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BIO-111 - Exam 2 VOCAB

Terms in this set (85)

Site of cellular respiration, all organisms have

Site of photosynthesis

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that have membrane-bound organelles and DNA that is enclosed within a nucleus

Contains the DNA in Eukaryotic cells

Organisms that are "typically" made up of more than one cell and have complex cellular structures that contain membrane-bound organelles

Relationship between two species where one organism lives within the cells of another organism

Endosymbiotic Theory

The idea that a primordial ancestor of all Eukaryotic cells engulfed what is now called Mitochondria forming a symbiotic relationship between the two and allowing for Eukaryotic cells to get more energy than they could alone, which in turn allowed them to diversify

A type of Eukaryotic life that is no longer a true kingdom, has extreme amounts of diversity, can vary in size and number of cells (some members are single-celled while others are as larger as 175ft long), reproduce via mitosis

Protophyta (Algae-like Protists)

Photosynthetic plant-like protists that behave similarly to plants

Protists that are animal-like, heterotrophic

Mold-like protists

Fungi like protists

The primary photosynthetic pigment of the algae-like protists, green in coloration, yet some may have some accessory pigments that can help absorb more varieties of the light spectrum

These are the phytoplankton, can be found in freshwater and marine environments, all are unicellular, yellow-brown in appearance, have cell walls of silica, has no visible means of moving but can still propel themselves

Dinoflagellates

A marine species of Protists that are microscopic and unicellular, can range from red-brown to yellow-brown in appearance, they are motile with two flagella, have a cell wall composed of cellulose

An algal bloom that is caused by very nutrient-rich water allowing for Dinoflagellates to multiply at a rapid rate, this is toxic if taken in large doses

A mostly fresh-water protist, microscopic, unicellular, bright green in color, no cell wall which makes them very flexible, is motile via two flagella, has a red eyespot which it uses to detect light

an organelle that is used to detect light, a proto eye

The largest group of algae protists, they are green in color, mostly found in freshwater, most are microscopic some are macroscopic (some false seaweeds), can range from being unicellular to multicellular (depends on the species), they have cell walls made of cellulose, and some are motile with two flagella

can not be seen with the naked eye

can be seen with the naked eye

A macroscopic marine "seaweed", they are multicellular, are red in coloration due to an accessory pigment that hides the chlorophyll, has a cell wall made of cellulose, are not normally motile

A marine protist, they make up kelp forests, they are macroscopic, multicellular, brown in color, cell walls of cellulose, not normally motile

Ecosystem engineer

An organism that creates an environment that becomes suitable for other organisms to inhabit

A Protozoan that can live in fresh and marine waters, they are motile move via pseudopodia, are free-living

also called false feet, allow for Protists and other single cellular organisms to move about, can also be used to engulf foodstuffs

A major component of zooplankton, the base of the marine food chain

an intestinal parasitic species that causes dysentery

Live in Fresh and Marine waters, can not change shape even though they do not have a cell wall, they are motile by cilia, those that don't move use cilia for gathering food, they are free-living, they are the most complex protozoan

Fine hair-like structures that surround the protozoa that can be used for movement or collection of food

Heterotrophic Flagellates

A protozoa protist that is very parasitic, moves via flagella

A non-motile very parasitic protozoan, has a very complex life cycle often involving two or more organisms

Mold-like protists (fungus-like protists)

behave very similarly to fungi, can be either single cellular or multicellular, are heterotrophic, produce spores inside of sporangia

A mold-like protist that grows in a single mass called plasmodium, its cells are muli nuclear, is a diploid mass, it ingests food via phagocytosis, they will produce spores via sporangia when environmental conditions deteriorate.

A mass of slime mold

A non-motile mold-like protist that lives in water, have cell walls composed of cellulose, are heterotrophic by absorption

The study of fungi

Heterotrophic by absorption

Digests food outside the organism's body then absorbs it into their body

Makes up the cell walls of fungi, as well as the exoskeleton in arthropods

Branching filaments with tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cell walls

Each part of the hyphae is separated, creating distinct divides for cells

Aseptate hyphae

Through the entirety of the hyphae, while there is a distinct cell wall on the outside the insides are intermixing

An interwoven mass of hyphae

Go through mitosis, growth from spores

The start of sexual reproduction in fungi, the fusion of the cell walls and cytoplasms of the + and - spores, creating a sexual reproduction structure.

