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Biology EXAM

Terms in this set (66)

steps of the scientific method
Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze Data, Conclusion
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Hypotonic
Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
Isotonic
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
what happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution
causes a cell to shrink from this solution
what happens when a cell is placed in hypotonic solution
The process of osmosis takes place in the solution.
what happens when a cell is placed in Isotonic solution
the movement of water out of the cell is exactly balanced by movement of water into the cell from this solution
Characteristics of life
organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction
organic compounds
Compounds that contain carbon
Carbohydrates
the starches and sugars present in foods
Proteins
Amino acids
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Homeostasis
maintaining a constant internal envorement
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
four biogeochemical cycles
water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Formula of Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Formulas of Cellular Respiration
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 38 ATP
cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Immigration
Migration to a new location
Emigration
movement of individuals out of an area
exponential growth
Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
logistic growth
Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth
limiting factors
the factor that limits the reaction rate in any physiological process governed by many variables
carrying capacity
the number of organisms which can survive in the resources within an ecosystem.
density-dependent limiting factors
limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area
density-independent limiting factors
limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size
Animal cells have
lysosomes and centrioles
Plant cells have
chloroplasts and cell wall
the function of the organelles found in the cell and the ones that are only found in plant cells
Plasma membrane
prokaryotes
Cells that do not contain nuclei
eukaryotes
Cells that contain nucleus
ATP is used for what?
energy for the cell
function of enzymes
speed up chemical reactions
Aerobic
Process that requires oxygen
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
concept of a niche
it is a species' way of life, or its role on an ecosystem
which things flow in a one-way direction in ecosystems and which things cycle through them.
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
the function of pigments in plants
Photosynthesis
trophic levels
levels of nourishment in a food chain
structure of cell membrane
lipid bilayer of phospholipids and proteins
lipids
fats, oils, waxes
food chains
Food webs
Producers
Organisms that make their own food
Consumers
organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients
Decomposers
Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms
Animal cells have
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
Plant cells have
chloroplasts, cell wall, large central vacuole
Organic Compounds purpose
To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances
True census
actual count of population
Census method
the method used to obtain data for an estimate of population abundance
Symbiosis
is broken down into mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism based on how two species interact in their ecosystem
Mutualism
where both organisms benefit
Commensalism
where one benefits but the other organism isn't harmed
Parasitism
where one organism benefits and the other is harmed
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
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