Pharmacology Exam IV

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What type of lipid is used to build cell membranes?

Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
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Terms in this set (83)
What type of lipid is used to build cell membranes?

Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids
What type of lipid is used to provide the body energy?

Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
Triglycerides
Which type of lipid is used to produce some hormones?

Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
Steroids
Interpreting a lipid profile, what value represents cholesterol?

HDL
Total cholesterol
LDL
Triglycerides
LDL
Which of the following medications is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor?

ezetimibe
simvastatin
gemfibrozil
cholestyramine
simvastatin

All drugs generic name have "statin" HMG-CoA= statin
Which of the following medications is a bile acid sequestrant?

ezetimibe
simvastatin
gemfibrozil
cholestyramine
cholestyramine

..These drugs will bind to bile acids increasing excretion of cholesterol through the bowel.
Which of the following medications is a fibric acid derivative?

ezetimibe
simvastatin
gemfibrozil
cholestyramine
gemfibrozil

..Fibric Acid Drugs- work by activating an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides
Which of the following medications is an Omega-3-acid

ezetimibe
simvastatin
gemfibrozil
cholestyramine
None!!!!!

(lovaza) *fish oil

..very useful in lowering triglycerides.
Based on the characteristics of normal renal function, a patient with significant renal disease would likely have which of the following conditions?

Osteoporosis
Anemia
Hypertension
Hypernatremia
Osteoporosis
Anemia
Hypertension


..Imagine A patient on Dialysis
Hypernatremia is not as likely as hyperkalemia (potassium)
Which of the following drugs is most likely nephrotoxic?

