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ocean test 3

Terms in this set (131)

The ________ province approximately encompasses the continental shelf.
subneritic
Marine species represent only ________ of the total number of known species on Earth.
13%
Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the kingdom ________.
animalia
Which of the following is a phytoplankton?
Dinoflagellates
Which of the following is a feature of a submerging shoreline?
Drowned beaches
There is destructive interference between the lunar and solar tidal bulges during ________ tides.
neap
Organisms with small bodies, extremely large mouths, and sharp teeth are likely to be found in the ________.
bathypelagic zone
An example of a coastal plain estuary is the ________.
Chesapeake Bay
The Moon cycles between perigee, apogee, and back to perigee every ________.
27.5 days
The vertical difference between consecutive high and low tides is called the ________.
tidal range
The part of the shore that represents the water's edge and migrates back and forth with the tide is known as the ________.
shoreline
The longshore current generally flows which direction along both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the United States?
Southward
The tide-generating force varies ________.
inversely with the cube of the distance between the objects
Which of the following is not one of the three domains, or "superkingdoms," of life?
Protista
The ________ extends inland from the shore as far as ocean-related features can be found.
coast
An area that experiences semidiurnal tides will have ________.
two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily
Isostatic movement of a coastline might occur due to ________.
the removal of a large glacier that rested in that area
Which U.S. coast is considered an emerging shoreline?
Pacific coast
Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by ________.
(temperature variations with latitude and depth
changes in salinity
differences in water pressure with depth)
All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
Which of the following is an example of hard stabilization?
Seawalls
Which of the following estuaries forms when sea level rises and floods an existing river valley?
Coastal Plain Estuary
About ________ of marine debris comes from land-based sources, and the majority of that is plastics.
80%
Large deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers are called ________.
deltas
How many known marine species have been catalogued by taxonomists at the World Register of Marine Species?
Between 200,000 and 250,000
Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion?
All of these are used to try to prevent or retard shoreline erosion.
A spring tide ________.
has very high high tides and very low low tides
The upper half of the ________ zone is the only place in the ocean where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis.
epipelagic
The process of water molecules moving through semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution is called ________.
osmosis
The Kingdom ________ includes diverse collection of single-celled and multicelled organisms that have a nucleus.
Protista
Scientists have determined that the minimum level of methylmercury consumption that causes poisoning symptoms is ________ per day.
0.3 milligrams
Which of the following kinds of ocean pollution is an example of point source pollution?
Cooling water from a shoreline power plant
Which of the following is a zooplankton?
Radiolarian
The two most significant human sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are ________.
normal oil tanker/shipping operations and urban run-off
In the United States, mixed tides commonly occur along ________.
the Pacific coast
Most marine animals have specially designed fibrous respiratory organs called ________ that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with seawater.
gills
Which of the following kingdoms includes 100,000 species of mold and lichen?
Fungi
An area that experiences diurnal tides will have ________.
one high tide and one low tide daily
A strong ________ may develop from surface water being warmed during the summer and cooled during the winter.
thermocline
When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton often ________.
are larger in size
Sewage treated at a facility typically undergoes ________.
primary treatment
The U.S. National Academy of Sciences estimate that ________ of litter enters the world's oceans each year.
13 billion pounds
Which of the following properties makes plastic an increasingly abundant component of oceanic flotsam and very damaging to the marine environment?
They are durable causing them to last almost indefinitely.
Which of the following domains has cells that house DNA in a discrete nucleus and contain structures that supply energy to build the cell and maintain its functions?
Eukarya
Octopuses, crabs, and sea urchins are classified as which of the following?
Nektobenthos
Which of the following associations is correct?
(Kingdom Fungi-phytoplankton
Kingdom Plantae-blue-green algae
Kingdom Eubacteria-bacteria in hydrothermal vents
Correct Answer Kingdom Animalia-sponges
Kingdom Protista-mushrooms)

Kingdom Animalia-sponges
A linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a ________.
spit
Most marine species are found in the ________.
benthic environment
Which of the following is not a benthos organism?
(Mussel
Annelid worm
Barnacles
Correct Answer Bluefin tuna)
Bluefin tuna
Humans are part of which of the following domains?
Eukarya
The ________ zone includes all the deepest parts of the ocean below 4000 meters.
abyssopelagic
Which of the following is not an erosional feature?
(Marine terraces
Sea arches
Sea stacks
Cliffs
Correct Answer Spits)

Spits
Which of the following is found at a depositional shore?
(Sea caves
Correct Answer Deltas
Sea arches
Headlands
Wave-cut cliffs)

