Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Rad Bio Chapter 9

Terms in this set (50)

Damage at the cellular level appears _______ after exposure
months or years
Defined as a "science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population"
Epidemiology
__________ are used to attempt to predict the risk of occurrence of malignancies in human populations that have been exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation
Dose response curves
_________ is defined as the point at which a response or reaction 1st occurs; no biologic response is seen below that point.
Threshold
_______ indicates that any radiation dose has that capability of producing a biologic effect
Non-threshold
Linear non-threshold
ALARA, heritable damage, most cancers
Nonlinear threshold
Cataracts
Stochastic effect
Cancer
Stochastic effects (cancer) and genetic (hereditary) effects at low dose levels from ____ LET radiation (diagnostic x-ray) follow a linear quadratic non-threshold curve (squared dose)
low
The committee recommends the use of the linear non-threshold curve of radiation dose response for most types of _________
cancer
Linear non-threshold curve implies that the chance of a biologic response to ionizing radiation is ______ proportional to the dose received
directly
In a ________, the probability of that the effect happens depends on the received dose, but the severity of the effect does not.
stochastic effect
In a _______, both the probability and the severity of the effect depend upon the dose.
deterministic (tissue) effect
Late deterministic somatic effects appear _____ or _____ after such exposure
months, years
A late somatic effect is a previous whole or partial _________
body acute exposure
Cataracts
Late deterministic somatic effect
Fibrosis
Late deterministic somatic effect
Reduced fertility
Late deterministic somatic effect
Sterility
Late deterministic somatic effect
Cancer
Late stochastic effect
Low birth weight
Teratogenic (effects on the embryo/fetus in utero)
Predicts specific number of excess cancers will occur as a result of radiation exposure
Absolute risk
Control radiation- ________- suggests that low levels of radiation, less than 100mGyt (10 rad), is good for you
Radiation hormesis
Predicts the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age
Relative risk
In 1989, BEIR (biologic effects of ionizing radiation council) report supported the linear quadratic model for ______ only (all other cancers use the linear model)
leukemia
The most important late stochastic effect
Carcinogenesis
Cancer may take more than ____ years to develop
5
Radiation cancer ______ appear different than regular cancer
does not
With regular cancer you ______ determine natural incidence versus radiation incidence
can not
The radium watch dial painters ultimately suffered from ________. They also suffered from cancer of the epithelial cells lining the _______
Osteogenic sarcoma (bone cancer), nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses
The uranium miners in the 1950s-1960s ultimately suffered from _______ and ________
cancer, respiratory diseases
Early medical radiation workers developed cases of cancerous skin lesions on their _____, aplastic ________, and ______
hands, anemia, leukemia
Between 1925-1945 the injection of thorotrast ultimately lead to _____ and _____ cancer
liver, spleen
In the 1940s-1950s infants were with increased ____ and respiratory distress
thymus gland
The Marshall islanders had an increased incidence of _______ cancer
thyroid
The Japanese atomic bomb survivors had a decline in the rate of ______ since the late 40s and 50s
leukemia
Since Chernobyl, the evacuees are required to do a long term follow up and studies to assess _______
malignancies
Tech dose comes from ____ dose and _____ LET
low, low
Latent periods range from 5-30 years, average is ____ years
15
Doses of >10Gyt nearly 100% will develop _____
cataracts
Cataractogenesis has a dose response curve of threshold _______
non-linear
During the 1st trimester of pregnancy, tissue is extremely _______- increased chance of damage
radiosensitive
During the 1st trimester, ______ mSv may result in death or severe congenital abnormalities
200
High doses within ______ of fertilization prenatal death is most obvious consequence- miscarriage
2 weeks
In late stage organogenesis, fetal abnormalities will cause neonatal ______
death
Radiosensitivity _____ as gestation progresses
decreases
Genetic (hereditary) effects happen in _________
future generations
Natural spontaneous mutations occur _______, they are permanent and heritable
without known cause
The only expiraments that have shown concrete evidence of ionization radiation causing genetic mutations at high doses was on
Fruit flies and mice
Measures the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in causing mutations
Doubling dose
Other sets by this creator