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BIO 250

Terms in this set (95)

The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg.
a. 23
b. 160
c. 300
d. 590
ANS: B
p848
If a person were skiing high up in the mountains, she might feel that she is having trouble breathing (getting enough oxygen in her blood). This is because the:
a. thoracic cavity has a difficult time lowering the internal pressure below the lower
atmospheric pressure.
b. lower atmospheric pressure lowers the PO2 and the diffusion gradient between the
blood and the atmosphere is less.
c. lower atmospheric pressure lowers the PO2 and the diffusion gradient between the
blood and the atmosphere is greater.
d. physiological dead air space increases and atmospheric pressure decreases.
ANS: B
p849
Dalton law states that the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is _____ to the total pressure of the mixture.
a. inversely related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and
b. directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and
c. directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and inversely
related
d. inversely related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and directly
related
ANS: B
p848
Which of the following helps determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute?
a. The total functional surface area of the respiratory membrane
b. Alveolar ventilation
c. The oxygen pressure gradient between alveolar air and incoming pulmonary
blood
d. All of the above help determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood
each minute.
ANS: D
p849
By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood's hemoglobin has united with oxygen?
a. 55%
b. 63%
c. 82%
d. 97%
ANS: D
p852
One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen?
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 20%
d. 25%
ANS: C
852
Which of the following would have the greatest accelerating effect on the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin?
a. Increased PO2
b. Decreased PCO2
c. Decreased PO2 and decreased PCO2
d. Decreased PO2 and increased PCO2
ANS: D
p852
The major form by which carbon dioxide is transported in the circulatory system is:
a. in solution.
b. as bicarbonate ions.
c. as carbaminohemoglobin.
d. none of the above.
ANS: B
p854
Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood?
a. As oxyhemoglobin
b. Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
c. Dissolved in the plasma
d. All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood.
ANS: B
p852
Carbon dioxide is carried in three forms in the blood. Ranking them from greatest to least amount carried, the sequence would be:
a. dissolved in the plasma, carbaminohemoglobin, and bicarbonate ion.
b. carbaminohemoglobin, bicarbonate ion, and dissolved in plasma.
c. bicarbonate ion, dissolved in plasma, and carbaminohemoglobin.
d. bicarbonate ion, carbaminohemoglobin, and dissolved in plasma.
ANS: D
p852-854
The symbol HbNCOOH- is used for:
a. carbonic anhydrase.
b. carbaminohemoglobin.
c. the heme group.
d. the bicarbonate ion.
ANS: B
p853
The PCO2 in the atmosphere is:
a. less than in the alveolar air.
b. greater than in the alveolar air.
c. equal to the alveolar air.
d. greater than arterial blood.
ANS: A
p849
The PCO2 in alveolar air is _____ blood.
a. less than in the systemic venous
b. greater than in the systemic venous
c. equal to the systemic arterial
d. Both A and C are correct.
ANS: D
p849
A drop in the body's production of carbonic anhydrase would hinder the formation of:
a. carbonic acid.
b. oxyhemoglobin.
c. carbaminohemoglobin.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A
p854
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules?
a. One
b. Two
c. Four
d. Eight
ANS: C
p851
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many carbon dioxide molecules?
a. Two
b. Four
c. Eight
d. Hemoglobin cannot carry carbon dioxide molecules.
ANS: B
p851
If anything decreases alveolar PO2, how does that affect the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient?
a. Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to increase the alveolar-blood oxygen
pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to increase the amount of oxygen entering
the blood.
b. Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to decrease the alveolar-blood oxygen
pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering
the blood.
c. Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to increase the alveolar-blood
diffusion rate and, therefore, tends to increase the amount of oxygen entering the
blood.
d. Anything that decreases PO2 tends to increase arterial-blood PO2 and, therefore,
tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood.
ANS: B
p850
About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to:
a. bicarbonate ions.
b. hemoglobin.
c. carbaminohemoglobin.
d. chloride ions.
ANS: B
p852
Which of the following combinations in arterial blood could cause an increase in the respiratory rate?
...
A) Increased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, decreased pH, decreased PO2 B) Increased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, increased pH, decreased PO2 C) Decreased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, increased pH, increased PO2 D) Decreased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, decreased pH, decreased PO2
...
A) Increased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, decreased pH, decreased PO2
...
Which muscle is not used in quiet inspiration?
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A) Serratus anterior B) External intercostal muscles C) Diaphragm D) Neither A nor B
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A) Serratus anterior
...
Which muscle is used in quiet expiration?
...
A) Internal intercostals B) External intercostals C) Abdominal muscles D) None of the above
...
D) None of the above
...
Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood?
...
