A & P CNS Test

Dendrite
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Terms in this set (37)
Dendrite
-carries impulses to the cell body
-highly branched
-contains specialized sensory receptors
Axon
-carries impulses away from the cell body
-contains many branches (collaterals)
-coated with myelin sheath
-contains synaptic knobs
Astrocytes cells
transport substances from the blood to the nerve cell
Oliodendrocytes cells
form the myelin sheath
Microgial cells
eat foreign substances
Ependymal cells
produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Myelin sheath
pinches to form nodes of raniver
Synaptic transmission steps
1. synaptic knobs on presynaptic neuron release neurotransmitters
2. neurotransmitter travels along synaptic cleft
3. neurotransmitter bonds to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron
4. nerve impulse begins in the post-synaptic neuron
Meningies
1. dura mater (outermost membrane)
2. arachnoid mater (middle membrane)
3. pia mater (innermost membrane)
Newborn (primitive) reflexes
examples:
rooting- rubbing cheek—turn head and open mouth
gripping- grasp object in palm
stepping- "march" when head upright
Withdrawal reflexpull back from unpleasant stimuli ex. stepping on a legoDeep tendon stretch reflexpush back against perceived tendon stretch ex. knee jerk reflexCerebrum-largest part of the brain -composed of 2 hemispheres (connected by corpus callosum) -divides the brain into lobesFrontal lobe-planning -memory -decision making -emotional control -controls movementParietal lobe-proprioreception (location and identification of body parts) -sensory strip (tachy, temp, pain) -warnakes area (understand speech)Temporal lobe-hearing -facial recognitionOccipital lobe- visual center (sight and perception)Cerebellum-"little brain" -2 hemispheres - controls balance, coordinated movement, and muscle toneMidbrain-top section of the spinal cord -center for visual and auditory reflexes -coordinated eye movement -smooth motor movements -produces dopaminePons-swelling of spinal cord near bottom of the brain -relay center for stimuli entering the brain -controls level of arousal/awarenessMedulla oblongata-slight swelling at top of the spinal cord -breathing, swallowing, heart rateThalamus-relay center for sensory informationHypothalamus-maintains homeostasis -body temp/hunger/thirstMammillary bodies-specialized part of the hypothalamus -memory smell interaction/recognition memoryHippocampus-specialized part of hypothalamus -episodic memory and navigational memoryLimbic system-nerve fibers connecting thalamus and hypothalamus -center of emotionsPineal gland-releases hormones involved in sleep/wake cyclePituitary gland-releases growth hormonesBacterial Meningitis-most severe -symptoms: sore neck, headache, and aversion to light -treatment: antibioticsViral Meningitis-less severe -symptoms: flu-like -treatment: treat symptomsMultiple sclerosisdemyelination of the nervesEpiduralanesthetic delivered through a catheter to the epidural spaceSpinal tapneedle injected into the subarachnoid spaceALSamyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease)3 types of spinal bifida-myelomeningocele (bubble with spinal cord) -meningocele (bubble without spinal cord) -spina bifida occula (no bubble outside)2 types of strokes-ischemic (clog in artery) -hemorrhagic (blood vessel ruptures)FAST-signs of a stroke F- face drooping A- arm weakness S- speech difficulty T- time