38 terms

MUS 10 Test 4

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Variations on a Theme of Haydn

Composer: Johannes Brahms
Genre: theme & variations
Style Period: Romantic
Performing Forces: piccolo, flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons & contra, horns, trumpets, timpani, triangle, strings
absolute music

Theme

andante
binary form
begins w/ ww like Haydn
5 measure phrase from St. Anthony's Chorale w/ tolling bells
homophonic, pizzicato by lower strings
p & f dynamics

Variation I

poco piu animato
strings w/ arpeggios
5 stroke bell motive (esp. by brass)
string legato rising & falling
mocking-bird effects

Variation II

piu vivace
minor mode
18th & 16th note rhythm (built on rhythmic motive from theme)
forte outbursts

Variation III

con moto
back to major mode
more subdivisions. theme peeks in & out
expansive 8th note phrases
decorative dialogues for repeats (repeats w/ variation in orchestration, dialogues betw ww & strings, trading melodic fragments)
motive treated chromatically
legato, sentimental features

Finale

andante
5- bar passacaglia (Baroque form) based on theme, 8 cycles
tutti & imitative counterpoint
briefly switches to minor to signal end
recapitulation + cascading winds
original closing figure (melody returns) + upward rockets by strings
bass line has themes
bell tones fade
large tutti close

"Furiant" from the Bartered Bride

Composer: Bedrich Smetana
Genre: dance-&-trio
Performing Forces: orchestra
triple meter in half notes & quarter notes (hemiola)
triple during waltz-like trio
rounded binary form
Work: Bartered Bride ballet Act II
Style Period: Romantic
takes place in tavern (peasant subject matter)
Czech language
utilizes hemiola & unusual ostinato (4-bar figure by cellos & bassoons during trio)
ends with "reunion des themes"
lovers Jenik & Marenka, Jenik barters away bride

Romeo and Juliet

Composer: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Genre: program music, overture-fantasy
Style Period: Romantic
Performing Forces: piccolo, flutes, clarinets, English horn, bassoons, horns, trumpets, trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion, harp, strings
sonata form (exposition, development, recapitulation, coda)
intro = plainchant, Friar Lawrence
1st theme = sword fight between Capulets & Montagues (begin sonata form)
2nd theme = love theme
ends w/ death sequence

"La Soiree dans Grenade" (Evening in Granada)

Composer: Claude Debussy
Genre: dance-&-trio
Style Period: Modern (Impressionism/Symbolism)
Performing Forces: piano
habanera rhythm ostinato
improv & strumming like guitar

Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring)
Introduction & "Dance of the Adolescents"

Composer: Igor Stravinsky
Genre: Russian ballet
Performing forces: large orchestra, foreign instruments
Style Period: Modern
high bassoon solo (unusual range)
primitivism, Pagan ritual of pre-historic Russia
mixed meter
mini fanfares, thick textures
irregular accents
premiered May 29, 1913

David's Lamentation (Chorus & Alabama Sacred Harp)

Composer: William Billings
Genre: anthem (Bible verse)
primitive Americanism
Absalom's death
acapella chorus (SATB)
minor mode
homophonic
shaped-note singing
open 5ths

Semper Fidelis (Always Faithful)

Composer: John Philip Sousa
Genre: Sousa march
Performing Forces: military band
2 strains, trio on IV
coutermelody
arrangement (European-like)

William Billings

David's Lamentation
From New England
1st major American composer
self-made man
began a singing school
focused on primitivism (e.g. open 5ths)

Lili Boulanger

Psalm 24 (Modern)
from Paris
won Prix de Rome (1st woman)
wrote Psalm 24 in Rome
died of pneumonia

Johannes Brahms

Variations on a Theme of Haydn (Theme, Var. I-III, Finale)
Romantic era
Beethoven's successor
From Hamburg, worked in Vienna
mentored by Schumanns
concerned about musical past (Renaissance, Baroque), traditional Classical forms
wrote autonomous, absolute music

Claude Debussy

La Soiree dans Grenade (Evening in Granada)
French (Modern/Impressionism/Symbolist)
used added-note chord
studied Javanese gamelan (gong & percussion), whole-tone scale, pentatonic scale, habanera, flamenco
tone poems
worked with Manuel de Falla

Bedrich Smetana

"Furiant", The Bartered Bride
Bohemian nationalist (Czech)
wrote opera, orchestra, string quartet

John Philip Sousa

Semper fidelis (Always Faithful)
Director of US Marines Band
wrote marches
Europhile & arranger

Igor Stravinsky

Rite of Spring (Introduction & Dance of the Adolescents)
Russian musical adviser for Ballets Russes in Paris
wrote modern ballets

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Romeo & Juliet
not part of the "Five"
Favored European form
wrote symphonies, waltzes, marches, serenades, & ballets

absolute music

relies solely on elements of music, music is autonomous, no story (vs. program music

Theater des Champs Elysees

Where "Rite of Spring" was performed on May 29, 1913

Vaslav Ninjinksy

Dancer of Ballets Russes

Sergei Diaghilev

founder of Ballets Russes dance company in Paris (hired Stravinsky & Manuel de Falla)

nationalism

emotions of one represent a group, pushes its beliefs

modernism

focus on aesthetics & making a statement, breaks from the past, breakdown of tonality & form, rift betw creator & public

romantic

emotion & imagination, interest in individual, nature, & supernatural, based on literature, breakdown of Classical forms, more harmonic writing, extremes of length

Nadia Boulanger

Musical educator in Paris, taught Lili's songs

primitivism

simple tunes of folk character (e.g. African mask, cubism, David's Lamentation, Rite of Spring)

impressionism

conveys moods & tones of subject matter

hemiola

duple & triple meter in same musical idea

Charles Darwin

Wrote "On the Origin of Species" about evolution

Sigmund Freud

Neurologist known for psychoanalysis