Deltas
________ is a group of simple, microscopic, bacteria-like creatures that includes methane producers and sulfur oxidizers that inhabit deep-sea vents.
Archaea
Which of the following types of plankton can photosynthesize and produce its own food?
Phytoplankton
Eustatic changes in sea level might include ________.
increased glacial melting due to the global warming
The section of the coast that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide is called the ________.
foreshore
Maximum tides occur once every ________ years when Earth is closest to the Sun, the Moon is closest to the Earth and the Earth-Moon-Sun system is aligned.
1600
In which year was the Clean Water Act established?
1972
The internal organ illustrated in the diagram allows the fish to adapt to changes in ________.
pressure
When the tides appear to move water away from shore it is called ________.
Ebb tide
Which of the following is a feature of an emerging shoreline?
Marine terraces
Which type of trash constitutes the majority of debris in the ocean?
Plastic
If all of the glacial ice on the Earth were to melt, sea level would rise ________ meters.
70
Water pressure increases about 1 kilogram per square centimeter (1 atmosphere, or 14.7 pounds per square inch) with every ________ of water depth.
33 feet
When the Earth is at its greatest distance from the Sun, it is said to be at ________.
aphelion
What are waste disposal facilities on land called?
Landfills
Which of the following is not a way to help the environment in general and the ocean in particular?
Maximize your impact on the environment
Which of the following terms describes organisms living on or in the ocean bottom?
Benthos
The euphotic zone is confined to the ________.
epipelagic zone
The toxicity of marine pollutants is evaluated through bioassays by ________.
calculating the concentration at which 50% of the test organisms die
________ are ecosystems in which the water table is close to the surface, so they are typically saturated most of the time.
Wetlands
Planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called ________.
meroplankton
Which of the following caused devastating effects on the marine food chain and was banned in the United States in 1972?
DDT
The most biologically devastating oil spills in the marine environment are usually a result of ________.
collision and/or sinking of oil tankers
Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when ________.
plastic waste strangles seals and birds
Sea level began to rise about ________ years ago as the glaciers melted and water returned to the oceans.
18,000
Which of the following is considered point source pollution?
Municipal sewage sludge
An estimated ________ of wetlands worldwide have been destroyed in the past century.
50%
There is constructive interference between the lunar and solar tidal bulges during ________ tides.
spring
When the tides appear to move water in toward the shore it is called ________.
Flood tide
Stenothermal organisms are found predominantly in the ________.
deep, open ocean
Minamata disease is associated with ________.
ingestion of methyl mercury-contaminated fish and shellfish
Which of the following pollutants is involved with acid rain production?
Nitric aid
Lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of ________.
bar-built estuaries
Which of the following is a not a phytoplankton?
Fish larva
All animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents are called ________.
Nekton
Bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the clean-up of ________.
hydrocarbons
In which year did the Deepwater Horizon spill take place?
2010
What percentage of worldwide oil in the oceans is caused by underwater natural oil seeps?
47
The ________ zone consists only of deep trenches along the margins of continents.
hadal
Neritic marine environments would be found ________.
associated with continental shelves
Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as ________.
stenothermal
The deep scattering layer (DSL) is the deepest at which part of the day?
daytime
The section of the coast that extends from normal high tide level to the highest elevation on land that is affected by storm waves is called the ________.
backshore
The ________ zone has no light, and it exists below about 1000 meters (3300 feet).
aphotic
Narrow currents flowing across the surf zone toward the open ocean are called ________.
rip currents
Which of the following is not considered a pollutant in the marine environment?
Phytoplankton
________ is a layer of rapidly changing salinity.
Halocline
Researchers reported in 2014 that more than 5.25 ________ plastic pieces are now floating in the ocean.
trillion
________ protect a harbor or bay entrance and usually occurs in pairs.
Jetties
Which of the following types of trash, found in the ocean, typically accumulates at the surface because it doesn't readily sink or biodegrade?
Plastic
An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as ________.
euryhaline
Which of the following chemical pollutants can cause harmful algal blooms?
Fertilizer
Where are the large floating regions of trash in all oceans of the world where plastics outnumber marine organisms several times over located?
In subtropical gyres
Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean?
Nekton-swim
Which is the most commonly found debris during beach cleanup?
Cigarettes and filters
Most fish need a minimum of ________ parts per million of dissolved oxygen in seawater to survive for long periods.
4
All organisms that drift with ocean currents are classified as ________.
plankton
Tidal ranges are the smallest when the Earth is near its most distant point called ________.
Aphelion
Coastal wetlands are characterized by ________.
high levels of organic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen-poor muds
Mangrove swamps are restricted to ________.
tropical regions
An estuary produced by faulting or folding of rocks that creates a dropped-down section into which a river flows is called a ________.
tectonic estuary
What is the biggest single source of mercury?
Burning of fossil fuels
The body shape illustrated in the diagram allows the fish to cope with which of the following properties of water?
Viscosity
The aphotic (lightless) bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones represent over _______ of the living space in the oceanic province.
75%
Up until 1993 New York City dumped which of the following into the coastal ocean?
Sewage sludge
Tides are generated by forces imposed on Earth that are caused by a combination of gravity and motion among all of the following except ________.
Mars
The most recent international project to assess the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life was called which of the following?
Census of Marine Life
The part of the shore beyond the low tide breaker line and is deep enough that waves rarely affect the bottom is known as the ________.
offshore
If the side of the Earth that faces the Moon experiences a high tide, then the side of the Earth that is opposite from the Moon will have a ________.
high tide
Which of the following has been shown to cause liver cancer and harmful genetic mutations in animals?
PCBs
Which state contains mangrove swamps?
Florida
A full lunar tidal cycle is ________.
24 hours and 50 minutes in duration
Tidal ranges will be greatest when the Earth and the Moon are at ________.
Perihelion
Which of the following will not help prevent marine pollution.
littering
Spring tide occurs about ________.
twice per month
The most common tidal pattern around the world are ________.
mixed tides
A neap tide has ________.
very low tidal range
Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by ________.
(local biological activity
coastal erosion
rivers)

All of the above are sources of sediment in the coastal zone.
The ________ zone extends from a depth of 200 to 4000 meters and corresponds generally to the continental slope.
bathyal
Which of the following is not a depositional feature?
Marine terraces
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