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gen med derm terms

Terms in this set (67)

_______ is abnormal skin redness
erythema
_____ refers to itchy skin
pruritic
______ is a loss of epidermal layers from scratching/rubbing
excoriation
______ is a small blister that is less than 1.0cm; impetigo, herpes labialis, herpes gladiatorum
vesicle
______ is a large blister that is greater than 1.0cm, thin-walled sacs of fluid; blisters
bulla
______ is an elevation of skin that contains pus in the center, small and inflamed; acne mechanica, acne, furuncles
pustule
______ is a solid, raised lesion; warts, molluscum contagious, moles
papule
______ is a large papule; late stages of acne mechanica, furuncles
nodule
______ is any size spot on skin without elevation or depression; tinea versicolor, "sunspots", freckles
macule
______ is large, rough/raised well-circumscribed lesion; psoriasis
plaque
______ are circumscribed lesions of inflamed skin, areas of redness and warmth; urticaria (hives)
wheals
______ is flaking skin; eczema, tinea pedis
scales
______ is a dried collection of exudate and debris; impetigo, bacterial wound infection
* streaking = deeper infection
crust
______ is a loss of epidermal skin; abrasion
erosion
______ is a break in skin resulting in tissue loss; diabetic foot ulcer
ulcer
what is a diffuse, flattened area of thick skin?
- plaques that retain dermal lines
- blisters can form underneath
callus
what is a thick, localized area that usually has conical or circular shape?
- dry, waxy, or translucent appearance
corn
what is bleeding under nail of second or great toe due to acute insult or repeated trauma in shoe box?
- treat with puncture of nail plate
subungual hematoma (black toe)
what results from growth of nail fold inwards into the nail bed?
- usually occurs due to poorly fitted footwear or trauma to or abnormal shape of the nail margin
onychocryphosis (ingrown toenail)
what is triggered by heat, pressure, occlusion, and friction from clothing and/or equipment?
- common sites include forehead, chin, shoulders, upper back
acne mechanica
what is a benign, painless condition that resolves spontaneously, caused by constant stopping and starting -> lateral shearing causes bleeding/micro-hemorrhages within small capillaries?
talon noir
_______ is a broad scraping or shearing off of the superficial skin layers with sliding of the skin against a rough or high-friction surface
abrasion
_____ is a separation and accumulation of fluid or blood between superficial skin layers secondary to repetitive friction on shearing movements
blister
_______ is a cut through all layers of the skin by a sharp object or instrument resulting in smooth, even wound edges
incision
_____ is tearing of the skin by blunt trauma of skin over a bony prominence, resulting in jagged, uneven wound edges
laceration
_____ is a small disruption of the skin, caused by a sharp, penetrating object
- these wounds should be carefully examined for possible injury to underlying structures
puncture
______ is the tearing off or complete dissassociation of a portion of skin
avulsion
________ is a disruption of the skin surface secondary to penetration by a displaced fracture fragment or joint dislocation
open fx/dislocation
_______ wounds involve the epidermis and dermis
partial thickness
_______ wounds involce the dermis, subcutaneous fat, and sometimes bone/tendon
full thickness
reasons to suture include...
- wound edges cannot be approximated with steri-strips, dermal adhesive
- injury located in area of high tension
- full thickness laceration
sutures of the _____ can be removed after 3-5 days
face
sutures of the ____ can be removed after 7-10 days
scalp and arms
sutures of the _____ can be removed after 10-14 days
trunk, legs, hands, feet
sutures of the _____ can be removed after 14-21 days
palms or soles
what type of anesthesia contains 1% lidocaine; numbing occurs within 2-3 minutes and lasts up to 2 hours?
injectable
what type of anesthesia has an onset of 20-30 minutes and lasts 60 minutes?
- can be in form of gel, cream, spray
topical
true or false - sutures cannot be uncovered or get wet within first 24-48 hours
false
______ is a tissue adhesive that gives similar results to suture repair that is used on low tension wounds only; apply 2-4 layers letting each dry inbetween
dermabond
what are the most common infectious agents for bacterial infections?
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
what is a highly contagious superficial skin infection most commonly caused by staph bacteria?
