and independentAuthoritarian Parenting (Parenting Styles)- rigid, punitive, and expect obedience
- Rules are set without consulting the child
- unsociable and withdrawnUninvolved (Permissive) Parenting (Parenting Styles)- emotionally detached
- Little emotional warmth or communication
- indifferentSensorimotor Stage (Piaget)- Infancy
- physical actions and their senses
- object permanence- recognizing that objects exist even when removed from sightPreoperational Stage (Piaget)- Early Childhood
- Egocentrism- children are the center of their universe
- law of conservation When changing the appearance of an object, the basic properties do not changeConcrete Operations Stage (Piaget)- Middle Childhood
- think logically
- Thinks about what is tangible and real (not abstract)Formal Operations (Piaget)- Adolescence
- think abstractly
- moral or ethical consequences of behaviorCarol Gilligan's Moral Theoryboys and girls have divergent views of moral reasoningKnow Erikson's stages of psychosocial developmentn/a sorry :/
