A&P 1 Ch 11 & 12

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Temporal summation of graded potentials occurs when several postsynaptic potentials arrive close to the same time from several different presynaptic neurons.
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Terms in this set (32)
Temporal summation of graded potentials occurs when several postsynaptic potentials arrive close to the same time from several different presynaptic neurons.
False
An IPSP produces a graded hyperpolarization at the postsynaptic membrane.
True
All of the following are TRUE regarding neurotransmitters except


b. Removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft is not essential
a. Neurotransmitters can be degraded by enzymes


d. Neurotransmitters can diffuse away from the synaptic cleft


c. Neurotransmitters can be taken up by other cells in the vicinity of the synapse
b
The effect of a neurotransmitter (excitatory versus inhibitory) on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the properties of the neurotransmitter, not on the properties of the receptor.
False
"Type A" axons are small, unmyelinated fibers that conduct impulses at approximately 2 meters per second.
False
Characteristics of electrical synapses include speedy communication and bidirectional flow of ions.
True
Continuous conduction of action potentials is slower and less efficient than saltatory conduction. One of the reasons for this is that more membrane surface area must be depolarized during continuous conduction, which requires expending more ATP to restore resting conditions.
True
The __________ refractory period occurs when Na+ channels are either open or inactivated, before their return to their resting state. No Na+ can cross the membrane during this time.
absolute
Which of the following is FALSE?
Different voltages across the cell membrane are responsible for opening or closing various ion channels, allowing their ions to cross into the ECF or cytosol.
Threshold potential (-55mV) represents the level of membrane graded/local depolarization that would be sufficient to trigger the opening of voltage regulated sodium channels.
No matter how strong or weak the initial stimulus, once threshold is reached, an action potential will occur- and all action potentials have the same magnitude.
Graded potentials cannot increase the polarity of a cell membrane. They're only able to depolarize the membrane in order to attempt to reach threshold.
Graded potentials cannot increase the polarity of a cell membrane. They're only able to depolarize the membrane in order to attempt to reach threshold.
Hyperpolarization is an increase in the membrane potential of a neuron (the interior of the cell becomes more negative), which reduces the probability of producing a action potential.
True
In a _________________ neural circuit, several neurons relay information to a single neuron.convergingA toxin that increases the release of neurotransmitter at synapses or the prevents the closing of postsynaptic sodium channels would lead to the overstimulation of the postsynaptic neuron.TrueWhich of these is controlled by the nervous system? skeletal muscle movement all of these are controlled by the nervous system thermoregulation heart rate ventilation rateAllThe somatic sensory division of the PNS is responsible for transmitting information from _________ to the _________. skeletal muscles / brain kidneys / brain brain / adrenal glands spinal cord / brainskeletal muscles/brain________ are responsible for myelination in the CNS, while _________ are responsible for myelination in the PNS. ependymal cells / oligodendrocytes neuroglia / neurons Schwann cells / satellite cells oligodendrocytes / Schwann cells microglia / astrocytesoligodendrocytes / Schwann cellsWhich neuroglia (glial cell) is responsible for "scanning" their area of the CNS and can develop phagocytic properties if they encounter an invader or cellular debris?microgliaWhich of the following is FALSE? a. Broca's area regulates the tongue movements needed for normal speech. b. The parietal association area is responsible for an individual's personality c. The cerebellum integrates motor error into current motor programs d. An individual with a damaged speech center can make sounds but not coherent sentences. e. Wernicke's area is involved in understanding written and spoken language.bWhich of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? a. cerebellum b. pons c. midbrain d. medulla oblongata e. all of the above are part of the brain stemaWhich of the following is NOT regulated by centers in the medulla oblongata? a. swallowing b. sleeping c. sneezing d. vomiting e. coughingbMatch the following anatomical regions with their functional designations. olfactory cortex primary motor cortex visual cortex primary sensory cortexolfactory cortex - found in the temporal lobe primary motor cortex - in the precentral gyrus visual cortex - found in the occipital lobe primary sensory cortex - in the postcentral gyrusMatch the following cerebral regions with their functions: primary somatosensory cortex gustatory cortex primary motor cortex somatosensory association areaprimary somatosensory cortex - receives sensory information from touch, temperature, and pressure receptors. gustatory cortex - receives sensory information from taste receptors. primary motor cortex - directs voluntary movement. somatosensory association area - performs further processing of information from the primary sensory cortex.Match the following tracts in the cerebrum with their functions: projection fibers association fibers commissural fibers(partially right) projection fibers - short fibers connecting one cerebral gyrus with another association fibers - link the cerbral cortex with other areas of the brain and spinal cord commissural fibers - communication between the cerebral hemispheresThe basal nuclei, located within the diencephalon of the brain, is composed of white matter.FalseThe final relay point for most ascending sensory information (but not olfactory information) that will be projected to the higher centers of the cortex is the ______________. thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus sub-thalamusthalmusThe hormone _______________ is produced by the pineal gland of the diencephalon.melatoninWhich of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a. conscious control of skeletal muscle movement b. regulation of body temperature c. secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland d. coordination of activities of the endocrine and nervous systems e. regulation of thirst and hungeraThe visual association area allows you to a. see your mother's face b. understand that it's your mother's face, not some other person c. kiss your mother's face d. feel the kissbWhich of the following is FALSE? a. Broca's area regulates the tongue movements needed for normal speech. b. The parietal association area is responsible for an individual's personality c. The cerebellum integrates motor error into current motor programs d. An individual with a damaged speech center can make sounds but not coherent sentences. e. Wernicke's area is involved in understanding written and spoken language.bThe limbic system is a functional grouping of structures that plays a role in establishing emotional states and facilitating memory storage and retrieval.TrueThe substantia nigra is a darkly pigmented region of the midbrain whose neurons release the neurotransmitter serotonin.FalseMatch the following cerebellar terms with their definitions. folia vermis arbor vitae pedunclesfolia - ridges on cortical surfaces vermis - structure that connects right and left hemispheres arbor vitae - white matter peduncles - connection to brain stemWhich meningeal layer creates the falx cerebri?dura mater