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Final

Terms in this set (163)

When making operational assignments, the Incident Commander
should only assign a crew to fire attack if enough personnel are present
Research shows that the safest way for firefighters to attack a fire is
with the wind at their backs
Everyone at an emergency scene should follow to basic communication rules: the sender should identify themselves in every transmission and the receiver should:
acknowledge the message
Command should never be transferred to:
someone who is not on scene
What action should you take if you are leading the attack line crew and you discover a person in need of rescue?
Communicate this to the IC and/or rescue crew
The size and location of a fire may be indicated by
Flames that are visible from outside the structure
Because postincident reports are public legal documents
there may be legal consequences if they are incomplete or incorrect
After conducting a risk-benefit analysis, you should select an offensive strategy when:
lives or property are savable
As part of size up, what information should a firefighter consider while en route to an incident?
Weather conditions and their potential effects on fire behavior?
All recorded transmissions become part of the official record on an incident and may be made public under open records laws or ____ requests
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
When a transition is made from an offensive interior strategy to a defensive strategy and crews must withdraw from the interior, they should:
Use the hoseline to protect themselves and guide their withdrawal
To establish command, a firefigther should:
make initial assignments to available resources
A difference in pressure inside and outside a compartment causes:
air and smoke flow
What information should be included in the arrival report?
First impression of hazardous conditions at the scence
Remote areas or locations inside structures that cause the loss of cellular telephone service or radio signals are known as
dead zones
The use of plain English in radio communications transmissions and avoidance of 10 codes is known as using
clear text
Which statement describes risk assessment
a risk assessment is conducted initially and then is ongoing throughout the incident
When the first firefighter arrives on scene, he or she should
act as the incident commander and establish command
Why is it important that incident reports are accurate and complete?
They are legal documents
The most important variable when choosing an appropriate hoseline is
flow rate
Before entering the structure to conduct fire attack, the crew should:
ensure they have the required forcible entry and communication equipment
Which is a radio communications best practice?
Do not transmit until the frequency is clear
The national fire incident reporting system (NFIRS)
outlines the information needed to complete incident reports
Which type of operational strategy involves keeping personnel outside of the IDLH environment
Defensive
When dealing with an electrical emergency involving a downed power line
establish an exclusion zone equal to 1 1/2 times the distance between power poles in all directions away from the line
Who is the contact person for nonemergency calls?
Public Information Officer
Which type of telecommunications system is the central location that takes all emergency calls and routes the call accordingly?
Public Safety Answering Point
What other information is needed to be gathered from a caller when processing an emergency call?
Type of emergency, location, number and location of people involved, name and location of caller, and caller's call back number
When is life safety directions given to callers?
When they are in immediate danger
What is mobile data terminal (MDT):
a mobile computer that communicates with other computers on a radio system and is used to relay emergency information
How do small communities and industrial facilities receive alert of an emergency
By sirens, whistles, and air horns located on top of water towers, radio tower, and on top of a tall building.
What information is needed to be broadcasted to the department?
units assigned, type of emergency, address or location, dispatch time, current conditions (wind direction/speed and road closures), and units substituted into the normal assignment.
How do fire departments use radios:
alert units of an emergency, coordinate tactics at the emergency, request additional resources and monitor the activities of units and individuals.
Base station radios are
radios used in fixed locations such as fire stations, telecommunications centers, training centers or administration offices
What radio provides better performance than mobile and portable radios due to their powerful transmitters?
Base station radios
What is a dead zone?
are remote areas or locations inside structures that case the loss of cellular telephone service or radio signals.
What can help eliminate deadzones within a building?
Repeaters
What can cause interference with radio signals?
powerful radio signals, electric motors, computers, cellular telephone towers or transmitters, vehicle ignitions, high voltage transmission lines, equipment that contain microprocessors, high power radio sites
What are ways to overcome ambient noise?
turn off apparatus audible warning devices, move away from noise emitting equipment when transmitting, follow radio procedures at all times, move to a location that blocks wind noise, use your body or PPE to create a wind barrier
What is Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
public records of recorded transmissions between personnel on an incident
What are the two basic communication rules that everyone on an emergency scene must follow?
