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section 8 psych

Terms in this set (58)

which of the following best explains why middle adulthood starts later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s
people today have healthier lifestyles
which of the following is a consistent finding regarding age identity
as adults become older their age identity is younger than their chronological age
compared with earlier and later periods middle age is influenced most by ________ and biological factors
sociocultural
many experts on middle adulthood describe the age period 55-65 as
late midlife
compared with middle age which of the following best describe late middle age for many individuals
losses may begin to outnumber gains
in patricia cohens analysis which of the following has fueled the emergence of thinking about middle age
advances in health and more people living to older ages
which of the following is a reason for the decrease in height with age advancement
bone loss in the vertabrae
age-related loss of muscle strength is especially marked in
the back and legs
what is the most common change in the sleep patterns of adults during the middle age years
there is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep
Sandra is turning 50 this year at this age she can expect certain age related conditions to affect her such as loss of strength in her legs and back and difficulty in viewing objects and hearing clearly of the vision related issues that affect individuals which of the following is sandra most likely to experience because of her age
difficulty viewing close objects
_____ refers to the midlife transition in which fertility declines.
climacteric
compared with men women have a higher incidence of _______ disorders in middle adulthood
nonfatal chronic
fluid intelligence is the ability to
reason abstractly
crystalized intelligence iis
an individuals accumulated information and verbal skills
John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase.
crystalized
according to john horn, _________ steadily declines from middle adulthood onward
fluid intelligence
______ refers to the ability to understand ideas expressed in words
verbal comprehension
The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of:
peak performance for verbal ability
according to denise park much of the blame for declining memory in late middle age goes to
information overload that builds up over the adult years
according to cognitive aging expert denise park the slowdown in learning new info has been linked to changes in
working memory
Margie Lachman and her colleagues argue that having a _____ is one of the most important modifiable factors in delaying the onset of diseases in middle adulthood and reducing the frequency of diseases in late adulthood.
sense of control in middle age
drawing on beliefs values and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation is known as
meaning-making coping
which of the following is true regarding spirituality
women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men
no question
decline in working memory is more likely to occur when individuals do not use effective memory strategies such as organization and imagery
according to viktor frankl the three most distinct human qualities are freedom responsibility and
spirituality
which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle ages
use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered
Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs argue that a meaningful life can be understood in terms of four main needs meaning, including which of the following?
the need for values
based on the work of roy baumeister and kathleen vohs which of the following is true of the need for efficacy
this need involves the belief that one can make a difference
Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant conflict that he referred to as
generativity versus stagnation
in eriksons theory, _______ encompasses adults desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation
generativity
As he looks back over his life, Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed, and that he lost too much valuable time with his children. If he could do it over again, he would work less and spend more time with his children. According to Erikson, Chris is experiencing some degree of _____.
stagnation
according to levinson which of the following should occur at the end of one's teens
a transition from dependence to independence
according to levinson the transition from dependence to independence is marked by the
formation of a dream.
What did Levinson's research conclude about women in midlife transition?
The stages and transitions Levinson describes, and the crisis of middle age, hold for women as well as men.
identify a major task that must be mastered in early adulthood according to levinson
Developing a stable life structure
according to levinson the ______ rests on how effectively an individual reduces the polarities in four major conflicts and accepts each of them as an integral part of their being
success of midlife transition
George Vaillant concludes that _____ is a time for detecting parental flaws and discovering the truth about childhood
adolescence
which of the following is a major difference between levinsons and valliants views on midlife
Unlike Levinson, Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience a midlife crisis.
the _______ life events approach emphasizes that how life event's influence an individual's development depends not only on the life even itself but also on mediating factors
contemporary
Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:
have been exaggerated.
researchers have found that on average a sense of personal control peaks in _________ and then declines
midlife
________ theory is most similar to the contemporary life events approach in highlighting the importance of the complex setting of people lives
bronfenbrenners
according to neugarten _______ provide guides for our lives
social clocks
Which of the following statements is true of cultural contexts of adulthood
in many cultures especially non industrialized cultures the concept of middle age is not very clear and in some cases absent
most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occur in
early adulthood
________ has been found to be related to superior cognitive functioning achievement and IQ across the life span (briley, domiteux, & tucker-drob, 2014)
openness to experience
The researchers in the Mills College Study concluded that rather than being in a midlife crisis, the women were experiencing _____.
a midlife consciousness
based on george vailiants longitudinal studies, _________ in middle age is more strongly related then intimacy to whether individuals will have an enduring and happy marriage at 75-80
generativity
in the longitudinal studies by george valiant, one of the factors at age 50 that was linked with being in the "happy-well" category of 75-80 was
being future orientated
the ________ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality
cumulative personality
what are the two major forms of love
romantic and affectionate
The practice of helicopter parenting has been shown to be linked to which of the following?
increased perceived competence in transitioning to adulthood
Parents who remove obstacles and stressors for their children, thereby letting them learn how to make decisions and develop coping strategies of their own, have been referred to in recent research as _____ parents.
lawnmower
the majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are
close
Which of the following statements is true regarding sibling relationships
it is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood
middle adulthood is referred to as the "sandwich" generation because
middle aged adults may have to care for their elderly parents as well as their own adolescent children
according to research on inter generational relationships in which of the following ways is an adult child most likely to be similar to his or her parents
in politics
In one study of gender differences in intergenerational relationships (Rossi, 1989), who were found to have the closest relationships in their adult years?
mothers and daughters
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