A&P1 Ch. 6 quiz

Which description of skeletal cartilage is INCORRECT?

-Articular cartilages cover the ends of most bones at moveable joints.
-Fibrocartilages are able to withstand both pressure and stretch.
-Elastic cartilages are able to tolerate repeated bending.
-Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.
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Terms in this set (43)
Which description of skeletal cartilage is INCORRECT?

-Articular cartilages cover the ends of most bones at moveable joints.
-Fibrocartilages are able to withstand both pressure and stretch.
-Elastic cartilages are able to tolerate repeated bending.
-Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.
Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.
When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called __________.

-calcification
-appositional growth
-interstitial growth
-hematopoiesis
interstitial growth
The main role of the axial skeleton is to help us manipulate our environment.

True or False
False
Which of the following statements regarding the skeleton is INCORRECT?

-The axial skeleton supports and protects internal organs.
-The appendicular skeleton allows us to move around.
-The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs.
-The appendicular skeleton includes the shoulder girdles.
The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs.
Bones do NOT have a role in __________.

-fat storage
-movement
-waste removal
-support
-blood cell formation
waste removal
Which of the following cells are NOT matched with their appropriate function?

-osteocytes; produce new bone cells.
-bone lining cells; maintain bone matrix
-osteoblasts; create new bone matrix
-osteoclasts; bone resorption
osteocytes; produce new bone cells.

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that monitor and repair mature bone tissues.
The collagen fibers of the osteoid make the overall bone matrix stronger by allowing it to resist bending and twisting forces.

True or False
True
Osteoblasts __________.

-maintain bone matrix
-secrete osteoid
-form skeletal cartilage
-break down bone
secrete osteoid
Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT?

-Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions.
-Bone lining cells are flat cells found on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not going on.
-Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts.
-Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins.
Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts.
Which event has to precede all others during endochondral ossification?