A) As oxyhemoglobin B) Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3 -) C) Dissolved in the plasma D) All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood.
...
B) Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
...
Which of the following will cause brief apnea?
...
A) Sudden painful stimulus B) Increase in carbon dioxide in the blood C) Sudden cold stimulus applied to the skin D) Both A and C
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D) Both A and C
...
The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the pre-inspiration volume is called:
...
A) compliance. B) elastic recoil. C) expiration. D) ventilation.
...
B) elastic recoil.
...
Carbon dioxide is carried in three forms in the blood. Ranking them from greatest to least amount carried, the sequence would be:
...
A) dissolved in the plasma, carbaminohemoglobin, and bicarbonate ion. B) carbaminohemoglobin, bicarbonate ion, and dissolved in plasma. C) bicarbonate ion, dissolved in plasma, and carbaminohemoglobin. D) bicarbonate ion, carbaminohemoglobin, and dissolved in plasma.
...
D) bicarbonate ion, carbaminohemoglobin, and dissolved in plasma.
...
The symbol HbNCOOH- is used for:
...
A) carbonic anhydrase. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) the heme group. D) the bicarbonate ion.
...
B) carbaminohemoglobin.
...
The PCO2 in the atmosphere is:
...
A) less than in the alveolar air. B) greater than in the alveolar air. C) equal to the alveolar air. D) greater than arterial blood.
...
A) less than in the alveolar air.
...
The PCO2 in alveolar air is _____ blood.
...
A) less than in the systemic venous B) greater than in the systemic venous C) equal to the systemic arterial D) Both A and C are correct.
...
D) Both A and C are correct.
...
A drop in the body's production of carbonic anhydrase would hinder the formation of:
...
A) carbonic acid. B) oxyhemoglobin. C) carbaminohemoglobin. D) All of the above are correct.
...
A) carbonic acid.
...
Which gas law deals with the solubility of gases in solution?
...
A) Dalton B) Henry C) Boyle D) Charles
...
B) Henry
...
Alveolar ventilation is inspired air minus:
...
A) anatomical dead air space. B) tidal volume. C) reserve volume. D) residual volume.
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A) anatomical dead air space.
...
The amount of air left in the lung after a normal expiration is called:
...
A) anatomical dead air space. B) physiological dead air space. C) functional residual capacity. D) vital capacity.
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C) functional residual capacity.
...
If the tidal volume were 600 ml, the alveolar ventilation would be about _____ ml.
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A) 550 B) 400 C) 300 D) 250
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B) 400
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Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules? A) One B) Two C) Four D) Eight
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C) Four
...
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many carbon dioxide molecules? A) Two B) Four C) Eight D) Hemoglobin cannot carry carbon dioxide molecules.
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B) Four
...
The inspiratory center is located in what part of the nervous system?
...
A) Pons B) Medulla C) Cerebellum D) Cerebrum
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B) Medulla
...
The apneustic center is located in what part of the nervous system?
...
A) Pons B) Medulla C) Cerebellum D) Cerebrum
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A) Pons
...
Internal respiration can be defined as:
...
A) the exchange of gases between the lung and the blood capillaries in the lung. B) pulmonary ventilation. C) the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissues cells. D) both A and B.
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C) the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissues cells.
...
External respiration can be defined as:
...
A) the exchange of gases between the lung and the blood capillaries in the lung. B) pulmonary ventilation. C) the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissue cells. D) both A and B.
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D) both A and B.
...
Which explains the relationship between the gas pressure gradient of the atmosphere and the alveolar air that allows inhalation?
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A) When atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure within the lung, air flows down this gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs.
...
Which explains the relationship between the gas pressure gradient of the atmosphere and the alveolar air that allows inhalation?
...
A) When atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure within the lung, air flows down this gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs.
...
Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise?
...
A) Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise, causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate.
...
Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise?
...
A) Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise, causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate.
...
If anything decreases alveolar PO2, how does that affect the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient?
...
B) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to decrease the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood.
...
If anything decreases alveolar PO2, how does that affect the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient?
...
B) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to decrease the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood.
...
Why would a collapsed right lung, due to a pneumothorax, also collapse the left lung?
...
A) The mediastinum is a mobile rather than a rigid partition between the two pleural sacs, thereby allowing the increased pressure in the side of the chest that is open to push the heart and other mediastinal structures toward the intact side, where they can exert pressure on the left lung.
...
Why would a collapsed right lung, due to a pneumothorax, also collapse the left lung?
...
A) The mediastinum is a mobile rather than a rigid partition between the two pleural sacs, thereby allowing the increased pressure in the side of the chest that is open to push the heart and other mediastinal structures toward the intact side, where they can exert pressure on the left lung.
...
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