Units or individuals must identify themselves in every transmission and receiver needs to acknowledge the message.
What are some radio communications best practice?
Know what you are saying, use a moderate rate of speaking, do not use pauses, use moderate expression, avoid excitement or shouting, attempt to pronounce words correctly, finish every comment, avoid slang, do not chew gum, be confident
What do fire fighters have to work on after fire is under control:
overhaul, property conservation and scene preservation
What does loss control mean?
it describes the activities performed before, during, and after a fire has been extinguished to minimize losses to property.
What are the two types of damages from a structure fire?
1. Fire and smoke causes primary damage
2. Fire suppression: forcible entry, ventilation and extinguishment
3. Damage caused by weather and vandalism
What activities are included in overhaul?
searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining fire, placing the building and its contents in a safe condition, determining the cause of the fire, recognizing and preserving evidence of arson
What is the goal of overhaul?
to make the building and its contents, and the fire area safe and habitable
Pike poles and plaster hooks
open ceilings to inspect for fire extension
Axes are used for
open walls and floors
Prying tools
remove door frames, window frames and baseboards
Power saws, drills and screwdrivers
install temporary doors and window coverings
Carryalls, buckets and tubs
carry debris or provide a basin for immersing smoldering material
Shovels, bale hooks, and pitchforks
move baled or loose materials
Thermal imager (TI)
Check void spaces and look for hot spots
Why is it important to check couplings during overhaul?
To monitor for leakage and to prevent further water damage
What are two important factors that affect the condition of a building?
intensity of the fire and the amount of water used to control the fire
Fire intensity determines
how greatly the structural members have been weakened
The amount of water used determines
the additional weight placed on floors and walls due to the absorbent properties of the building contents
How can firefighter detect hidden fires?
By sight, touch, sound or electronic sensors
how to detect hidden fires by sight?
look for discoloration of materials, peeling paint, smoke emissions from cracks, cracked plaster, rippled wallpaper and burned areas
How to detect hidden fires by touch?
heat felt through walls and floors
How to detect hidden fires by sound?
Popping or cracking of fire burning or hissing of steam
How to detect hidden fires through electronic senses?
Thermal heat signature and infrared heat detection
Where does overhaul begin?
in the area of the most severe fire involvement
How to locate fire extension into the wall
inspect openings: electrical receptacle, electrical switches, return air ducts, heating vents, telephone connections, and cable connections
What rooms contain ventilation fans, pipes, ducts and other passages that permit fire to extend?
kitchens, bathrooms, and utility rooms
What type of foam would you use to extinguish hidden fires?
Wetting agents; Class A Foam
What is property conservation?
Salvage; the attempt to save property and reduce further damage from water, smoke, heat, and exposure during or immediately after a fire.
Which safety measure should be in a place during overhaul
gloves protect us from cuts
Which would be classified as an incendiary fire?
setting a business on fire to collect insurance money
Which activity is included in overhaul ops?
Searching for hidden fires
Lightening striking a tree and setting it on fire would be an example of a _____ fire
natural
If deceased victims are encountered during the course of an incident or during the investigation
The victim should be left undisturbed and treated as evidence
Which condition should be noted because it may be a potential sign of arson?
There is a car blocking access to the hydrant
Which is an indicator of a possible hidden fire?
Smoke coming through cracks in the all
For what purpose are wooden wedges designed to be used during salvage ops?
Stop the flow of water from an activated sprinkler
At a fire scene, FF's should not
share their opinions of the probable fire cause with media or bystanders
The general location where the fire began is known as the
area of origin
In order for the investigators to determine the cause of the fire, ff's should take note of
abnormal fire behavior when water is applied
What is the purpose of salvage ops?
reduce potential for water and smoke damage after a fire
Evidence preservation is the responsibility of
all ffs on scene
The balloon throw is used when
two ffs are deploying a large salvage cover
Which is an indicator that a fire was not accidental?
trailers
Which tools are used to open walls and floors during overhaul?
axe
What must be present in order to determine fire cause?
ignition sequence
Which statement describes inspection of salvage covers?
Salvage covers should be inspected for damage after they are dry
Which is an example of evidence spoilation?
