Chapter 5- quiz

Which of the following is not associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

a) Non-teratogenic cause
b) Abnormalities in facial features
c) Growth retardation below the tenth percentile
d) Central nervous system dysfunction
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 49
Terms in this set (49)
Which of the following is not associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

a) Non-teratogenic cause
b) Abnormalities in facial features
c) Growth retardation below the tenth percentile
d) Central nervous system dysfunction
a) Non-teratogenic cause
In general, children with Down syndrome display ____.

a) declining IQ but increasing social skills
b) progressive loss of adaptive functioning skills from birth on
c) a surge in abilities from ages 10 to 15
d) significant gains in adaptive behaviors up to age 6, followed by a leveling off or decline
d) significant gains in adaptive behaviors up to age 6, followed by a leveling off or decline
Children with intellectual disability and ADHD, when placed on stimulant medication, typically:

a) are able to remain on task for longer periods
b) show no increased functioning as a result of medication
c) are overstimulated
d) show slight but limited gains on cognitive tasks.
a) are able to remain on task for longer periods
The inclusion movement, along with this law, give children with disabilities the option of being educated in regular education settings.

a) No Child Left Behind
b) Act Every Student Succeeds Act
c) Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
d) Disabled Student Success Act
c) Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
The observation that children with Down syndrome may alternate between periods of gain and functioning and periods of little or no advance is the ____.

a) variance hypothesis
b) functioning difference hypothesis
c) slowing and stability hypothesis
d) variance observation
c) slowing and stability hypothesis
IQ scores among individuals without intellectual disability are ____.

a) stable only after age 12
b) relatively stable with the exception of infancy
c) stable throughout the life span
d) not at all stable
b) relatively stable with the exception of infancy
Examples of conceptual adaptive behavior skills are:

a) eating, dressing, mobility, and toileting
b) responsibility
c) obeying laws
d) money concepts
d) money concepts
____ is the most common form of intellectual disability resulting from chromosomal abnormalities.

a) Klinefelter's syndrome
b) Prader-Willi syndrome
c) Down syndrome
d) Fragile-X syndrome
c) Down syndrome
____ is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability.

a) Down syndrome
b) Prader-Willi syndrome
c) Fragile-X syndrome
d) Phenylketonuria
c) Fragile-X syndrome
Children with Down syndrome display considerable delay in ____.

