Quiz Questions for Exam 2

According to the film shown in class, in which adults "remembered" words that were not presented on a list, the false memories ___ (Quiz 7)
a) Were represented by the brain the same as true memories
b) Did not leave traces in the sensory areas of the brain
c) Were mostly due to interference from stress hormones
d) Lit up different areas of the association cortex
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According to the film shown in class, in which adults "remembered" words that were not presented on a list, the false memories ___ (Quiz 7)
a) Were represented by the brain the same as true memories
b) Did not leave traces in the sensory areas of the brain
c) Were mostly due to interference from stress hormones
d) Lit up different areas of the association cortex
b) Did not leave traces in the sensory areas of the brain
A mother and her 9 year old daughter are walking down a street. Without any warning, a man steps in front of them. He grabs the woman's purse and flees. The mother does not see the thief's face, but her child does and identifies the suspect from a lineup that same day. Should we believe the daughter's testimony? Why or why not? (Quiz 7)
a) Yes, because she is the only witness
b) No, because we cannot count of her ability to recognize faces
c) No, because she is too young to testify in court
d) Yes, because children of this age should be able to recognize faces very well
d) Yes, because children of this age should be able to recognize faces very well
Which of the following is associated with "holistic" processing? (Quiz 7)
a) In inability to see ambiguous figures as ambiguous
b) Classification by overall similarity
c) Difficulty findings one figure inside another figure
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Infantile or childhood amnesia __ (Quiz 7)
a) Occurs in nearly all children under 3 years of age
b) Is a rare disorder that leads to autism
c) Usually clears up by 2 years of age
d) Disappears with the emergence of language
a) Occurs in nearly all children under 3 years of age
Which memory system is associated with infantile amnesia? (Quiz 7)
a) Semantic
b) Episodic
c) Procedural
d) Implicit
b) Episodic
Which of the following sources of gossip was found to lead to the most false reports among preschoolers? (Quiz 7)
a) Parents
b) Teachers
c) Classmates
d) All of the above influence equally
c) Classmates
Based on the information in your text book on media usage, what is the youngest age at which you would expect a child to benefit from educational TV programs? (Quiz 7)
a) 24 months
b) 18 months
c) 12 months
d) 6 months
a) 24 months
Which of the following is TRUE regarding childhood amnesia? (Quiz 7)
a) Stimuli children encounter when they are 2, 3, or 4 are often recalled with above chance levels of accuracy
b) People recall less from the period when the 2-5 years old than from other times in their lives
c) Lack of episodic memory from childhood may be linked to development of the prefrontal cortex
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Children's concepts appear to be organized in a hierarchical manner. In relation to the word chair, furniture refers to a __ level concept, and rocking chair refers to a __ level concept (Quiz 8)
a) Superordinate; subordinate
b) Basic; superordinate
c) Basic; subordinate
d) Subordinate; superordinate
a) Superordinate; subordinate
Which of the following is TRUE regarding theory of mind in children? (Quiz 8)
a) Theory of mind does not emerge until after preschool
b) The development of theory of mind is related to development in other cognitive domains such as executive function
c) Theory of mind must be learned in a formal classroom setting
d) Theory of mind is modulated within the first year of life by mirror neurons in the brain
b) The development of theory of mind is related to development in other cognitive domains such as executive function
The hippocampus is located in the __ (Quiz 8) a) Frontal lobe b) Temporal lobe c) Parietal lobe d) Occipital lobeb) Temporal lobeThe temporal lobe is involved in __ (Quiz 8) a) Declarative memory b) Language comprehension c) Consolidation of information from short to long term memory d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveUsing false-belief tasks, researchers have examined children's responses in scenarios in which a treat is hidden such that only the child and the experimenter know its location. When asked where a third person, who saw the treat's original location but does not know where the treat is hidden, will look for the treat, most 3 year olds will say that the person will __ (Quiz 8) a) Look for the treat where it is actually hidden b) Look for the treat at its original location c) Ask the child for the location of the treat d) Look for the treat everywhere in the rooma) Look for the treat where it is actually hiddenMarcy knows that all animals reproduce. She also knows that a worm is an animal. When asked if worms reproduce, she confidently states that they must if they are animals. Marcy is making a/n __ (Quiz 8) a) Deductive inference b) Inductive inference c) Inductive leap d) A good guessa) Deductive inferenceThe phenomenon in which people think that objects that share the same name (e.g., two fish) also have similar internal features is called __ (Quiz 8) a) Thematic essentialism b) Taxonomic essentialism c) Prototype