Altering evidence that an insurance investigator cannot document it
Why is it important to determine the cause of fire?
so that unsafe behavior that caused the fire can be corrected through educational programs for the public
What are the chutes designed to do?
Drain water runoff out a window or door
Which is the most obvious sign of fire cause?
Competent ignition
If someone falls asleep while smoking in bed and their house catches on fire, that would be an example of _____ fire.
accidental
Why is gross decontamination after overhaul important?
Contaminated PPE can lead to carcinogens being absorbed through the skin
When a large smoldering item, such as a mattress is encountered during overhaul, it is often most effective to extinguish it by
taking it outside
What piece of equipment is used to prevent pressurized hose from dangerously whipping back and forth if it ruptures?
Hose test gate valve
All gas powered or diesel-powered equipment should be started and operated
in a well ventilated area
When conducting a fire and life safety presentation, ffs should
Speak clearly and loud enough so audience members can hear
When would a fire hose service test be performed?
after a vehicle has run over the hose
Which type of smoke detector detects particles and aerosols produced during a fire that are too small to be seen by the naked eye?
ionization smoke detectors
When presenting to young children, it is ideal to
keep the presentation short and interesting
Having a lesson plan for a fire and life safety presentation is important because it
provides a road map for a variety of people to teach the lesson and ensure that all topics are covered
Which device detects light in the ultraviolet and infrared spectrums in order to alert occupants to fires?
Flame detectors
Fire and life safety programs are important because they
help maintain positive relations with the public
Fire and life safety presentations will be more successful if
the presenter knows the topic well and anticipates questions
The water supple for sprinkler systems
is often designed to supply only a portion of the sprinklers
Residential fire and life safety surveys should be conducted
in teams of two or more
When inspecting and maintaining a portable generator, the generator can be damaged if
it is run for a long time without a load
The primary focus of fire and life safety presentations is to
provide the public with information about risk reduction
What is an indicator that a fire hose should be removed from service?
couplings loosening from the hose
What is a guideline for conducting a fire and life safety survey in residential homes?
offer constructive solutions to correcting or eliminating hazards
What PPE should all personnel operating in the area of a pressurized hose be wearing?
helmet
Which type of sprinkler mechanism activates the sprinkler after the solder inside melts and releases the valve cap?
chemical pellet
When testing fire hose, it is important to
close valve slowly to prevent water hammer
Why should test lengths of hose not exceed 300 feet in length?
it is difficult to purge hose from longer lengths of hose
A ______ sprinkler system contains water under pressure in the piping and is used in locations where temps remain above 40 degrees
wet pipe
Which condition should be pointed out to occupants during a fire safety survey?
non working smoke detectors
Why should presentations be developed around learning objectives?
they provide goals or purpose for the lesson
If a hose is found to have a leak during service testing, it
should be removed from service
When inspecting and maintaining powered rescue tools, it is important to
check all fluid levels and ensure that batteries are fully charged
What type of check valve is installed in the riser of an automatic sprinkler system that transmit a water flow alarm when the water flow in the system lifts the valve clapper
Alarm Check Valve
What alarm system component transmits a signal when a change occurs; change may be the result of an action such as the activation of a manual fire alarm box, products of combustion or automatic activation of a supervisory switch
Alarm initiating device
A system of water pipes, discharge nozzles, and control valves designed to activate during fires by automatically discharging enough water to control or extinguish a fire.
Automatic Sprinkler System
A system that functions through a constantly attended location operated by an alarm company. Signals are then retransmitted to the fire department alarm telecommunications center
Central Station Alarm System
What is the automatic valve that permits liquid flow in only one direction?
Check valve
A pipe connecting the feed main to the branch lines on which the sprinklers are located is called?
Cross main
The part of the sprinkler assembly that creates the discharge pattern of the water
deflector
The fire suppression system that consists of piping and open sprinklers. This fire detection system is used to activate the water or foam control valve. When activated, the extinguishing agent expels from all sprinkler heads in the designated area.
Deluge Sprinkler System
What is the automatic valve used to control water to a deluge sprinkler system?
