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Psych 305--Final Exam

Terms in this set (50)

A general feature of homeostatic mechanisms is...
redundancy
_______ refers to the active process of maintaining a relatively stable internal environment.
homeostasis
Animals whose body temperature is regulated mainly by internal bodily processes are called...
endotherms
Which example demonstrates ectothermic behavior?
a turtle basking on a sunny log
Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because...
restoring the desired temperature turns off the response
Which statement correctly describes osmotic pressure?
the tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane
The response to increase in the salt concentration of the extracellular solution is called _______ thirst.
osmotic
The brain responds to hypovolemia by triggering both thirst and hunger for...
salt
The two main kinds of thirst are _______ thirst and _______ thirst.
osmotic; hypovolemic
Which molecule is known as antidiuretic hormone?
vasopressin
Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the...
daytime
A diurnal animal will likely feed during the...
daytime
The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a...
zeitgeiber
Destruction of the SCN _______________ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion.
abolishes
Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight?
melatonin
REM sleep is normally preceded by stage _____ sleep.
2
Slow, large-amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in ________________ sleep.
stage 3
The large proportion of _________________ sleep seen in infancy suggests it is necessary for nervous system maturation.
REM
Prolonged sleep deprivation (around 8 days) can lead to all of the following, except...
a strengthened immune system
Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of...
improving long-term retention
Much of the research on emotion indicates that each of the three responses to emotional stimuli—the perception, the experience, and the expression of the emotion...
influences the other two
The James-Lange theory of emotions argued that emotions are the...
perception of bodily changes provoked by particular stimuli
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, emotional experience and autonomic response...
are simultaneously triggered by emotional stimuli
According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by...
cultural conditioning
Which statement is most true about cross-cultural observations of facial expressions?
facial expressions are subject to culture-specific display rules
The theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experience is called the _______ hypothesis.
facial feedback
Patients with damage to the amygdala do poorly at interpreting facial expressions as indicators of...
fear
_______ aggression is observed in observed in most vertebrates, often involving competition over mating opportunities, while _______ aggression often occurs among individuals caring for young.
intermale; maternal
Which neurotransmitter has been especially implicated in the control of aggression?
serotonin
Hans Selye labeled the initial response to stress the...
alarm reaction
The discovery of the relationship between syphilis and paralytic dementia revealed that...
a mental disorder turned out to have a physiological cause.
Which response is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations
Family studies of schizophrenia reveal that...
Schizophrenia is more evident among first-degree relatives of patients than it is among more distant relatives.
A common movement disorder caused by traditional neuroleptics is called...
Tardive dyskinesia
According to the dopamine hypothesis, schizophrenia is caused by a(n) _______ of dopamine release or a(n) _______ of dopamine receptors.
increase, increase
Long-term treatment with L-dopa to control the symptoms of Parkinson's disease has been associated with the development of...
Schizophrenia-like symptoms
Compared with the data from controls, PET scans of patients with depression show...
increases in blood flow in the frontal cortex and amygdala.
Research has shown that if a suicidal person is prevented from committing suicide they will...
be unlikely to ever try it again.
The monoamine hypothesis of depression proposes that...
depression is a result of too little stimulation at monoamine synapses.
Which of the following most accurately states the role of heredity in depression?
Increase susceptibility for depression can be inherited, though no single gene responsible for the disorder.
The most striking impairment suffered by Henry Molaison (patient H.M.) was:
anterograde amnesia
Episodic memory concerns:
autobiographical information
_______ amnesia is a loss of memories that formed prior to a brain damaging event.
retrograde
The main cause of Korsakoff's syndrome is:
lack of thiamine
Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome may _______ in an attempt to conceal gaps in their memory.
Confabulate
A change in the processing of a stimulus on the basis of prior exposure to the same or similar stimuli is referred to as:
priming
You routinely order pizza from the same company, which is delivered in a red car with white stripes. After ordering pizza for a couple of years, you notice that any time see any red car with white stripes you feel hungry. For you, pizza delivery car has become a(n):
conditioned stimulus
Which memory store holds the largest number of items?
long-term memory
Which of the following is not a basic process in learning?
transduction
Eye-blink conditioning depends on the _______ circuit.
hippocampus
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