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P.O.S. Final

Terms in this set (49)

BEST EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR SPECIAL CREATION
sedimentation
Yellowstone Fossil Forest (YFF)
Trace Element Analysis
Paleo Current Pattern
Coal
Dendrochronology
look at rings in logs to find estimated age of trees
Trace elements
Small amounts of infrequent atoms/minerals in dirt
Green River Formation
1000 feet
Many volcanic eruptions
Each eruption has a signature trace element analysis
Paleo Current Patterns
Sedimentary particles aligned in a similar direction. Reported to be layer down over a 2 mil period. How would this ordered pattern be established in this case?
Best explanation is water laying this down over a relatively short period of time.
Amethyst mountain (2,000 feet)
19-20 layers
Upright logs
Would take 100,000 years to produce this pattern
Specimen creek "cuts it"
Fire scars found 47 years apart in tree rings, and are in particular layers of mountain
Mount Saint Helens = 1/3 of the trees in Spirit Lake were within 20% upright
Sudden destruction (repetitive destruction)
Thick layers = Franciscan
Arkose = Micah, Sharp, Unworn
50,000 feet thick
Spread over San Fran to northern Oregon
Thin layers = Shinarump
Greatest thickness is 50 feet
Turbidites = underwater landslide (Creationist explanation for the Shinarump)
Chicxulub
9 miles wide
crater is 12 miles deep
traveled at 30000,40000 mph
Triggered the mass extinctions at the K-Pg boundary
Best Evidence for Evolution
The Stratigraphic Column
Ice Core Data
Australian Marsupial
Radiometric Dating Works
Angiosperm Pollen
Human-Chimp Chromosomes
Labyrinthodontia
amphibian reptiles
Synapsid
ugly reptiles,
50-20 feet long
skull pieces are fusing in ways that are intermediate between reptiles and mammals
when we put their skulls together we find that the number pieces decreases
Tri-Per
Factors affecting C14
Cosmic Rays increase the production of C14 therefore it makes a substance appear younger
Reduced cosmic rays by 3x (effect is 5,000 years of error)
Strong magnetic effect 10x increase in cosmic rays (effect is 10,000 years of error)
Increased number of water molecules means a greater absorption of cosmic rays (effect is 7,000 years of error)
More C12 before flood (effect is 50,000 years of error)
500x more vegetation
What if the ratio of C12 to C14 inside organisms was a lot larger pre flood? In this case a substance in question might appears much older than it is in reality.
Assumption of C14 dating
Decay rate has always been the same
Ratio of 6C14/6C12 has always been the same
Air is....
Air is 78% Nitrogen and 20% Oxygen
troposphere
8-16 miles out so relatively little oxygen
Cosmic Rays come zooming in and bang into Nitrogen
Ratio of C12 to C14
848x109 (Billion : One)
There are a number of things show infinite age
coal, petroleum, and deep fossil
half life of 6C14
5730 years
We live on....
Columbia River Basalt
Columbia River Basalt
26-30 different flows
Basalt came out of vent near Moscow, Idaho
Tricky for YEC => lots of stuff beneath it
Built up between 4,000 - 6,000 feet
Late mesozoic (later flood)
Largest lake ever
Glacial Lake Missoula
(500 cubic miles, 2000 feet)
Clark Fork river
big dam -> Formed enormous lake Missoula
Columbia River
Carved out 50 cubic miles of earth
Grand Coulee Dam
exceeds waterfall gouge -> dry falls
400 feet deep at Portand
Clark Fork River
Blocked off river that created lake Missoula
earliest glaciers
~2-2.5 million years
bioturbation
tracts and burrows and evidence of life
none below coal
Cyclethemes
cycles of deposits, generally older
Allochthonous
Wood floated (creation)
Autochthonous
Wood in position of growth (evolution)
Mount Saint Helens
May 18, 1980
Blows spirit lake up 15,000 feet, hills about 15 miles
Lots of trees still floating
2/3 of trees still float in direction of growth
Most coal is found in two places
(Coal on west side of appalachians and east side of rockies)

Upper Paleozoic/ Carbniforous (Missisipian & Pensilvanian)
-Lyco ferns
-Tropical
Upper Mesozoic
-Gymnosperm
-Angiosperm
Fossil Evidence for Major Water Catastrophe
Most tracts of animals in the fossil record are head uphill
Many evidences for rapid burial by sediments
Delicate preservation of body parts
Orientation of plant parts
Unusual assemblages of fossils
Mass Extinctions
Coconino sandstone (BRAND)
Rock formation present in the Grand Canyon area
Animals that appear to be in floating water (diagonal)
We now think that much of the Coconino sandstone was involved with major water catastrophe
Sand that was recently wet
At the same time, there are evidences for natural formations that would take millions of years to establish. Patches of dry sand in the fossil record. Places of lake formation is difficult for creationist worldview. Coral reefs.
Preserved fish scales in the Mowry Shale, Wyoming
Hundreds of square miles of fish scales, deep.
We never see this modern lakes and oceans
Destroyed after 30 days
Something beat up massive numbers of fish and de-scaled them in a short period of time in order for the scales to stay intact.
Gingko petrified forest
200 species of tropical and temperate plants
Suggests that at some point of time there was a MIXTURE of plant types
Good explanation is a water event.
Unusual assemblages of fossils
Gingko petrified forest
YFF
Northern Canada
Mass Extinctions
Large numbers of dinosaurs and other species
Bone piles = most easily accomplished by catastrophe
Trapped in river and washed down
Float onto sand bar & covered by sediments
Theoretical assumptions of darwinian evolution
reproductive surplus
genetic variation
environmental variation
differential reproduction
natural selection works across generations
The river where human and dinosaurs footprints are reported to be found together
Paluxy
when did the last ice age finish
12k
Braided Channels
Channeled Scablands
Created by Missoula floods
The name of the largest waterfalls ever on our planet
dry falls
Grand Coulee
Lower grand coulee = falls
Upper grand coulee = water in it
Periods in CENOZOIC era
Quaternary
Tertiary
Periods in MESOZOIC era
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Periods in PALEOZOIC era
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Extinctions
Ordovician-Silurian 65
Late Devonian 75
Permian 90
Triassic 65
Cretaceous 65
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