a) neither expressive nor receptive language development
b) expressive and receptive language development
c) expressive language development
d) receptive language development
c) expressive language development
The evidence points to a heritability of intelligence of approximately ____. a) 50% b) 75% c) 0% d) 10%a) 50%When toddlers with Down syndrome begin to recognize themselves in a mirror, they often ____. a) strike out b) appear confused c) smile and laugh d) cryc) smile and laughTo be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must exhibit ____. a) subaverage intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive functioning b) genetic anomalies c) deficits in adaptive functioning d) subaverage intellectual functioninga) subaverage intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive functioningThe rising of IQ scores is due to ____. a) decreased need for manual labor b) rising cost of living c) more testing d) medical advancesd) medical advancesIn comparison to the IQ scores of normally developing children, those of infants and children with developmental delays or intellectual disability are ____. a) more stable b) unmeasurable c) equally stable d) less stablea) more stableAs a social risk factor for intellectual disability, this stands as both a prenatal and a postnatal condition.. a) Lack of access to prenatal care b) Poverty c) Domestic violence d) Malnutritionb) PovertyDown syndrome occurs more often with older mothers than younger mothers because_______. a) women's ova become generally less healthy with age b) chromosomal nondisjunction increases with maternal age c) older women are generally less healthy than younger women d) younger mothers do not carry genes containing chromosome issuesb) chromosomal nondisjunction increases with maternal ageThe suggestion that children with intellectual disability demonstrate the same behaviors and underlying processes as typically developing children who are at the same level of cognitive functioning is referred to as the ____. a) developmental hypothesis b) difference hypothesis c) similar sequence hypothesis d) similar structure hypothesisd) similar structure hypothesisThe ____ argues that cognitive development of children with intellectual disability differs from that of children without intellectual disability in more ways than merely differences in developmental rate and upper limit. a) difference viewpoint b) disparity hypothesis c) developmental viewpoint d) developmental differencea) difference viewpointPhenylketonuria is a(n) ____ that can cause intellectual disability if untreated. a) chromosomal abnormality b) environmental toxin c) inborn error of metabolism d) infectionc) inborn error of metabolismChildren with mild to moderate intellectual disability learn symbolic play ____. a) in much the same manner as other children b) in a different manner than other children and only to a very small degree c) in a different manner than other children d) only to a very small degreea) in much the same manner as other childrenIntellectual disability is more prevalent among ____. a) higher SES b) rural families c) middle children d) lower SESd) lower SESIndividuals with mild intellectual disability can usually acquire academic skills up to approximately the _______ grade level. a) tenth b) twelfth c) sixth d) secondc) sixthPostnatal risk factors for intellectual disability include a) parental abandonment of child. b) lack of preparation for parenthood c) traumatic brain injury d) parental immaturity.c) traumatic brain injuryThe American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) categorizes persons with intellectual disability according to the ____. a) number of social deficits b) extent of support needed c) number of deficits in adaptive functioning d) extent of cognitive impairmentb) extent of support neededBoth Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are ____. a) believed to be spontaneous genetic birth defects that occur around the time of conception b) none of these c) associated with an involuntary urge to eat d) inherited conditionsa) believed to be spontaneous genetic birth defects that occur around the time of conceptionIf a true male excess of intellectual disability exists, and the higher prevalence rate is not due to identification and referral patterns, it is likely due to ____. a) fetal alcohol syndrome b) testosterone c) Klinefelter's syndrome d) fragile-X syndromed) fragile-X syndromeSubaverage intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ approximately ____. a) a mental age of less than 10 years b) a mental age of less than 15 years c) one standard deviation below the mean d) two standard deviations below the meand) two standard deviations below the meanWhich chronic health condition is most common among children with intellectual disability? a) Anxiety disorders b) Autistic disorder c) Oppositional deviant disorder d) Epilepsyd) EpilepsyResearch investigating the effectiveness of residential care for children with intellectual disability indicates that ____. a) contact with family serves to confuse the child and disrupts the child's progress b) family involvement is crucial to children's adaptation to and benefit from residential care c) residential care is not an effective treatment option d) residential care is the most effective treatment optionb) family involvement is crucial to children's adaptation to and benefit from residential careThe majority of individuals with intellectual disabilities have ____ impairment. a) severe b) moderate c) mild d) profoundc) mildWhen mainstreamed into a regular classroom, children with intellectual disability ____. a) are targeted and abused by other children b) end up being socially isolated because other children do not play with them c) are often aggressive toward other children d) are accepted readily by other childrenb) end up being socially isolated because other children do not play with themThe ____ refers to the phenomenon that IQ scores have risen sharply since the beginning of IQ testing. a) Flynn effect b) IQ effect c) scoring effect d) Foster effecta) Flynn effectThe gene-environment interaction is referred to as ____. a) attribution b) phenotype c) heritability d) genotypeb) phenotypeThe proportion of variance in a trait attributable to genetic influences is called ____. a) heritability b) attribution c) genotype d) phenotypea) heritabilityThe prevalence estimate for intellectual disability in children and adults is about ____ of the entire population. a) 4% b) 5% c) 0.4% d) 1%d) 1%The most likely explanation for the discrepancy in IQ scores between blacks and whites in North America is ____. a) economic and social inequalities b) test bias c) poor attitude d) genetic dissimilaritiesa) economic and social inequalitiesTo be labeled with intellectual disability, below average intellectual and adaptive abilities must be ____. a) due to chromosomal abnormalities b) present before age 18 c) due to genetic anomalies d) present before age 12b) present before age 18Self-instructional training programs are most beneficial for ____. a) children with no language skills b) children whose parents are also mentally retarded c) children with severe intellectual disability d) children with some language proficiency, but who have trouble understanding and following directionsd) children with some language proficiency, but who have trouble understanding and following directionsWhich statement regarding the causes of intellectual disability is false? a) The causes of mild intellectual disability are better understood than the causes of moderate to severe intellectual disability. b) A genetic cause is known for almost three-quarters of individuals with moderate intellectual disability. c) Scientists cannot account for the cause of intellectual disability in the majority of cases. d) There are over 1,000 different known organic causes of intellectual disability.a) The causes of mild intellectual disability are better understood than the causes of moderate to severe intellectual disability.The ____ category of intellectual disability is overrepresented in minority groups. a) severe b) moderate c) profound d) mildd) mildAdults with mild intellectual development disorder need support with all of the following EXCEPT: a) shopping and transportation. b) health care and legal decisions c) cooking and money management. d) considerable support needed from co-workers/supervisors in employment.d) considerable support needed from co-workers/supervisors in employment.During the eugenics movement, persons with intellectual disability were considered ____. a) a threat to society b) amusing individuals c) relatively harmless d) the missing evolutionary linka) a threat to societyWhich cause of intellectual disability is associated with an involuntary urge to eat? a) Down syndrome b) Angelman syndrome c) Fragile-X syndrome d) Prader-Willi syndromed) Prader-Willi syndrome______ factors are implicated in mild forms of intellectual disability. a) Genetic b) Environmental c) Genetic and environmental d) Situationalc) Genetic and environmentalMany persons with Down syndrome function at the ____ level of disability. a) profound b) moderate c) mild d) severeb) moderate____ is associated with intellectual disability and is a disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome. a) Prader-Willi syndrome b) Turner's syndrome c) Fragile-X syndrome d) Klinefelter's syndromed) Klinefelter's syndromeIn the DSM-5, the level of disability, reflecting a child's degree of difficulty, is based upon the ____. a) number of social deficits b) extent of support needed c) extent of cognitive impairment d) number of deficits in adaptive functioningc) extent of cognitive impairmentEvolutionary degeneracy theory attributed the intellectual and social problems of children with intellectual disability to ____. a) cold parenting b) degeneration of societal values c) regression to an earlier period in the development of humankind d) genetic abnormalitiesc) regression to an earlier period in the development of humankind