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Foundations Review Questions Exam 2

Terms in this set (56)

Who wrote a paper on memory drum theory, which was perhaps the first major theoretical or landmark study from the discipline of kinesiology?

a. George Stelmach
b. Robert Singer
c. Franklin Henry
d. Richard Schmidt
c. Franklin Henry
Which experimental design used in motor behavior research compares two or more groups exposed to different interventions but tests them using the same task?

a. Between-group design
b. Within-group design
c. Descriptive design
d. Dual design
a. Between-group design
All of the following examine learning (rather than performance) EXCEPT

a. A test of accuracy immediately after practice for accuracy
b. Analysis of a football game after 2 weeks of intrasquad practice
c. Measuring reaction time (RT) after 2 days without practice on the RT task
d. A comprehensive final exam
a. A test of accuracy immediately after practice for accuracy
Boys and girls are similar in motor skill performance during childhood EXCEPT in which of the following skills (in which the sex difference is substantial)?
a. Running
b. Catching
c. Throwing
d. Jumping
c. Throwing
Knowledge of results focuses on ____________, whereas knowledge of performance focuses on ___________.

a. Outcome; Practice
b. The process and nature of movement; Outcome
c. Reaction time; Learning
d. Outcome; Process of movement
d. Outcome; Process of movement
Motor behavior research is closely related to biomechanics.

a. True
b. False
a. True
This time period is considered one of the greatest eras of interest in motor behavior.

a. The Vietnam War (1959-1975)
b. World War II (1939-1945)
c. The Golden Age of Sports (1920s)
d. The Cold War (1940-1990s)
b. World War II (1939-1945)
The focus of motor behavior research today includes

a. Shattering the myth that motor control diminishes with age
b. Cognition and memory
c. Elite performance
d. Potential treatments for disease and injury, including Parkinson's disease
d. Potential treatments for disease and injury, including Parkinson's disease
Which of the following is most critical in helping students develop skills?

a. Maturity
b. Specific Feedback
c. Ample appropriate practice opportunities
d. Adequate instruction
c. Ample appropriate practice opportunities
While his players are working out, a coach notices a mistake in an athlete's form. The coach tells the player what might work better and how to do it. What type of feedback is the coach giving the player?

a. Intrinsic
b. Extrinsic
c. Frequent
d. Expert
b. Extrinsic
After Tommy slid into home plate, he heard the umpire yell, "Safe!" What type of knowledge was expressed by the umpire?

a. Knowledge of performance (KP) and Intrinsic feedback
b. Knowledge of performance (KP) and Extrinsic feedback
c. Knowledge of results (KR) and Intrinsic feedback
d. Knowledge of results (KR) and Extrinsic feedback
d. Knowledge of results (KR) and Extrinsic feedback
What are some environmental conditions that might affect learning in sport?

a. Feedback, Practice, Transfer
b. Skill, Practice, Performance
c. Fatigue, Practice, Performance
d. Retention, Skill, Transfer
a. Feedback, Practice, Transfer
What is NOT true about motor behavior research?

a. The past half century has added instruments such as high-speed imaging and electromyography (EMG) that can better control the testing situation and precisely record and analyze movements.
b. Noninvasive electronic measurement technologies have allowed the study of real-world movements instead of simple movement tasks.
c. University motor behavior courses don't make use of laboratory experiences because there is no need for them anymore.
d. Motor behavior researchers have developed techniques for measuring movement speed and accuracy.
c. University motor behavior courses don't make use of laboratory experiences because there is no need for them anymore.
Which of the following was NOT a significant event that marked the 1970s as the decade in which sport psychology became established as a legitimate subdiscipline in the study of physical activity?

a. The systematic study of competitive anxiety began.
b. A journal focusing on sport psychology was developed.
c. Coleman Griffith began his research at the University of Illinois.
d. Graduate programs were created.
c. Coleman Griffith began his research at the University of Illinois.
Describe the optimal level of arousal according to drive theory.
As Arousal increases, Performance Increases
Describe the optimal level of arousal according to the Inverted-U theory.
Arousal is good up to a point, but then it impacts performance. Too much / Too little arousal doesn't produce optimal performance
Group cohesion is facilitated by

a. Ignoring the uniqueness of individuals in the group
b. A positive identity related to group membership
c. Lack of acceptance of role differentiation in the group
d. Forced socialization outside the group's function
b. A positive identity related to group membership
The presence of spectators helps young athletes concentrate better when they are learning skills for the first time.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Which of the following is probably the youngest kinesiology discipline?