Deluge Valve
A fire suppression system that consists of closed sprinklers attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure. When activated, air pressure is released which activates the water or foam control valve and filling the pipping with an extinguishing agent (installed in areas that are freezing)
Dry pipe sprinkler system
The pipe connecting the sprinkler system riser to the cross mains; these cross mains directly service a number of branch lines on which the sprinklers are installed
Feed main
What detectors activate when the temperature in a monitored area reaches predetermined thresholds?
heat detectors
What systems may reduce smoke inhalation injuries and fatalities and property damage?
Smoke management system
Which sprinkler orientation is used in dry systems and designed to deflect the spray of water downward in a hemispherical pattern?
Upright orientation
Which alarm system sends a signal to the FACP, and all of the alarm signaling devices operate simultaneously?
Noncoded
Which alarm system helps responders identify the general location of alarm device?
Zoned/annunciated
Smoke control barriers with sufficient fire endurance to protect against fire spread (fire stops, door gaskets, drop seals, stair and elevator vestibules
Passive system
Smoke control system that uses mechanical fans and ventilation to create a pressure difference across a barrier such as a wall
Pressurization systems
A standpipe that provides 2 1/2 inch hose connections or hose stations attached to the riser is called?
Class I
A standpipe referred to as house lines and is equipped with 1 1/2 inch hose and nozzle.
Class 2
Which smoke detector works well on all types of fires and usually responds more quickly to smoldering fires? (Visible products of combustion)
Photoelectric smoke detectors
These smoke detectors detect particles and aerosols produced during combustion that are too small to be seen
Ionization smoke detectors
Where are flame detectors normally located?
in areas of other light sources bc bright lights can initiate false activations.
Detectors that are insensitive to sunlight (no arc welding or intense mercury vapors lames are used
Light in the ultraviolet wave spectrum (UV)
Smoke detectors that are installed in enclosed areas due to sensitivity to sunlight
Light in the infrared wave spectrum (IR)
Which supervising station system protects large commercial and industrial buildings, high rise structures and is wired into a common receiving point operated by the facility owner
Proprietary alarm systems
Supervising station system that is monitored by contracted services at a receiving point; employees then relay information to local emergency services and occupancy representatives
Central station alarm systems
Supervising system connected directly to the emergency services telecommunications center usually over a telephone line or dedicated radio frequency.
Remote receiving systems
Which sprinkler has a deflector that breaks the patter of water into a circular pattern of small water droplets and directs the water downward?
Pendant
A sprinkler that is installed on a wall and is most useful in corridors, offices, hotel rooms an residential occupancies
Side wall deflectors
Sprinkler deflector that is hidden and is exposed when it is introduced to a certain level of heat
Concealed
A heat source that has sufficient temperature energy, and duration of contact with the fuel to raise the fuel's temperature to it's ignition temperature
Competent ignition source
The material that was first ignited (competent ignition source) and the action that brought the two together is?
Ignition sequence
Competent Ignition Source must have:
sufficient temperature to ignite the first material, heat energy transfer to result in the ignition of the first material, and time to transfer the required heat to the first material
Solid fuels ignition source must have
enough energy over a period of time to cause pyrolysis of the fuel and ignite the resulting flammable vapors
Liquid fuels require a
heat source that has sufficient energy to cause the liquid to change from liquid to vapor
Gaseous fuels require
the least amount of energy for ignition.
______ ________ is composed of facts to which a person can attest without further support. It is found through the five physical senses.
Direct Evidence
_______ ________ supports an inference formed from direct evidence.
Circumstantial Evidence
The back up hoseline performs three critical functions:
Protecting the attack hoseline team, protecting the means of egress for the attack hoseline team, and providing additional fire suppression capability in the event that the fire increases in volume.
Which hose appliance is useful when one attack line has been laid, but two are needed to implement a plan?
WYE
Which hose appliance is useful when the hydrant doesnt have a large diameter connection and allows for two, 2 1/2 inch connections from the hydrant into one LDH?
Siamese
Which hose appliance is useful when more than one attachment needs to be made available to the same hydrant; allows a second hose to connect to the hydrant without turning off the hydrant?
Gate
Which hose line is useful when a smaller line is needed but a larger line is still in service?
Water Thief
Which hoseline is useful when needed to distribute multiple attack lines directly from the hydrant?
LDH
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