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Physical Education- Acute Responses to PA

Terms in this set (41)

How is an acute physiological response different to a chronic adaptation?
An acute response is a temporary change, where as a chronic adaptation is more permanent.
An acute response appears as soon as exercises commences and finishes when it stops, whereas a chronic adaptation occurs over time as a result of extended training periods, and lasts until detraining occurs.
Why do acute responses occur?
To help the body meet the energy requirements of the exercise- to increase the amount of oxygen and energy substrates getting to the muscles.
Acute response levels
respiratory
cardiovascular
Muscular
Tidal Volume. Average value at rest.
The amount of air breathed in and out per breath. Half a litre.
Respiration Rate. Average Value.
The amount of breaths taken per minute. 13-15.
Ventilation. Average Value.
Amount of air breathed in and out per minute. 6L.
Calculation for Ventilation
Respiration rate X tidal volume.
Pulmonary Diffusion
The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the capillaries.
Max V02
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in, transported and used by the muscles in 1 minute.
What Units is VO2 max?
mls/kg/minute
What is the average Max VO2 for an active young male?
45-50ml/kg/minute
What is the average Max VO2 for a young active female?
40-45ml/kg/minute
Why do males have a bigger Max VO2?
Males have bigger lungs, bigger hearts and generally bigger bodies.
What is the job of the Cardiovascular System?
To transport oxygen to the muscles and remove carbon dioxide
Stroke Volume. Average value at rest?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart each time it beats. 80-110ml
Heart Rate. Average value at rest?
Amount of the times the heart beats per minute. 50-85bpm
Cardiac Output. Average value at rest?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute. 6L.
Equation for calculating Cardiac Output.
Stroke Volume X heart rate
What happens to an athletes resting HR after months of aerobic training? Why?
It decreases, because the training causes the size of the heart to increase, meaning the left ventricle gets bigger and is therefore able to pump more blood per beat so it doesn't have to beat as often.
Systolic Blood Pressure
The pressure on the aorta walls when the left ventricle contracts.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The pressure on the aorta walls between contractions
Venous Return
The return of blood to the heart via veins
Why does venous return increase when some starts to exercise?
Because cardiac output increases as a result of exercise, so if venous return doesn't increase as well there wont be any blood in the left ventricle to pump to the muscles
What % of blood goes to the muscles at rest?
15-20%
What % of blood goes to the working muscles during exercise?
80-90%
Describe the two mechanisms that allow redirection of blood flow?
Vasodilation of the arterioles taking blood to the working muscles.

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles taking blood away from the inactive organs.
AVO2 diff. Average Value at rest.
The difference in oxygen levels between the arteries and the veins, or how much oxygen is taken up by the muscles. 6ml.
Why does AVO2 diff increase during exercise?
So that the muscles can receive more oxygen and use it to rebuild ATP so the muscles can keep contracting.
How much can AVO2 diff?
It can triple
Why does blood plasma decrease during exercise?
The water from the plasma is lost through sweating, this happens to cool the body down.
Energy Substrates
Fuels, chemical or food that are used by the energy systems to rebuild ATP.
examples of energy substates
pc, glycogen, fats
What energy systems are dominant during oxygen deficit?
ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolisis
What happens to a persons lactate levels when oxygen deficit occurs? Why?
Increase. Because they are using their anaerobic glycolisis system, and lactate is a bi product.
What are the 3 by products of aerobic glycolisis system?
heat, water, carbon dioxide
Lactate inflection point?
The point beyond which lactate production exceeds lactate removal.
How can an athlete raise their LIP?
By doing lots of aerobic training, but at an intensity close to their LIP.
What is the advantage to an athlete if they have a higher LIP?
they can work at higher intensities for longer without hydrogen ions building up causing fatigue.
How do you calculate max heart rate?
220 minus your age
List 3 muscular responses to exercise?
decreased energy substrates
muscle temp increases
blood flow increases
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