What schedules are most likely to produce higher rates of response than interval schedulesFixed Ratio ScheduleOn what kind of schedule is reinforcement contingent upon emitting at least a certain amount of responses in a certain period of timeDifferential RatioBehavior that is performed because it is thought to have to do with reinforcementSuperstitious BehaviorWhat was Premack's theory called that indicated what activities such as watching tv or going to a dance, can serve as reinforcersProbability Differential TheoryWhat assumes that an animal emits the number of contingent responses in order to come as close to bliss point as possibleBehavioral Allocation ViewWhen an individual acts to minimize cost and maximize gainBliss PointRefers to the non reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that responseExtinctionA temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implementedExtinction BurstThe most important factor influencing resistance to extinctionThe Schedule of ReinforcementA version of a differential reinforcement procedure in which a child is taught to communicate his or her needs in a socially appropriate mannerFunctional Communication TrainingTendency to generalize across different stimuliGeneralization GradientTendency to operant response to be emitted in presence of stimulus similar to SDStimulus GeneralizationSomething is viewed as better than it would usually be when being compared to things that are worsePositive Contrast EffectSomething is viewed as being worse than it would usually be when compared to something betterNegative Contrast EffectThe rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming change in the rate of reinforcementAnticipatory ContrastA gradual training procedure that minimizes the number of errors and reduces many of the adverse effects associated with discrimination trainingErrorless Discrimination TrainingA behavioral response to an aversive event that is reinforced by the termination of the aversive eventEscape ResponseA response to a feared stimulus that prevents an aversive event. Ex: calling dentist to rescheduleActive Avoidance ResponseA contingency in which the absence of responding leads to prevention of an aversive event. Ex: disregarding the reminder to go to the dentist and just not goingPassive Avoidance ResponseType of consequence that serves to motivate escape behavior and avoidance behaviorNegative ReinforcementWhat are the two processes involved in Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidanceClassical Conditioning & Instrumental or Operant ResponseFundamental in development and maintenance of phobic behaviorAvoidance LearningWhat has been an effective treatment for OCDExposure Response ConditionSkinner concluded that punishing a responseTemporarily reduces the frequency of the responsePaying a momentary penalty is a negative punisher known asResponse CostBeing punched in the facePrimary PunisherGetting a fine for speedingSecondary PunisherWhat should consistently follow each occurence of the unwanted behaviorPunishmentActivity itself is punishing (over-excercising)Intrinsic PunishmentHappens after the behavior (EW.... picking your nose is gross!)Extrinsic PunishmentOn fixed ratio schedules what pauses and becomes longer as one stretches out the ratioPost-ReinforcementA decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive eventsLearned HelplessnessThe process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulusFading
