Nursing Fluid & Electrolytes

Hyponatremia S/S

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Terms in this set (17)

Hyponatremia S/S

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
Weakness
Lethargy
Confusion
Muscle cramps or twitching
Seizures

Hypernatremia S/S

Thirst
Elevated temperature
Dry mouth and sticky mucous membranes
If severe:
Hallucinations
Irritability
Lethargy
Seizures

Hypokalemia S/S

Fatigue
Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
Muscle weakness
Decreased GI motility
Dysrhythmias
Paresthesia
Flat T wave on ECG
Increased sensitivity to digitalis

Hyperkalemia S/S

"MURDER"
M= muscle weakness,
U= urine (oliguria/anuria),
R= respiratory depression
D= decreased cardiac contractility
E= ECG changes
R= reflexes

Potassium > 5.0

Hypocalcemia S/S

C.A.T.S.
C - Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T - Tetany
S - Spasms and stridor

Calcium < 9

Hypercalcemia S/S

Muscle weakness
Constipation
Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
Polyuria and polydipsia
Kidney stones
Bizarre behavior
Bradycardia

Hypomagnesemia S/S

Neuromuscular irritability
Disorientation
Mood changes
Dysrhythmias
Increased sensitivity to digitalis

Hypermagnesemia S/S

Flushing and warmth of skin
Hypotension
Drowsiness, lethargy
Hypoactive reflexes
Depressed respirations
Bradycardia

Hyponatremia causes

*Excess sodium loss through N-V-D, skin and kidneys
*Excess diuretic dosage
Liver Failure CHF
*Increased hypotonic IV fluids

Hypernatremia causes

Dehydration-fluid loss through N-V-D (water loss in excess of salt loss) or excessive sweating Diabetes-DKA *Fever