Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 1 × 106 particles. Which pathogen is most virulent?
To be considered an infectious disease, the disease must beDirectly caused by a pathogen which is present and reproducing in or on the bodyA person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. In this case, the person has acquired a (n)Noncommunicable diseaseAn infection that occurs after the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the subsequent destruction of the normal microbiota would be considered a/an:superinfectionA generalized infection which affects most of the bodysystematicThe concentration of pathogen needed to make 50% of the group of test animals illInfectious Dose 50The stage of an infectious disease when the symptoms start to go awayDeclineIf a woman is infected with the Zika virus while she is pregnant and the baby is born with birth defects or neurological deficits, the infant would be considered to have a/anCongenital diseaseStructural or physical characteristics which help organisms cause diseaseVirulence factorsCilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________.AdhesionMicrobial infection damages hosts bytoxins, exoenzymes, induction of immune response.A local infection is where the infectious agentremains confined to a specific tissue.breaks loose from initial infection and is carried to other tissues.signA toxin released by the microorganism into the hostexotoxinsA disease which is confined to a specific part of the body but the pathogens or its toxins can spread to other areasfocal infectionIf you have septicemia thenA pathogen is present and is reproducing in the bloodAn infection following a primary infectionSecondaryTo be considered an infectious disease, the disease must beDirectly caused by a pathogen which is present and reproducing in or on the bodyAs individuals age, they may develop Alzheimer's disease where the brain begins to develop plaques and dementia develops. Alzheimer's would be classified as a/anDegenerative disease
Mental diseaseIf you have a "24 hour bug" you have a/anacuteA substance that is poisonous to other organismstoxinKoch's Postulates for identifying a pathogen require all of the following EXCEPTsequencing the DNA of the suspect organism.An infection which is confined to a specific part of the bodylocalA difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have a/anExtended period of IllnessDiseases such as HIV in which the immune system does not function correctly areEndocrineIn Type I diabetes, too little insulin is made. Type I diabetes would be considered a/anEndocrineA disturbance in the state of the body in which the body cannot carry outs its functionsDiseaseDuring an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. As a result, thepatient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). Which type of disease is this?iatrogenicThe attachment of a pathogen to the host cell's surfacesAdherenceA disease which in individual is born with but which was not inheritedCongenitalThe stage of an infectious disease during which symptoms first state to appearIncubationMost of the indirect actions of pathogenic bacteria involves theProduction of toxinsA disease which persists for a long time period but which has periods of inactivity between active periodslatentThe intensity of the disease caused by a microorganismVirulenceYou have recently identified a new toxin. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. You also discover that it targets liver cells. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin?exotoxinWhich of the following is NOT an adhesion mechanism that bacteria use to attach to a host?envelope spikes puncture cells for entryA/an __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual.opportunisticType of toxin which is part of the organism. They usually have no specific target and cause general effects.endotoxinsA (n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection.FocalA characteristic of a disease that can be felt by the patient but not easily observed by the health care workersymptomIf a patient has a subclinical case, the patientHas no signs or symptoms of the diseaseThe stage of an infectious disease during which symptoms first state to appearProdromalMost of the indirect actions of pathogenic bacteria involves theProduction of toxinsWhich of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease?food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in foodA disease such as malaria in which the patient has periodic reoccurrences for years is aLatent diseaseA disease such as malaria in which the patient has periodic reoccurrences for years is aa and bA local infection is where the infectious agentremains confined to a specific tissue.An infection in which a bacterium is releasing toxins into the bloodToxemiaObjective evidence of disease as noted by an observer is calledA signThe LPS of the outer membrane of some gram negative bacteria areThe initial infection in a healthy individualprimary infectionA disease which is the result of errors in genetic informationWhich of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates?Human immunodeficiency virusA characteristic of a disease that can be observed by examining the patient (ex. fever)signThe stage of an infectious disease when the signs and symptoms are gone but the individual is still recoveringConvalescenceA toxin released by the microorganism into the hostexotoxinsA disease which is the result of errors in genetic informationInheritedThe initial infection in a healthy individualPrimary infectionThe time between the infection and the appearance of signs and symptoms of an infectious diseaseIncubationKoch's Postulates were developed to determineIf a particular microorganism was responsible for a particular diseaseDiseases caused by pathogens are considered to beInfectiousThe ability of a microbe to move into host tissues is itsInvasivenessWhich of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease?food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in foodA disease which is the result of errors in genetic informationInheritedWhich of the following would be a sign of an infection?feverThe stage of an infectious disease when the individual has all the signs and symptoms of the diseaseInvasiveWhich of the following is NOT an adhesion mechanism that bacteria use to attach to a host?envelope spikes puncture cells for entryHIV may cross the placental from an HIV+ mother to her fetus. If the baby is born with the HIV and develops AIDS so its immune system does not function correctly, the baby has aCongenital disease
Immunological disease
A&BA local infection is where the infectious agentsignA combination of signs and symptoms which are indicative of a particular diseaseSyndromeAn infection in which a bacterium is releasing toxins into the bloodtoxemiaThe time between the infection and the appearance of signs and symptoms of an infectious diseaseincubationA virulence factor is one whichallows a microbe to invade and establish itself on the host.Endogenous infections are caused bynormal biota in an unusual siteIf a person has an infection but is unaware of the infection, then she has a/anInapparentWhich of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen?a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cellsDuring an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. As a result, thepatient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). Which type of disease is this?iatrogenicFevers, rashes, elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate are all examples ofSigns