atorvastatin
sertraline
ibuprofen
valproic acid
ibuprofen

..Liver failure- can take tylenol, renal failure can't take Advil
Which of the following is a thiazide diuretic? spironolactone furosemide glycerin hydrochlorothiazidehydrochlorothiazide- used for hypertension ...work at the proximal distal convoluted tubule (DCT) blocking NaCl and water and increasing excretion of potassiumWhich of the following is a Loop diuretic? spironolactone furosemide glycerin hydrochlorothiazidefurosemide (pretty much only one used)- given for fluid overload situations (ex. heart failure) ..work at the ascending nephron loop (Loop of Henle)and blocks the reabsorption of NaCl and water and increases excretion of potassiumWhich of the following is a Osmotic diuretic? spironolactone furosemide glycerin hydrochlorothiazideglycerin- used to decrease elevated cranial pressure (tumor etc.) ..work at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), pulling water into the nephron at the expense of electrolytesWhich of the following is a Potassium Sparing diuretic? spironolactone furosemide glycerin hydrochlorothiazidespironolactone (rlly the only one we talk abt) ..work at the distal DCT blocking sodium reabsorption but does not increase excretion of potassium;Why is it so important to measure a patient's Weight? Hypervolemia Increased serum creatinine Hypokalemia HyponatremiaHypervolemia- fluid overload (CHF patient) excess fluid will go to feet legs + chest (concern)Why is it so important to measure a patient's I&O? Hypervolemia Increased serum creatinine Hypokalemia HyponatremiaHypervolemia ..overall important to knowWhy is it so important to measure a patient's Serum electrolytes? Hypervolemia Increased serum creatinine Hypokalemia HyponatremiaHypokalemia- Serum electrolytes Hyponatremia- Serum electrolytesWhere do you find intracellular fluid? In blood vessels within the GI tract Inside cells Within the reproductive systemInside cellsWhere do you find extracellular fluid? In blood vessels within the GI tract Inside cells Within the reproductive systemIn blood vessels ..not fluid within a system; bloodstream would be the bestIndicate if each of the following is intake: emesis, G-tube formula, diarrhea, intravenous fluidsIntake- G-tube formula, IV fluidsIndicate if each of the following is output emesis, G-tube formula, diarrhea, intravenous fluidsOutput- emesis, diarrhea ..Emesis- medical term for vomitingWhich of the following sodium concentrations are normal saline?0.9% ...0.45%- if someone has too high of a sodium level (hypernatremia)Which of the following values represents hypokalemia? 150 mEq/dl 6.0 mEq/dl 129 mEq/dl 3.0 mEq/dl3.0 mEq/dl Too little potassium normal range: 3.5-5Which of the following values represents Hyponatremia? 150 mEq/dl 6.0 mEq/dl 129 mEq/dl 3.0 mEq/dl129 mEq/dl Too little Na normal range: 130-135Which of the following values represents Hypernatremia? 150 mEq/dl 6.0 mEq/dl 129 mEq/dl 3.0 mEq/dl150 mEq/dl Too much Na normal range: 130-135Which of the following values represents Hyperkalemia? 150 mEq/dl 6.0 mEq/dl 129 mEq/dl 3.0 mEq/dl6.0 mEq/dl Too much potassium normal range: 3.5-5Identify if the pH is acidoticAcidosis-7.25, 7.32 Normal pH is 7.35-7.45Identify if the pH is alkaloticAlkalosis- 7.47, 7.63 Normal pH is 7.35-7.45Identify which of the following corresponds to these disease states: prolonged nausea and vomiting due to gastroenteritis, Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosisMetabolic alkalosis ..producing too many bicarbonate ions (base in bloodstream) -> pH up not underlying respiratory ph disturbance. hypolalemia- Decreased hydrogen, dehydrationIdentify which of the following corresponds to these disease states: gasping for air due to severe emotional upset Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosisRepiratory alkalosis - has to do with breathingIdentify which of the following corresponds to these disease states: opioid overdose Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosisRespiratory acidosisIdentify which of the following corresponds to these disease states: alcohol overdose Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosisMetabolic acidosisDefine the following, heart rate Volume of blood pumped/minute Cardiac output versus peripheral resistance Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contraction The number of times the heart beats in a specified time periodThe number of times the heart beats in a specified time periodDefine the following, stroke volume Volume of blood pumped/minute Cardiac output versus peripheral resistance Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contraction The number of times the heart beats in a specified time periodAmount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contractionDefine the following, cardiac output Volume of blood pumped/minute Cardiac output versus peripheral resistance Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contraction The number of times the heart beats in a specified time periodVolume of blood pumped/minuteDefine the following, blood pressure Volume of blood pumped/minute Cardiac output versus peripheral resistance Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contraction The number of times the heart beats in a specified time periodCardiac output versus peripheral resistanceWhich of the following substances