a. Exercise Physiology
b. Sport and Exercise Psychology
c. Motor Learning
d. Biomechanics
b. Sport and Exercise Psychology
Perceived barriers to physical activity may be real or imagined.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Which of the following is defined as the state of bodily energy or physical and mental readiness?

a. Stress
b. Anxiety
c. Arousal
d. Cohesion
c. Arousal
Which happens first in a person who becomes burned out?

a. Negative moods and feelings and a negative change in response to other people
b. Feeling of a lack of accomplishment
c. Becoming disillusioned with involvement in an activity
d. Feeling of mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion
d. Feeling of mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion
Who was the first to devote a significant portion of his or her career to sport psychology?

a. Bruce Ogilvie
b. Coleman Griffith
c. Dorothy Harris
d. John Silva
b. Coleman Griffith
Family support and modeling are highly predictive of the physical activity participation of children.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Identify the six research methods used in sport and exercise psychology.
-Questionnaires
-Interviews
-Observations
-Psychological Measures
-Biochemical Measures (ex: Stress Hormones)
-Content Analysis (ex: Analyze written material such as looking at rosters of people who are members at a gym & their socioeconomic status)
What is true about mindfulness in sport and exercise?

a. It is an alternative to meditation.
b. It was the initial aim of sport and exercise psychology in the late 1800s.
c. It is meant to maintain focus on the present moment in an open, nonjudgmental way.
d. It is meant as a way to reconstruct past failures for a new, positive outcome.
c. It is meant to maintain focus on the present moment in an open, nonjudgmental way.
Intervention techniques such as _________, _________, and _________ are used in mental skills training.

a. Imagery; Relaxation Training; Self-Talk
b. Relaxation Training; Arousal; Goal Setting
c. Goal Setting; Imagery; Burnout
d. Self-Talk; Choking; Intrinsic Motivation
a. Imagery; Relaxation Training; Self-Talk
b. Relaxation Training; Arousal; Goal Setting
In the 1970s, popular topics of study in sport psychology included all of the following EXCEPT

a. Attributions for Achievement
b. Competitive Stress
c. Self-Efficacy
d. Social Physique Anxiety
d. Social Physique Anxiety
***It's the perception of not wanting to reveal your physical self in public, thus causing anxiety
_____ extrinsic motivation is the LEAST self-determined form of motivation and occurs when athletes need to follow the demands of others or obtain external rewards.

a. Controlled
b. Uncontrolled
c. Attributed
d. Self-efficacious
a. Controlled
The inverted-U model of arousal includes all of these concepts EXCEPT

a. There is an optimal zone of arousal for performance.
b. People perform better at moderate levels of arousal.
c. The optimal level of arousal is the same for each person.
d. Performance decreases as arousal levels become too high.
c. The optimal level of arousal is the same for each person.
A golf ball stays on the tee until the golf club hits it. Which of the following principles best describes why this occurs?

a. Newton's law of action-reaction
b. Momentum gain as force is increased with time
c. Newton's law of inertia
d. Law of projectile motion
c. Newton's law of inertia
***KNOW Newton's Laws!
Which of the following are the most common forces acting on a human performer?

a. Heat, friction, gravity, air or water resistance
b. Friction, gravity, ground reaction forces, air or water resistance
c. Air pressure, gravity, ground reaction forces, air or water resistance
d. Friction, gravity, ground reaction forces, gas forces
b. Friction, gravity, ground reaction forces, air or water resistance
You are using the movement analysis model to analyze a swimmer in order to see what improvements can be made to help her swim faster. During one of the movement analysis steps, you remember that to move faster through the water, one must reduce the force of water resistance by making the body surfaces smooth. You then decide that, for the glide phase, you will have the swimmer keep her arms straight and close to her body to streamline her shape. Which analysis step did you carry out?

a. State performance goals.
b. Consider influencing factors.
c. Determine relevant biomechanical principles and movement techniques.
d. Observe, measure, assess, and evaluate.
c. Determine relevant biomechanical principles and movement techniques.
Which of the following is defined as the study of the function of human beings using the principles and methods of physics and engineering?

a. Kinesiology
b. Biomechanics
c. Motor Behavior
d. Ergonomics
b. Biomechanics
When an athlete is running across a field, _________ allow(s) for the person to be propelled forward. (The runner pushes down on the ground, and the ground pushes the person in the opposite direction.)

