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Mitosis and Meiosis vocabulary

Terms in this set (12)

Mitosis
the usual method of somatic cell division (body cells), resulting in two identical new daughter cells from the original cell
Eukaryotic
a domain of organisms having cells each with a distinct nucleus within which the genetic material is contained along with other membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic
any organism having cells in each of which the genetic material is in a single DNA chain, not enclosed in a nucleus. The cell does not contain membrane-bound organelles
Cell Cycle
The cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of a growth phase (interphase) followed by division phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase).
DNA Replication
A process by which enzymes "unzip" the DNA Helix and add complimentary nucleotides to the exposed bases resulting in two identical DNA strands.
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction occurring without the sexual union of male and female gametes (sex cells)
Diploid
Having a pair of each type of chromosome, so that the basic chromosome number is doubled: All cells in your body (somatic cells) except the sex cells are diploid.
Haploid
having only one complete set of chromosomes
Gamete
a mature sexual reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg
Zygote
the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes mitosis.
Homologous Chromosomes
A pair of matching chromosomes in an organism, with one being inherited from each parent (Homologous means: Corresponding or similar in position, value, structure, or function).
Crossing Over
the exchange of corresponding segments of homologous chromosomes (along with their genes [alleles]).
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...