-A nutrient artery invades the diaphysis. -
An epiphyseal plate is formed.
-Bone trabeculae appear in the epiphyses.
-A cartilage model of the bone is formed.
A cartilage model of the bone is formed.
Which statement regarding osteons is FALSE? -Osteons consist of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal. -The inorganic matrix of an osteon gives it the ability to resist compression. -Osteons are found in all bone tissues -Collagen gives osteons the ability to resist twisting forces.Osteons are found in all bone tissuesFlat bones consist of a thin plate of spongy bone, called diploë, sandwiched between two layers of compact bone. True or FalseTrueWhich of the following statements is true? -PTH will increase calcium deposits in the bone matrix. -By the age of 21, the width of the bones stops changing. -Hormones determine where remodeling occurs within the skeleton. -After the age of 21, most people will not experience longitudinal growth of bones.After the age of 21, most people will not experience longitudinal growth of bones.Which of the following statements is true? -Most bones in the body are formed by intramembranous ossification. -Endochondral ossification occurs within fibrous connective tissue membranes. -Endochondral ossification leads to the formation of the clavicles and cranial bones. -During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone.During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone.During infancy and childhood, the most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is __________. -testosterone -estrogen -growth hormone -thyroid hormonesgrowth hormoneWhich hormone is NOT matched with its correct function? -osteocalcin; helps regulate glucose metabolism -growth hormone; lengthens long bones -PTH; indirectly stimulates osteoclast activity -calcitonin; increases blood calcium levelscalcitonin; increases blood calcium levelsWhich of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling? -glucagon -parathyroid hormone -low blood Ca2+ concentration -mechanical stressglucagonWhich of the following are correctly matched? -linear fracture; the break is perpendicular to the bone's long axis -compound fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin -incomplete fracture; the bone is broken through -nondisplaced fracture; the fractured bone ends are misalignedcompound fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skinThe correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is __________. -hematoma formation, soft callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling -bony callus formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bone remodeling -hematoma formation, hard callus formation, bone remodeling, and fibrocartilaginous callus formation -bone remodeling, hematoma formation, soft callus formation, and hard callus formationhematoma formation, soft callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodelingWhich of the following pairings is correct? -rickets; deficiency of vitamin A -osteoporosis; increased bone density -osteomalacia; excessive mineralization of the bone -Paget's disease; excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorptionPaget's disease; excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorptionWhich statement regarding the classification of bones is FALSE? -Sesamoid bones form within certain tendons. -Long bones include all limb bones except the patella. -The sternum is an example of a flat bone. -Irregular bones include the vertebrae and hip bones.Long bones include all limb bones except the patella.Which of the following is a site for a muscle or ligament attachment? -sinus -trochanter -foramen -groovetrochanterWhat is the weakest part of a developing, adolescent long bone? -the epiphyses -the diaphysis -the medullary cavity -the epiphyseal platethe epiphyseal plateCartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilageWhich of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? communication production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) support storage of mineralscommunicationWhich statement regarding the classification of bones is FALSE? -Irregular bones include the vertebrae and hip bones. -Sesamoid bones form within certain tendons. -The sternum is an example of a flat bone. -Long bones include all limb bones except the patella.Long bones include all limb bones except the patella.Choose which bone marking type would likely increase in size when a weight lifter repeatedly exercises muscles that attach to it. Choose which bone marking type would likely increase in size when a weight lifter repeatedly exercises muscles that attach to it. -trochanter -meatus -fossa -foramentrochanterChoose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient. -head of humerus -frontal bone -medullary cavity of femur -hip bonehip boneChoose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone. -perforating (Volkmann's) canals -central canals -nutrient foramens -canaliculicanaliculiSpongy bone contains ________. -trabeculae -osseous lamellae -lamellar bone -osteonstrabeculaeThe resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following? -sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules -amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone -amount of mineral salts in the bone -presence of osteoblasts in the bonesacrificial bonds in or between collagen moleculesA homeostatic imbalance that activates these bone cells would lead to a loss of bone density. -osteoblasts -chondroblasts -osteoclasts -osteocytesosteoclastsWhich of the following contributes most directly to the hardness of bones? periosteum hydroxyapatite osteoid articular cartilagehydroxyapatiteWhat tissue forms the model for endochondral ossification? fibrous membrane cartilage fascia bonecartilageIn the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________. -from the edges inward -by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis -by pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis -in a circular fashionby pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysisWhich structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood? epiphyseal plate osteon lacuna epiphyseal lineepiphyseal plateWhat can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause? -inadequate calcification of bone -increased osteoclast activity -decreased epiphyseal plate activity -decreased osteoclast activitydecreased epiphyseal plate activityWhat controls bone remodeling? -mechanical stress and hormones -the nervous system and hormones -mechanical stress and diet -hormones and dietmechanical stress and hormonesYour patient is returning for follow-up 6 weeks after sustaining a nondisplaced fracture of his radius. He tells you that his forearm is no longer painful, but he is concerned that he can palpate a "lump" in the bone at the site of the healing fracture. What is your response? -"That bump is a normal part of bone healing at this stage. As your body completes the process, the cells in your bone will gradually remodel it to its previous shape." -"The lump means that the fracture was not set properly. I'm -concerned that the ends of the fracture aren't properly aligned." -"That lump may be a sign of infection. We need to obtain cultures from the site." -"I'm concerned that your bone is not healing properly. Let's ask the doctor about doing some X-rays.""That bump is a normal part of bone healing at this stage. As your body completes the process, the cells in your bone will gradually remodel it to its previous shape."You are counseling a patient with osteoporosis about strategies for avoiding fractures. Which of the following comments would NOT be appropriate? -"Adequate protein in your diet will help to keep your bones strong." -"You should avoid weight-bearing exercise and strength training because these types of exercise will further weaken your bones." -"Be sure to consistently take any calcium and vitamin D supplements prescribed by your provider." -"Weight-bearing exercises like walking and strength training for your muscles will help to strengthen your bones.""You should avoid weight-bearing exercise and strength training because these types of exercise will further weaken your bones."Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women? -abnormal PTH receptors -poor posture -heritage such as African or Mediterranean -estrogen deficiency due to menopauseestrogen deficiency due to menopauseThe structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses? -irregular bone -compact bone -spongy bone -trabecular bonecompact boneCranial bones develop ________. -within osseous membranes -from a tendon -from cartilage models -within fibrous membraneswithin fibrous membranes