will increase blood pressure? Over the counter phenylephrine Nicotine Caffeine Foods high in sodium Alcoholic beveragesAll of them! Over the counter phenylephrine (Sudafed) Nicotine Caffeine Foods high in sodium Alcoholic beveragesWhich of the following is an ACEI Metoprolol Hydrochlorothiazide Valsartan Diltiazem EnalaprilEnalapril ..Drugs in this class include the "prils."Which of the following is an ARB? Metoprolol Hydrochlorothiazide Valsartan Diltiazem EnalaprilValsartan ..Drugs in this class include the "sartans"Which of the following is a CCB? Metoprolol Hydrochlorothiazide Valsartan Diltiazem EnalaprilDiltiazem (doesn't fit): Calcium Channel Blocker ..Drugs in this class include the "pines"Which of the following is a Beta antagonist? Metoprolol Hydrochlorothiazide Valsartan Diltiazem EnalaprilMetoprololWhich of the following is a diuretic? Metoprolol Hydrochlorothiazide Valsartan Diltiazem EnalaprilHydrochlorothiazideWhat is the most common cause of heart failure? Uncontrolled diabetes Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled thyroid disease Uncontrolled hyperlipidemiaUncontrolled hypertensionWhich of the following is a beta blocker? Hydralazine Amlodipine Losartan Lisinopril CarvedilolCarvedilol .."OLOL"Which of the following is an ACEI? Hydralazine Amlodipine Losartan Lisinopril CarvedilolLisinopril ..Drugs in this class include the "prils."Which of the following is a Direct Vasodilator? Hydralazine Amlodipine Losartan Lisinopril CarvedilolHydralazine ..Direct vasodilators include hydralazine and minoxidilWhich of the following is an ARB? Hydralazine Amlodipine Losartan Lisinopril CarvedilolLosartan ...Drugs in this class include the "sartans"Which of the following medications are FDA approved for heart failure and not hypertension? Lisinopril Furosemide Digoxin DapagliflozinDigoxin DapagliflozinMatch the following with the correct definition, ischemia Coronary artery vasospasm Narrowing or occlusion of coronary arteries Loss of oxygen to the heart muscle Episodes of loss of oxygen to the heart muscle causing chest painLoss of oxygen to the heart muscleMatch the following with the correct definition, coronary artery disease Coronary artery vasospasm Narrowing or occlusion of coronary arteries Loss of oxygen to the heart muscle Episodes of loss of oxygen to the heart muscle causing chest painNarrowing or occlusion of coronary arteriesShort of a cardiac catheterization, what is the best way to determine if a patient has CAD? EKG Echocardiogram Stress test Complete patient historyComplete patient history ..listen and ask questions so you don't need a testWhich of the following symptoms is not consistent with shock? Pallor Hypotension Bradycardia ConfusionBradycardia- no body compensates by increasing bp ... Confusion Hypotension- low bp Pallor- paleIdentify the type of shock associated with the following, traumatic brain injury Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Hypovolemic NeurogenicNeurogenic- any trauma in CNSIdentify the type of shock associated with the following, heart failure Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Hypovolemic NeurogenicCardiogenic (severe loss of blood volume)What type of medication would you as the nurse expect to administer to a patient in Hypovolemic shock? Blood Corticosteroids Antihistamines EpinephrineBloodWhat type of medication would you as the nurse expect to administer to a patient in Cardiogenic shock? Blood Corticosteroids Antihistamines EpinephrineEpinephrineWhat type of medication would you as the nurse expect to administer to a patient in anaphylactic shock? Blood Corticosteroids Antihistamines EpinephrineCorticosteroids Antihistamines EpinephrineWhich of the following is not classified as dysrhythmia? Atrial fibrillation Sinus tachycardia Premature ventricular contractions Ventricular tachycardiaSinus tachycardia- rhythm is the same, heart rate not normal (beating fast-normal response to stress, caffeine, exercise) ... Dysrhythmia- An abnormality in the electrical conduction of the heart that will result in an alteration in cardiac rhythm. ...one PVC does not indicate heart issues unless there's multiple bc we often skip a heart beatWhich of the following is most likely to cause a dysrhythmia? Appendicitis Strep pharyngitis Viral gastroenteritis with N&V/diarrhea COVID-19 infectionViral gastroenteritis with N&V/diarrhea if you have significant nausea, vomiting and diarrhea then you loose electrolytes through fluid loss & dehydrationWhat do most medications for dysrhythmia have in common? Their mechanism of action involves electrolytes They have many significant drug-drug and drug-food interactions They are also used as topical anesthetics Their mechanism of action affects beta adrenergic receptorsTheir mechanism of action involves electrolytes They have many significant drug-drug and drug-food interactions ... only one used as a topical anesthetic is lidocaine + not all effects beta adrenergic receptorsWhat side effect do all medications for dysrhythmia have in common? GI upset Arrhythmia Headache Muscle painArrhythmiaWhich of the following is false regarding vitamin K? Vitamin K is made by the liver. Vitamin K is an antidote for a warfarin overdose. Vitamin K is needed to produce clotting factors. Vitamin K is given to neonates in NICUs by injection to prevent intracranial