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Biological Psychology Exam #3 - Audition

Terms in this set (62)

What are the 3 dimensions of audition?
loudness, pitch, timbre
What is the sound signature?
timbre
What determines the loudness of a sound?
amplitude
What determines the pitch of a sound?
frequency
What determines the timbre of a sound?
complexity
What is apart of the outer ear?
pinna and ear drum
What is apart of the middle ear?
ossicles
What is apart of the inner ear?
cochlea
What is the outer visible cartilage of the ear?
pinna
What structure of the ear funnels sound waves into the ear?
pinna
What is the tube that heads towards the middle ear?
ear canal
What vibrates when "sound strikes it"?
eardrum
What divides the outer and middle ear?
eardrum
What is another word for the eardrum?
tympanic membrane
If someone has tubes put in their ears, where are they inserted?
eardrum
What are the ossicles of the ear?
malleus, incus, stapes
What is the opening in bony process surrounding the cochlea that contains a membrane?
oval window
What can accommodate to oval window's pressure?
round window
What sends fluid in motion in oval window?
stapes
What are the hollow chambers of the cochlea?
scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani
In which of the hollow chambers of the cochlea does transduction occur and is where auditory receptors are?
scala media
What part of the scala media does most sound transduction occur in?
organ of corti
Vibrations in what membrane of the organ of corti exert stretch on cilia of hair cells?
tectorial membrane
What membrane of the organ of corti can be referred to as the "floor"?
basilar membrane
What membrane of the organ of corti can be referred to as the "roof"?
tectorial
Are hair cells mechanoreceptors?
yes
What receptors detect mechanical pressure?
mechanoreceptors
What are hair cells connected through?
tip links
What type of cilia is largely responsible for audition (transduction)?
inner
What pulls ion channels open when cilia move and puts pressure on them?
tip links
What membrane are cilia located on?
tectorial
How is the perception of pitch done for high-moderate frequencies?
place coding
How is the perception of pitch done for low frequencies?
rate coding
What type of pitch encoding is when the perceived pitch depends on the location of stimulation (flexing) on the basilar membrane?
place coding
What type of pitch encoding is when the rate at which cells fire carries a temporal code that dictates frequency that is observed?
rate coding
Cells that use place coding for perception of pitch, use what for perception of loudness?
rate coding
Cells that use rate coding for pitch, use what for perception of loudness?
number of cells that fire
What are the systems used to localize sounds?
intensity differences and phase differences
For what type of frequency are intensity differences used for localizing sounds?
high
For what type of frequency are phase differences used for localizing sounds?
low
When the difference between right and left ears are analyzed, what does this give us information pertaining?
location
What localization technique is especially good for localizing sounds along midline?
localization by timbre
What localization technique is when the pinna alters auditory waveform which is dependent on the location of sound?
localization by timbre
What is the "where" pathway for sound?
dorsal
What is the "what" pathway for sound?
ventral
What system inform/aids with balance, ability to keep head in an upright position, and adjusts eye movement to compensate for head movements?
vestibular system
What responds to gravity and "informs" brain about head orientation?
vestibular sacs
What deals with angular acceleration?
semicircular canals
What occurs when stimulation of vestibular functions don't match visual input?
nausea (motion sickness)
Where are the vestibular sacs and semicircular canals near?
cochlea
What major planes of the head do semicircular canals approximate?
sagittal, coronal, transverse
What is each semicircular canal filled with?
endolymph
What is the enlarged chamber of each canal?
ampulla
What are the sensory receptors that are embedded in cupula?
hair cells
What do the axons of hair cells form?
vestibular nerve
What are the vestibular sacs?
utricle and saccule
What contains hair cells embedded in gelatinous mass?
vestibular sacs
What has "stones" of CaCO3 embedded in jelly?
vestibular sacs
What are the "stones? of CaCO3 in the vestibular sacs called?
otoliths or otoconia
What makes otoliths move?
gravity
What happens when otoliths move?
they tug on cilia
When otoliths tug on cilia, what does this tell you information about?
which direction is up and head orientation
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