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AHSC 408--Final Exam

Terms in this set (104)

observable indicators of an issue that can be measured (temp, BP, HR, rash, sweat, etc.); you can see this

patient description of issue (pain, nausea, numbness, fatigue, etc.); you cannot see this

communication skills

genuine interest/concern; empathetic; repetition; question type

based on s/s and physical exam, lab work, and testing

head to toe examination

activities of daily living

patient history

need to know comorbidities (2 or more present conditions in patient; baseline measures (height, weight)

hereditary; possibly helps with preventative care

condition history

what are the signs and symptoms?

head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

respiratory assessment

check breathing, is it shallow or deep, is it thoracic, is it diaphragmatic, are they holding their breath, is there wheezing, is there fluid, how much effort

cardiovascular assessment

heart, heart sounds, bpm, do they have normal rhythm, what is pulse

gastrointestinal assessment

heart burn, acid reflux, is food going to stomach, bloating, indigestion, stomach ulcers

urinary/gynecological assessment

are they constipated, having issues urinating, blood in their urine, are they itching

muscular assessment

do they have weakness, what is ROM, can they move limbs efficiently, overall strength

top number in BP

bottom number in BP

less an 120 and less that 80

120-129 and less than 80

high (hypertension) stage 1

130-139 or 80-89

high (hypertension) stage 2

140 or higher or 90 or higher

hypertensive crisis

higher than 180 and/or higher than 120

normal oxygen levels

normal respiratory rate

12-20 for adult
30-60 for an infant

diaphragm is...

hands and singers are used to gain info through sense of touch

use hands to produce sound of organs by tapping; air filled gives low pitch; fluid filled gives high pitch

listening (stethoscope)

FDA (food & drug administration)

responsible for making sure that a drug is safe before it is released to public

DEA (drug enforcement administration)

ensure compliance of federal drug regulations; ensures that rules/regulations that are put into place by FDA are enforced

act of delivering meds to user as per MD order; packaging, labelling, compounding

act of applying a med by injection, inhalation, ingestion, etc.

science of drugs

pharmacodynamics

study of how the drug acts on the body; can be simple or complex

produces response (endorphins)

stops/slows responses; stops cellular responses from firing

pharmacokinetics

study of how body acts on the drug; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

getting drug in body; what route does it take (rectal, intestinal, dermal)

bioavailability

how much of the drug is available to the tissue after administration

moving drug throughout body; the drugs pH and fat solubility affect this

changing of the chemical entity

getting drug out of the body

measure of ability to eliminate drug

length of time it takes for blood levels or tissue levels of a drug to decrease by 1/2

swallow/chewing

inhalers, dry powder inhalers, or nebulizers

lotions, localized issues; applied to outer areas of the body

directly into vein; use for immediate onset of drug action

right into the muscle; rapid, reliable onset

injected into subcutaneous fat

placed in synovial joint

insert into the joint

electrical administration of a drug; uses electrical impulses/current that sends drug into person's body

using as ultrasound to push medications into the body

vasoconstriction

prevents blood loss

dilates walls to make them more permeable and results in fluid release

corticosteroids

steroids created from cortisol that comes from adrenal glands; typically used for rheumatoid arthritis and asthma

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

mainly over the counter drugs; ibuprofen, allergy medicine, icy hot

narcotic analgesics

highly addictive and can cause sedation, analgesia, and euphoria; affect pain by stimulating opiate receptors

used to treat bacterial infections; mechanisms of action are disruption of cell wall, cytoplasmic metabolism, DNA, protein synthesis

procalcitonin (PCT)

a test that can be done to test a protein that the human body creates; if protein is high then there is a bacterial infection present

used to treat herpes, influenza infections, and HIV; mostly for chronic or life-threatening conditions; only effective for viruses that are already multiplying

medication used for COVID

used to treat dermatological conditions

bronchodilators

agonist; administer through nebulizer, inhaler, or tablets

difficulty breathing, wheezing, tightness of chest, distress, anxiety, difficulty talking, loss of consciousness

used to treat allergies; sedating or non-sedating

created by immune system; can overact and result in buildup

stimulate vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa and shrink nasal passages

type 1 diabetes

insulin replacement needed; body does not create insulin

type 2 diabetes

non-insulin dependent; most common; medication management

over the counter (OTC); not regulated by federal government

muscle relaxers

reduce/relax tension in the muscle; blocks over-excited nerve pathways; treats spasticity and/or muscle spasms

speed up messages traveling from brain to body

found in body, aid in clotting, can cause clots

makes blood less sticky; blood is thinner so that it can flow more easily around body as you get older

supply medication in this cabinet; nurse must type in credentials to unlock cabinet

destroy all narcotics placed in there

order entry system

high risk medications

chemo, investigational meds, IV potassium chloride, controlled substances, insulin, concentrated electrolytes

street drugs, cannot find in hospitals, very addictive

can find in hospital, most addictive

medications with less abuse potential

medications with even less abuse potential

medications with the least potential for abuse among controlled substances

adverse drug reaction

any response to a drug that is noxious and unintended

clostridium difficile (C. Diff)

consequence of overusing antibiotics; germ that causes diarrhea and colitis (inflammation of the colon)

x-ray is the most common form of...

radiation is not absorbed in ____ dense tissue thus appears dark

bones and metal appear...

fat and muscle appear...

front to back; front is facing camera

A (anterior) P (posterior)

back to front; back is facing camera

P (posterior) A (anterior)

type of contrast

allows imaging of soft tissue in joints; live x-ray; no barium

live images; moving x-ray; moving slides

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