ELS PERSIAN

Persian Literature: Derives from Latin "_______" deriving from Greek "______________"

- one of the world's oldest literature
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Persian Literature: Derives from Latin "_______" deriving from Greek "______________"

- one of the world's oldest literature
Derives from Latin "Persia" deriving from Greek "Persis"

- one of the world's oldest literature
Persian Literature: In the bible it is referred as "Paras"
(within the books of Esther, Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah)
"Islamic Republic of Iran"
- Second largest country in Middle East

- South of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf

-Multicultural country-17th most populous country

-One of the world's oldest civilizations
PERSIA / IRAN:

Capital and largest City - _______
Government - _______ _______
Monetary unit - _______
PERSIA / IRAN:

Capital and largest City - Tehran
Government - Islamic Theocracy
Monetary unit - Rial
RELIGION:

633 AD- Indigenous faiths of _____________________ and _____________________

1501 - ___________ Islam as the official religion
RELIGION:

633 AD- Indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism

1501 - Shite Islam as the official religion
PERSIA LANGUAGES
PERSIA:

LANGUAGE
Khwarezmian language
Mazanderani language
Old Azeri language
Persian language
Perisna:

ARTS
Carpet-weaving, pottery, mosaic, miniature painting, calligraphy, music, textile design and illustrated manuscripts

CULTURE
Recognized, incorporated, adopted or celebrated
Perisna:

ARTS
Carpet-weaving, pottery, mosaic, miniature painting, calligraphy, music, textile design and illustrated manuscripts
CULTURE
Recognized, incorporated, adopted or celebrated
Not all Persian literature is written in Persian language, as some works written in ________ and ________
Not all Persian literature is written in Persian language, as some works written in Arabic and Greek
Not all literature written in Persian is written by Persians/Iranians as ________, ________ and ________ writers also used Persian language
Not all literature written in Persian is written by Persians/Iranians as Turkic, Caucasian and Indic writers also used Persian language
Main issue of Pre- Islamic culture was ________ and a kind of ________
Main issue of Pre- Islamic culture was wisdom and a kind of rationalism
PERSIA: ________________ and ________________ was a principle issuePERSIA: Goodness and evil was a principle issueClassical Persian poetry is always rhymedPERSIAN POETRY Gosan folk songs - ________________ traditions - A kind of Iranian minstrelsPERSIAN POETRY Gosan folk songs - Oral traditions - A kind of Iranian minstrelsQasidah or ode - Long poem in ________________ - Usually ________________, didactic or ________________ natureQasidah or ode - Long poem in monorhyme - Usually panegyric, didactic or religious natureDivan - Collection of poets ghazals and other verse arranged ________________ according to ________________Divan - Collection of poets ghazals and other verse arranged alphabetically according to rhymesGhazal (ode or lyric) - Poetic form consisting of rhyming ________________ and refrain - Poetic expression of both pain of ________________ or separation and the beauty of ________________ - Written by Persian ________________ and poetsGhazal (ode or lyric) - Poetic form consisting of rhyming couplet and refrain - Poetic expression of both pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love - Written by Persian mystics and poetsMasnavi - Written in rhyming couplets for ___________, romantic and narrative verse - A poem based on independent, ___________ rhyming lines - Followed a meter of ___________ or occasionally tenMasnavi - Written in rhyming couplets for heroic, romantic and narrative verse - A poem based on independent, internally rhyming lines - Followed a meter of eleven or occasionally tenRubaiyat - Poetry style - Used to describe Persian ___________ - Rhyming AABA, AAAA - Contains only ___________ lines - All lines rhyme, except the ___________ lineRubaiyat - Poetry style - Used to describe Persian quatrain - Rhyming AABA, AAAA - Contains only four lines - All lines rhyme, except the third lineEARLY LITERATURE Saada and ___________ - two poetic ___________ Hamdullah ___________ - produced notable works of history, geography, epic, the ZafarNameh or Book of ___________ Nasir ud-Din _______ - wrote about ___________ and logicEARLY LITERATURE Saada and Rumi - two poetic geniuses Hamdullah Mostofi - produced notable works of history, geography, epic, the ZafarNameh or Book of Victory Nasir ud-Din Tusi - wrote about philosophy and logic3 Stages of development in Persian short story: - ___________ period - Growth and ___________ Period - Period of ___________3 Stages of development in Persian short story: - Formative period - Growth and Development Period - Period of diversityFORMATIVE PERIOD Mohammad AliJamalzadehs - First writer of modern short stories - collections of "Yak-I Bud Yak-I Nabud" and "Gained Momentum"FORMATIVE PERIOD Mohammad AliJamalzadehs - First writer of modern short stories - collections of "Yak-I Bud Yak-I Nabud" and "Gained Momentum"FORMATIVE PERIOD Sadeq Hedayat - Introduced ___________ in Persian Literature "Buf-e kur" and "Haji Aqa" - masterpiece "Se Gathra-ye Khun" (Three drops of blood) "Zenda be Gur" (Buried Alive)FORMATIVE PERIOD Sadeq Hedayat - Introduced modernism in Persian Literature "Buf-e kur" and "Haji Aqa" - masterpiece "Se Gathra-ye Khun" (Three drops of blood) "Zenda be Gur" (Buried Alive)GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PERIOD Jalal Al-e Ahmad -Shows awareness of the new generation of ___________ world writers concerned with the problems of ___________ dominations by colonial powersGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PERIOD Jalal Al-e Ahmad -Shows awareness of the new generation of third world writers concerned with the problems of cultural dominations by colonial powersPERIOD OF DIVERSITY - Influence of the ___________ literature - New and modern approaches in writing specially in the ___________ stories - Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, Simin Behbahani, Aref Ghazvini and ShahriarPERIOD OF DIVERSITY - Influence of the western literature - New and modern approaches in writing specially in the short stories - Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, Simin Behbahani, Aref Ghazvini and ShahriarCLASSICAL PERSIAN POETRY Mohammad Taghi Bahar -"King of ___________" - Theme of his poets was ___________ and political situation of IranCLASSICAL PERSIAN POETRY Mohammad Taghi Bahar -"King of poets" - Theme of his poets was social and political situation of IranCLASSICAL PERSIAN POETRY Parvin Etesami - Greatest Persian ___________ - "Mast va Hoshyar"(The Drunk and the Sober) - Admired by those involved in ___________ poetryCLASSICAL PERSIAN POETRY Parvin Etesami - Greatest Persian Poetess - "Mast va Hoshyar"(The Drunk and the Sober) - Admired by those involved in romantic poetryMODERN PERSIAN POETRY Nima Yushij - "___________ of ___________ Persian poetry" -Introduces many techniques and forms to differentiate the modern from the old - ___________ poetryMODERN PERSIAN POETRY Nima Yushij - "Father of modern Persian poetry" -Introduces many techniques and forms to differentiate the modern from the old - Sepid poetryMODERN PERSIAN POETRY Ahmad Shamlu -Adopted ___________ methods and tried new techniques of ___________ poetry - Discovered the inner characteristics of poetry - Recognized the role of prose and ___________ hidden in the languageMODERN PERSIAN POETRY Ahmad Shamlu- Adopted Nima's methods and tried new techniques of modern poetry - Discovered the inner characteristics of poetry - Recognized the role of prose and music hidden in the languageForough Farrokhzadis -Among the ___________ generation to embrace new style of poetry - First ___________ who graphically articulate private ___________ landscapes from a woman's perspective - She transcended her own literary role and experimented w/ acting, painting and documentary film-makingForough Farrokhzadis -Among the first generation to embrace new style of poetry - First Iranian who graphically articulate private sexual landscapes from a woman's perspective - She transcended her own literary role and experimented w/ acting, painting and documentary film-makingHafiz - A term used by ___________ for people who have completely ___________ the Qur'anHafiz - A term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Qur'anHafiz - A Sufi ___________, expressed in poetry love for the ___________, the intoxicating oneness of union w/ it. Uses ___________ as symbol for love. Spoke out about the hypocrisy and ___________ that exists in societyHafiz - A Sufi poet, expressed in poetry love for the divine, the intoxicating oneness of union w/ it. Uses wine as symbol for love. Spoke out about the hypocrisy and deceit that exists in society"Muqaddame-ye Shahname-ye Abu Mansuri" -The oldest surviving work Persian literary - Written during the Samanid period - Deals with the myths and legends -The oldest example of Persian prose"Muqaddame-ye Shahname-ye Abu Mansuri" -The oldest surviving work Persian literary - Written during the Samanid period - Deals with the myths and legends -The oldest example of Persian prose