When the nuclei of the two spores fuse into 1 diploid cell

The basic stage of life, were two elements combine and produce a diploid organism

mutualistic association between a fungus (ascomycete), green algae, or cyanobacteria

Mycorrhizae fungi

form a symbiotic relationship between the roots of plants

Chytridiomycota

The oldest and most primitive know phyla of fungi, has aseptate hyphae, this group is often confused with protist, the only group to have motile spores, found in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments

This group is most associated with molds, as aseptate hyphae, go through the haploid life cycle

Sac fungi, they have septated hyphae between cells

What we normally think of when we think of mushrooms, hey have septated hyphae, don't normally go through asexctual reproducetion

the Asexual reproductive structure in phyla Zygomycota, produce haploid spores

the sexual reproductive structure in phyla Zygomycota, protects zygote from harsh conditions

Conidiophores (conidia)

Produce haploid spores in Ascomycota

Microscopic fruiting body of Ascomycota

Sac-like structure contained in the ascocarp, site of meiosis producing haploid spores, for Ascomycota

The haploid spores that come off of the ascus, right after it has gone through meiosis

Microscopic fruiting body of Basidiomycota

club-like structures contained within basidiocarp, site of meiosis, Basidiomycota

The haploid spores that come off of the Basidia, right after it has gone through meiosis, Basidiomycota

Currently living

Alternations of generations

the organism grows when it is haploid as well when it is diploid.

a multicellular haploid organ that produces gametes, the adult structure in nonvascular plants

produce spores through the process of meiosis, the adult structure in vascular plants

modified leaves that bear grouped sporangia

"the female gametophyte" produce eggs

"the male gametophyte" produces sperm

The liquid molecules

The solid molecules

The movement of particles through a medium, trying to achieve equilibrium

The movement of water through a system, flowing from higher concentration to lower concentrations

Isotonic solution

Solvent = Solute

Hypertonic solution

Solvent < Solute

Hypotonic solution

Solvent > Solute

Pioneer species

Start the transition of non-habitable land into an environment that can support a greater degree of biodiversity

Microphyll leaves

leaves with only a single vein

Megaphyll leaves

leaves with multiple branching veins

(microsporophyll) produce pollen

(megasporophyll) produce seeds

Pollination syndrome

A collection of traits that plants have evolved to spread their seeds in more efficient manors

Verified questions

physics

(II) What is the linear speed, due to the Earth's rotation, of a point $(b)$ on the Arctic Circle (latitude $\left.66.5^{\circ} \text{N}\right)$

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physics

Show that any cyclic group is Abelian. Hint: Does a matrix commute with itself?

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biology

For each of the following mutations, is it a transition, transversion, addition, or deletion? The original DNA strand is\ 5'-GGACTAGATAC-3'\ (Note: Only the coding DNA strand is shown.)\ A. 5'-GAACTAGATAC $-3^{\prime}$\ B. 5'-GGACTAGAGAC-3'\ C. 5'-GGACTAGTAC $-3^{\prime}$\ D. 5'-GGAGTAGATAC $-3^{\prime}$

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physics

Use Ampere's law to show that the magnetic field inside a long solenoid is $B = \mu _ { 0 } n I$. Assume that the field inside the solenoid is uniform and parallel to the axis and that the field outside is zero. Choose a rectangular path for Ampere's law. (a) Write down $B _ { \| } \Delta l$ for each of the four sides of the path, in terms of B, a (the short side), and b (the long side). (b) Sum these to form the circulation. (c) Now, to find the current cutting through the path: each loop carries the same current I, and some number N of loops cut through the pat, so the total current is NI. Rewrite N in terms of the number of turns per unit length (n) and the physical dimensions of the path. (d) Solve for B.

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