- transmitted by contact
- seen around nose and mouth (honey-colored crusted lesions)
- common in wrestlers, swimmers, gymnasts
impetigo
what is an infection of the hair follicle usually caused by staph, containing a collection of pus beneath the skin layer?
furuncles (boils)
what is a cluster of boils?
carbuncles
what is a superficial infection of the hair follicle caused by blockage, friction, or damage?
- most common cause is shaving
- mildly tender papules or pustules with surrounding redness in hair follicles
- commonly caused by staph aureus
folliculitis
what is a type of folliculitis associated with infection by pseudomonas picked up in contaminated hot tubs?
- resolves in 7-10 days
hot tub folliculitis
what is a spreading bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues due to strep or staph?
- begins as painful red swelling with sharply defined boarders
- can progress to blood infectioon (streaking)
cellulitis
what is a skin and soft tissue infection resulting from methicillin-resistant staph aureus?
- presents as pimple-like lesion that starts small and progresses quickly to painful inflamed lesion
- many are asymptomatic carriers
- resistant to most commonly prescribed antibiotics
- 5 C's are risk factors
CA-MRSA
risk factors for MRSA (5 C's)
close skin-to-skin contact
contaminated items
crowding
cleanliness
compromised skin integrity
a _________ infection is inflammation of the proximal or lateral nail fold
- contributing factors include trauma from the toe box, ingrown nails, nail biting
- treat with iodine soaks
paronychial
what is commonly known as cold sores?
- caused by herpes simplex virus that affects the lip and other areas near mouth
- acquired from contact with lesions or sharing objects contaminated with virus
- treated with topical ointments and creams, anti-virals
herpes labialis
what is caused by herpes complex type 1 virus and is spread between competitors by skin-to-skin contact; common in wrestling?
- anti-virals iniated early will shorten illness course
herpes gladiatorum
what is a belign, self-limited viral infection of skin caused by a poxvirus that is spread by direct, sexual contact, or auto inoculation?
- classic appearance is dome shaped small skin colored or red smooth papules with depressed center
molluscum contagiosum
what are typically seen on hands, fingers, bottom of feet, but can occur anywhere?
- dermal lines distorted
- caused by papilloma viruses
- spontaneous resolution common 6 months-2 years
warts
what is a fungal infection found on the plantar surfaces and interdigital spaces, presents as scaly, peeling area between toes with itching and burning; vesicular lesions on midfoot?
tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
what is a fungal infection involving proximal medial thighs, inguinal folds, and buttocks (scrotum and penis not affected)?
- found almost exclusively in males
- presents with large dull red lesions with scaling and sharp margins and papules along edges
tinea cruris (jock itch)
what fungal infection occurs on the face, neck, trunk, or extremities?
- outbreaks often reported in wrestling
- appears as circular, erythematous plaque with a raised scaly edge and central clearing
- responds well to antifungals
tinea corporis (ringworm)
what fungal infection involves toenails; repetitive traume to toes is a risk factor?
- presents with yellow or white discolored, thickened, rough, irregular nails
- does not respond to topical meds
tinea unguium
what fungal infection is superficial (yeast), usually seen on back, trunk, abdomen, or arms?
tinea versicolor
what are the most common parasitic infections?
scabies and pediculosis
_____ is the most common skin disease in the US; involves formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and/or cysts due to obstruction and inflammation of hair follicles and accompanying sebaceous glands
acne vulgaris
_____ is a skin rash due to contact with irritant; rash occurs at site of contact
contact dermatitis
_____ can be acute but usually a chronic and intermittent inflammation of epidermis and dermis; association with asthma/allergic rhinitis
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
______ is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with symmetrical, round, erythematous plaques with silver-colored scales
psoriasis
______ is a self-limiting hypesensitivity reaction lasting hours to days or weeks; also known as hives
urticaria
______ involves outer layers of skin without freezing; rewarming occurs rapidly; can be red and sensitive
frostnip
_____ is localized injury or death of tissue due to freezing of cells; can be superficial or deep (partial or full thickness)
frostbite
when looking at mole abnormalities, check for...
asymmetry
border irregularity
color
diameter
evolving
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