a. Lift Forces
b. Ground Reaction Forces
c. Inertia
d. Acceleration
b. Ground Reaction Forces
Professional scouts are timing a football player in the 40-yard dash to determine how his speed compares to that of other players they are considering for their team. What type of analysis are the scouts using?

a. Qualitative Analysis
b. Ergonomics
c. Quantitative Analysis
d. Pressure Analysis
c. Quantitative Analysis
Kinematics is

a. A branch of physics that documents motion
b. The opposite of kinetics—that is, being stationary
c. An alternative name for kinesiology departments
d. A software program for doing gait analysis
a. A branch of physics that documents motion
If a tennis player's arm muscles are weak and unable to produce enough force with one hand to accelerate the ball sufficiently, he can create more total force by hitting with two hands. Which of the following principles best describes why this occurs?

a. Newton's law of action-reaction
b. Momentum gain as force is increased with time
c. Newton's law of inertia
d. Newton's law of acceleration
d. Newton's law of acceleration
Which of the following is defined as the factor that shapes human movement due to any influence outside of the performer?

a. Performer Characteristics
b. Environment
c. Laws of Nature
d. Performer's Goals
b. Environment
Define exercise physiology.
The study of acute (immediate) physiological responses to physical activity & the change sin physiological responses to chronic (repeated over time) physical activity
This kinesiologist was one of the first to contribute to the field of exercise physiology with his Nobel Prize-winning work on metabolism.

a. Thomas Cureton
b. D.B. Dill
c. Kenneth Cooper
d. A.V. Hill
d. A.V. Hill
What is the most common reasons for stopping an exercise training program?
Injury
When body temperature rises during physical activity, which thermoregulatory response is stimulated?

a. Shivering
b. Vasodilation of skin blood vessels and then sweating
c. Vasoconstriction of skin blood vessels
d. Redirecting blood to the visceral organs
b. Vasodilation of skin blood vessels and then sweating
All of the following are considered characteristics of health-related physical fitness EXCEPT

a. Biochemistry
b. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
c. Muscular Endurance
d. Muscular Strength
a. Biochemistry

****Other characteristics of health-related physical fitness are Body Composition & Flexibility
What type of muscle fiber uses anaerobic energy systems almost exclusively?

a. Fast glycolytic fibers
b. Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
c. Slow-twitch fibers
d. Aerobic fibers
a. Fast glycolytic fibers
People in the United States are commonly deficient in this nutrient, which can result in a decrease in fitness due to reduced oxygen-carrying capabilities.

a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Vitamin B
d. Phosphorus
b. Iron
The gold standard for determining body composition in humans is the skinfold thickness technique.

a. True
b. False
b. True

***The Gold-standard is Underwater Weighing
What type of exercise produces tension in the muscle without changing length?

a. Isokinetic
b. Isometric
c. Isotonic
d. Hypertrophic
b. Isometric
The recommended amount of weekly physical activity for improved health and decreased disease risk is

a. 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity
b. 25 minutes of activity at any intensity
c. Enough activity to reach 80 percent maximal heart rate twice a week
d. 50 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 25 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity
a. 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity
A 1996 government publication that played an important part in describing the relationship between physical activity and health was called

a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
b. U.S. Kinesiology Guidebook
c. Healthy People 1990
d. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
d. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
Where was the first exercise physiology laboratory in the United States established?

a. Carnegie Nutrition Lab
b. Harvard University
c. Springfield College
d. University of Illinois
b. Harvard University
Exercise physiology, like biomechanics, is a subdiscipline in the biophysical sphere.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Treadmills, cycles, and swimming flumes are used to estimate V\od\O2max. What are these devices called?

a. Ergometers
b. Training Equipment
c. Tissot Spirometers
d. Cardiac Rehab Devices
a. Ergometers
A muscle's ability to exert force repeatedly over a prolonged period is known as

a. Muscular Strength
b. Muscular Endurance
c. Muscular Force
d. Progressive Overload
b. Muscular Endurance
Which of the following uses air displacement instead of water displacement to estimate body composition?

a. BOD POD
b. DEXA
c. BIA
d. Skinfold Calipers
a. BOD POD
Neural adaptations increase muscle size in all of the following ways EXCEPT

a. Recruitment of additional muscle fibers
b. Better synchronization of muscle fiber contraction
c. Reduction in neural inhibition
d. Hypertrophy
d. Hypertrophy

***Hypertrophy = Muscle fibers increase in size
***Hyperplasia = Muscle fibers split and increase in number
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