bleeding.Vitamin K is made by the liver- we get it from our diet ... *its required by the liver to make clotting factors but not made by it All others are true given to premature babies bc they haven't been exposed to any vitamin k yetWhich of the following is not considered a bleeding disorder? Hemophilia A von Willebrand's disease Polycythemia vera Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura None of the abovePolycythemia vera- (opp of bleeding disorder) someone has a high hemoglobin & platelets-> makes people prone to abnormal/too much clottingWhich of the following is not considered a coagulation disorder? Hemophilia A von Willebrand's disease Polycythemia vera Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura None of the above(coagulation disorder=clot too much or not enough) none!Which of the following is a benefit of therapy with warfarin? Cost Lab monitoring not required Insurance coverage Available in pill formCost Insurance coverage (all cover) Available in pill form .. lab monitoring is absolutely requiredWhich of the following is a benefit of therapy with apixaban? Cost Lab monitoring not required Insurance coverage Available in pill formLab monitoring not required Available in pill formWhich of the following do enoxaparin and heparin have in common? Both are administered intravenously Both are administered orally Both may be used in pregnant women Both have a Black Box warning for spinal/epidural hematomas None of the aboveBoth are administered intravenously Both may be used in pregnant women Both have a Black Box warning for spinal/epidural hematomas (applies to all anticoagulants) (enoxaparin is low molecular weight heparin) ..neither one can be administered orallyWhich of the following INR values is subtherapeutic for a patient with a mechanical aortic valve? 3.0 3.3 2.3 2.52.3 .. sub thereaputic= too low History of mechanical valve INR 2.5-3.5 An INR test measures the time for the blood to clot. ItWhich of the following INR values is therapeutic for a patient with a mechanical aortic valve? 3.0 3.3 2.3 2.53.3 ..History of DVT INR 2-3 An INR test measures the time for the blood to clot. History of mechanical valve INR 2.5-3.5 (INR greater than 4.0 requires intervention.)Why is aspirin used for cardiovascular disease prophylaxis and warfarin is not? Because it inhibits Factor Xa Because it inhibits Factor III Because it inhibits vitamin K Because it inhibits plateletsBecause it inhibits platelets- why it can be affective for arterial thrombus preventionWhich of the following is an anticoagulant used for DVT prophylaxis? clopidogrel rivaroxaban streptokinase DDAVPrivaroxaban (deep vein thrombosis)- a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep veinWhich of the following is an anticoagulant used hemostasis? clopidogrel rivaroxaban streptokinase DDAVPDDAVP (desmopressin) ...hemostasis- the stopping of a flow of blood.Which of the following is an anticoagulant used for An antiplatelet drug?? clopidogrel rivaroxaban streptokinase DDAVPclopidogrelWhich of the following vitamins is not involved in hematopoiesis? Folic acid Ascorbic acid Cyanocobalamin Calciferolcalciferol- active form of vitamin d not required for bone MARROW is required for bone support hematopoisis= production of blood cells ...Occurs in the bone marrow and requires the B vitamins, vitamin C, copper, and iron along with hormonal influence. WE NEED: Folic acid- b vitamin ascobic- vitamin c cyanocobalamin- vitamin b 12Which of the following cells leads to leukocyte production? Myeloid stem cell Megakaryocyte Myeloblast Lymphoid stem cellMyeloblast- production comes directly from hereWhich of the following cells leads to Platelet production? Myeloid stem cell Megakaryocyte Myeloblast Lymphoid stem cellMegakaryocyteWhich of the following cells leads to Lymphocyte production? Myeloid stem cell Megakaryocyte Myeloblast Lymphoid stem cellLymphoid stem cellWhich of the following drugs treats anemia of chronic disease? Ferrous sulfate Epogen Neulasta CyanocobalaminEpogen (Erythropoiesis-stimulating factors) *specifically someone w/ chronic renal failure ... Ferrous sulfate- iron Neulasta- Colony-stimulating factor Cyanocobalamin- thrombWhich of the following drugs treats Neutropenia due to chemotherapy? Ferrous sulfate Epogen Neulasta CyanocobalaminNeulastaWhich of the following drugs treats Microcytic hypochromic anemia? Ferrous sulfate Epogen Neulasta CyanocobalaminFerrous sulfate Microcytic.. Anemia = IRON DEFICIENCYWhich of the following drugs treats Macrocytic anemia? Ferrous sulfate Epogen Neulasta CyanocobalaminCyanocobalamin- vitamin B 12 Macrocytic anemia- BIG blood cellsWhich of the following would explain a normochromic normocytic anemia? Iron deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Hemolytic anemia ThalassemiaHemolytic anemia- red blood cells burst open => our spleen sucks them up *CAUSED by a medication normochromic normocytic anemia= normal size, normal color, not enough because normal red blood cell are destroyed (aplastic anemia, hemorrhagic anemia, hemolytic anemia, sickle-cell anemia) ... Thalassemia- less hemoglobin then normalWhich of the following is common to all anemias? Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms EtiologySymptoms ...Symptoms of anemia: pallor(pale) , fatigue, SOB, increased HR Etiology= set of causes for a disease