essentialism d) Nominal essentialismd) Nominal essentialismThe primacy effect refers to the fact that __ (Quiz 8) a) Items at the beginning of the list are more likely to be remembered than items in the middle of the list b) Items presented at the end of the list are better remembered than items presented earlier c) People are more likely to remember items that are most important or personally relevant d) Items presented at the end of a list are usually remembered firsta) Items at the beginning of the list are more likely to be remembered than items in the middle of the listAccording to the study by Bryant and Trabasso discussed in class, the authors of that study argued that young children failed to make transitive inferences because __ (Quiz 9) a) They could not put objects in order b) They could not coordinate relations c) They could not mentally represent objects d) They could not remember the information in the premised) They could not remember the information in the premiseA pre-operational child is shown an array of four dogs and three cats. Then the child is asked, "Are there more dogs or animals?" The child is most likely to say that there are __ (Quiz 9) a) About equal numbers of dogs and cats b) More animals c) More dogs d) More catsc) More dogsWhich of the following attentional networks is thought to be responsible for directing a child's attention toward a specific stimulus? (Quiz 9) a) Alerting network b) Executive network c) Orienting network d) Default mode networkc) Orienting networkWhich of the following is FALSE regarding working memory and attention in middle childhood? (Quiz 9) a) Working memory capacity is related to academic achievement b) Children often improve their academic performance by practicing working memory tasks c) By age 9, inhibitory control is almost adult-like d) Children gain the ability to form long-term memories for significant events between 3 and 4 years of agec) By age 9, inhibitory control is almost adult-likeWhich of the following is NOT a phase in the decision-making process? (Quiz 9) a) Asking for guidance b) Making a choice c) Setting goals d) Gathering informationa) Asking for guidanceBy which age do children begin to apply object properties (e.g., is red) to mostly physical objects and event properties (e.g., is three hours long) only to events? (Quiz 9) a) 4 years b) kindergarten c) Second grade d) Fourth graded) Fourth gradeWhich of the following events, if experienced at least 2 years of age, is LEAST likely to be remembered? (Quiz 9) a) The birth of a younger sibling b) Hospitalization c) Death of a family member d) Family movec) Death of a family memberThe ability to remember people's faces from other races versus from one's own race improves dramatically from 9 to 12 years of age (Quiz 9) True or FalseFalseWhich of the following is FALSE about the human history of learning and education? (Quiz 10) a) For as far back as we know, children have been exposed to formal education in schools. b) Information about making tools, hunting, and farming was passed from one generation to the next for thousands of years.. c) The oral tradition was exclusively used until about 5,000 years ago. d) Formal public education for all children began about 200 years ago.a) For as far back as we know, children have been exposed to formal education in schools.English has a/n ______ writing system. (Quiz 10) a) Alphabetic b) Syllabic c) Logographic d) Hieroglyphica) AlphabeticWhich of the following is FALSE regarding learning by observation? (Quiz 10) a) The goal of learning by observation is for a child to imitate or directly reproduce a task that they see. b) Children can learn by observing, even if the adult does not have an explicit intention to "teach" them. c) Community structure can influence how many opportunities a child has to learn by observation. d) Learning by observation can be supported by speech.a) The goal of learning by observation is for a child to imitate or directly reproduce a task that they see.TRUE OR FALSE: According to Paradise and Rogoff, learning by participation and observation has fewer instances of "failure" than learning in a school setting. (quiz 10)TrueWhich of the following is true about informal education? (Quiz 10) a) It most often takes place outside of the classroom. b) It is typically described as education that individuals engage in "naturally", and includes learning by participation and observation. c) It involves the communities and cultures in which a child lives. d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveIn learning by observation and pitching in, learners are expected to ___ (Quiz 10) a) pay attention and utilize keen perception b) take initiative to complete socially meaningful tasks c) pitch in with or without explicit guidance d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveThe hardest task for American children learning to read is to break up _____ (Quiz 10) a) sentences into phrases b) phrases into words c) words into syllables d) words into phonemesd) words into phonemesOne of the best predictors of whether children learn to read is whether they ______ in kindergarten. (Quiz 10) a) can write their names b) can name and identify the letters of the alphabet c) can sing the ABCs song d) have memorized a small set of words that can read by sightb) can name and identify the letters of the alphabet