Gilded Age Test

Term
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Terms in this set (20)
Ulysses S. Grant
1. War hero - built his career off being a veteran
2. Republicans nominated him for President in 1868 (Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour)
3. Grant won the election and won the majority of the black vote (shows that black people were very influential if they were able to vote) (was not viewed as president by MI, TX, VA because they did not participate in the election because of reconstruction)
4. People thought that he destroyed the people of the South's land and that he won the war against his people
James Fisk and Jay Gould
1. Notorious millionaire partners
2. Financiers, dealt with money
3. Had the plan to buy back the paper currency given to people with gold, so they were going to corner the market on gold
4. Means they had to buy as much gold as possible
5. Held onto the gold and owned a significant amount of the gold population
6. Price of gold goes up because there is less of it on the market
7. President's brother in law watched for when the president was going to release his gold and they would release it before him so they could get as much money as possible
8. Try to convince president to put off releasing the gold
9. President realizes the economic panic of no gold and that the stock market was crashing and released the gold before they found out
10. Scheme is exposed
11. Bad reputation for government and president because brother in law was involved
Boss Tweed
1. Milked millions from NYC
2. Head of Tammany Hall
3. Elected to NY state office, to local government, but wants to get higher
4. Physically and corruptly running the city, determining the outcome of every other election in NYC and state (rigs every election)
5. Gets mayor elected, so mayor has to do what Tweed wants
6. At one point, he owned 1/3 of the real estate in the city
7. Destroys those who refuse to cooperate
Tammany Hall
1. Speaks to political organization
2. Democratic in nature, not a political party, but the people that are part of the group are democratic politicians
3. Society/club who help each other out
4. Had a significant amount of power and influence
5. People go along with it because everyone is getting paid by the society
6. Roosevelt pulls federal funding of group
Credit Mobilier
1. Scars Grant's reputation
2. President designates a group of people in charge of making the union pacific railroad (railroads were a way to expand as fast and as far west as possible)
3. The group will oversee the process (where, who will build it, etc)
4. Budget of 2 million dollars
5. Commission members actively create a company to make the railroad so the money goes directly into their pocket (credit Mobilier is the name of the company)
6. They take the money that they are given from union pacific (as designated in their contracts) and invest it back into union pacific stocks and bonds which they sell to the open market to make a profit which goes directly into their own pockets
7. Ends up going through all levels of the government (up to Vice President)
8. Company gave people money so they wouldn't tell anyone, but that also made them involved so if they told the president, they would get in trouble too
9. The corruption affected the average citizen because it is where all their tax dollars went
Rutherford Hayes
1. Hayes vs. Tilden election
2. Republicans nominated Hayes of Ohio in 1876
3. Republicans no longer have absolute stronghold
4. Tilden has 124 votes, only needed one more
5. four states are up for debate
6. Everyone assumed Tilden would win at least one of those votes (3/4 states were in south)
7. Democrats and Republicans send officials down to Florida to collect all the ballots and bring them back to the capital where they will be handed over to congress
8. Winner determined by whose ballots are taken
9. Each state sends back two sets of ballots
10. Choose republican votes
11. Hayes wins
12. Democrats struck a deal and said that they will let Hayes become president if they end reconstruction and remove all federal troops in the south
13. Reconstruction ends in 1877
14. Republicans said that they will give up the fight for racial equality
15. Abandoned entire race of people, which was shooting themselves in the foot
Electoral Count Act
1. The compromise of 1877
2. Creates a commission that will always have an odd number of people made up members of Senate and House and Supreme Court
3. 8 Republicans, 7 Democrats
Jim Crow
1. Freedmen suffered (freedmen's bureau gone)
2. Black codes were firmly put in place and evolved
3. Institutional racism increased
4. Jim Crow laws
5. People would put on Minstrel shows: extremely racist, painted faces black, made large lips, dressed stupid, made terrible remarks about blacks
6. Oppression intensified
Plessy v. Ferguson
1. Segregated train cars, black ones were lower quality, very dirty, no maintenance
2. Homer Plessy buys a first class ticket for the train car, sits down in the white section
3. Someone comes up to him and says he doesn't belong and he has to move back
4. He stands up and says he paid for the ticket, he should stay
5. He is then removed from the train, he's arrested for violating the segregation laws in Louisiana, put on trial
6. Judge is Ferguson
7. Plessy is convicted (found guilty for riding in the wrong train car and putting up a fight)
8. Plessy then challenges is, that it is a violation of the 14th amendment, he was not given equal protection under the law and it discriminated against him, so he did not commit a crime and policy should be removed
9. Made its way up to supreme court
10. Plessy was 1/8 African American, therefore the law said he was African American and had to buy these tickets and sit in these sections and go to these schools (said that he could pass as a white man)
11. Train car owners were on the side of plessy because they wanted segregation to end because it was costing them more money
12. Supreme Court upholds Ferguson's decision, instituted the phrase "separate but equal"
Chinese Exclusion Act
1. 1882- was only supposed to last 10 years but ended up lasting until 1943, kept getting extended
Birthright citizenship: US v. Wong Kim Artk1. Case that officially established birthright citizenship 2. He was born in the US, left to go visit China, denied when trying to return to the US 3. He ends up winning the case, birthright is firmly establishedChester Arthur1. Arthur was vice president of James Garfield who dies, Arthur accepts presidency 2. Chester Arthur was a Stalwart 3. Other Stalwarts assume they will now get big jobs in the government 4. Not the case, Arthur chooses the best people for the jobStalwart1. Small corrupt group within the Republican Party 2. Helped themselves get the best jobs, were not interested in what was best for the peoplePendleton Act1. 1883 2. Officially puts in civil service exams for government paid positions 3. Put an end to compulsory campaign contributionsGrover Cleveland1. Democrat; honesty 2. Had a child out of wedlock but supported it; did the right thing 3. Held two non-consecutive terms 4. Was first democrat since before the war (freaks out republicans because they no longer have control) 5. Laissez Faire economy- leave it alone mentality 6. Did not believe in great deal of government involvement in the economy 7. Fire 120,000 federal employees, 40,000 of them were republicansRum, Romanism, and Rebellion: End to Blaine1. A speaker rallies for Blaine but targets immigrant population 2. Blaine does not condemn the speaker, so it's as if he is supporting the speaker, turns people against BlainePension Issue1. People say that they should give the money to war veterans 2. There was a draft for people to join the war 3. To get out of it, either paid to get out of it or paid someone else to substitute (people who get paid are careful so they don't die and have a low morale) 4. Ability to pay out of the draft becomes wealthy population benefit 5. Leads to riots in NYC over the draft because young poor men were against it and can't pay their way out of it 6. A lot of the substitutes deserted after getting the money, lived somewhere else under a different name/documentation, do that multiple times 7. Decision is to give veterans a good amount of money, raise the pensions 8. Pension corruption 9. Cleveland tries to clean it up and locate all the fraud 10. Backfires because people go public and say that they are withholding money from civil war veterans 11. He eventually has to back off because they are fighting against him 12. No longer has backing of democratsBenjamin Harrison1. Republican 2. Next nomination in next election 3. Wins election against ClevelandMcKinley Tariff1. Cleveland lowered the tariffs 2. McKinley Tariff ACt 1890 3. Republicans raised them again 4. Backfires on farming community because it makes international goods extremely expensive, so other countries pass high taxes against American goods, and now selling on an unprotected international market 5. Average man is punished, everything is too expensive, can't sell or buy 6. Average man begins to mobilizePopulist Party1.