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Module Assesment: 3

Terms in this set (50)

Carl and Kate are enrolled in nutrition class together. They have become friends and spend time studying together. They decide to go to the Student Union to grab some lunch and review their notes for an upcoming exam. As they are eating, they decide that this is the perfect time to study the gastrointestinal system. Carl asks Kate to describe digestion. Kate answers his question correctly by saying "Digestion involves the breaking down of food into its components through chemical and mechanical processes."
a. True
Kate says to Carl, "I know what digestion is, and I understand the mechanical aspect of digestion: the part that involves muscles and nerves for the chewing and mixing of food. But I'm confused about chemical digestion." Carl explains chemical digestion correctly by stating, "It involves chemical mediators like acid, enzymes, and hormones."
a. True
Kate replies, "If what you are saying is correct, then what exactly is an enzyme?" Carl says, "Well it could be described as a lot of things." Which of Carl's statements below is correct about enzymes?
d. All of the above
Kate now asks Carl to give her an example of an enzyme that digests (breaks down) carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Which of Carl's statements below is correct about this?
b. Amylase breaks down carbohydrate, a protease breaks protein, and lipase breaks down fat.
Kate tells Carl "I understand enzymes now," but asks, "What are hormones?" Carl correctly describes hormones by stating, "Hormones are produced by cells at one site in the body (in an organ with an endocrine function) and regulate cells at a distal site in the body."
a. True
Kate inquires, "Can you give me an example of a hormone that functions in digestion?" Which of Carl's statements below is correct concerning this?
c. Cholecystokinin and secretin are hormones that function in digestion.
Carl says, "Okay, enough about enzymes and hormones. I'm confused about nutrient absorption. It seems like food is digested and then the body needs to absorb it. How does this work?" Kate answers Carl correctly by stating "Absorption can occur in three different ways: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport."
a. True
Carl replies, "I think I understand passive diffusion. It is a process that is governed by a concentration gradient, but allows free entry of a substance to cross a membrane." Kate says, "Yes, you are correct." Carl then says, "I don't understand facilitated diffusion; can you explain this to me?" Which of Kate's statements below is correct about this?
e. Both B and D
Carl says, "Okay, now explain active transport." Which of Kate's statements below is correct about this?
e. Both A and D
Carl says, "Well, the food has been digested and the nutrients absorbed; now what happens?" Kate answers Carl correctly by stating, "The fat-soluble nutrients enter blood vessels, and the water-soluble nutrients enter lymphatic vessels to be transported in the body."
b. False
Carl says, "Okay, so the nutrients are transported in the body. Well, what becomes of them?" Kate's says, "The cells take up the nutrients, and use them for energy production, tissue repair, or even storage. This is the point where the cell engages in anabolic or catabolic processes." Carl remarks, "What are you talking about?" Kate says, "You know, anabolism or catabolism." Carl says, "I must have missed that lecture. Can you give me some examples of this?" Kate says, "Sure, but I don't know if I fully understand it either." Kate is correct when she says, "Digestion is an anabolic process."
b. False
Kate is correct when she says, "The hydrolysis of glycogen is an anabolic process."
b. False
Kate is correct when she says, "The synthesis of protein is an anabolic process."
a. True
Kate is correct when she says, "In a plant system, photosynthesis is considered an anabolic process."
a. True
Kate and Carl now decide to eat their lunch. Kate is thinking about antioxidant-rich foods and trying to put into action what she has learned in class. She gets some guava juice and a spinach salad with grated carrots, chopped broccoli, cheese slices, and sunflower seeds sprinkled on top. Which antioxidant nutrients were present in Kate's lunch?
e. A, B, and C
Kate says, "Enough about my lunch. Let's talk about your greasy, all-beef hamburger. You know I'm starting to like you, and I'm becoming concerned about your diet. Haven't you learned anything this semester about nutrition?" Carl says, "Yeah, well, I have. I just like this kind of food; hamburgers, fries, milkshakes. I guess I have a high-saturated fat diet." Kate says, "I think so." Carl says, "You know there are some good things about this hamburger." Kate replies, "Well why don't you share them with me." Which of Carl's responses below would be correct?
d. All of the above
Kate replies, "Well you may be right about that, but don't you know that you could be at risk for heart disease if you keep eating high-saturated fat foods?" Kate proceeds to tell Carl about other risk factors for heart disease. Which of Kate's statements below would be correct about this?
e. All of the above
Kate then says, "You know, there are other dietary practices that can function in heart disease." Carl asks, "Like what?" Which of Kate's answers below would be correct about this?
No idea, but it's not C
After their meal, Kate expresses an urgency to use the restroom. Carl remarks, "Excretion so soon?" Kate runs off in a hurry. In the restroom, she experiences diarrhea. What most likely caused this?
b. The cheese caused it because she has inherited lactose intolerance.
While in the restroom, peristalsis is occurring in Kate's gastrointestinal tract. Peristalsis:
e. All of the above
While Kate is in the restroom, Carl is relaxing and reading his notes. He gets a craving for something sweet, so he eats a Milky Way candy bar. What happens to Carl's blood sugar after eating, digesting, and absorbing the candy bar?
c. it increases, but then insulin is released from the pancreas and causes the blood sugar level to decrease.
When Carl's pancreas releases insulin into the blood stream, the insulin sends a hormonal signal to the liver and muscle cells that result in the synthesis of glycogen. Carl is correct in thinking that "Insulin has an anabolic effect."
a. True
Kate returns to the table and says, "While I was gone, I was thinking about allergies, antibodies, and antigens. I am so confused about this. Can you explain it to me?" Which of Carl's statements is correct about an allergy?
b. An allergy is an immune reaction to a foreign substance or antigen.
Which of Carl's statements is correct about an antibody?
c. An antibody is a large circulating protein produced by the immune system in response to an invasion by a foreign substance.
Which of Carl's statements is correct about an antigen?
d. An antigen is usually a protein that elicits antibody production in the body.
A person with which of the following diseases or conditions would benefit specifically from increasing soluble fiber intake?
d. Heart disease
Fiber can bind to and block the absorption of:
d. Fat-soluble vitamins. (not sure)
Which of the following nutrients is not added in the enrichment process for refined grains?
a. Zinc
The primary initial causative factor for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is:
b. Insulin receptor resistance.
Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index?
a. Apple
Which of the following lipoprotein fractions carries predominately triglycerides?
a. VLDL
Which of the following is true regarding the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet?
d. Plant stanol/sterol intake should be 2 g/day.
The protein from which food source may reduce atherosclerosis?
d. Soy
Which of the following dietary scenarios would most likely contribute to cancer?
b. High polyunsaturated fatty acid intake
Which of the following is true regarding proteins inside the body?
b. Synthesized proteins are of two basic types: fibrous and globular.
Cis is the natural configuration of hydrogen positions on the carbon molecules in the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids.
a. True
Consuming enough omega-3 fatty acids positively affect heart health by increasing HDL and decreasing LDL cholesterol levels.
a. True
Consuming a diet high in total fat promotes breast and prostate cancer.
a. True
The excess intake of dietary protein, within normal Calorie intake, has no known negative health implications.
b. False
Protein character is ultimately determined by amino acid dietary adequacy.
b. False
A blood pressure measurement of 110/60 mmHg:
a. Is optimal.
A fasting blood glucose measurement of 160 mg/dL:
b. Increases disease risk.
An HDL cholesterol measurement of 36 mg/dL:
b. Increases disease risk.
An LDL cholesterol measurement of 185 mg/dL:
b. Increases disease risk.
A total cholesterol measurement of 170 mg/dL:
a. Is optimal.
Hypoglycemia means:
e. Low blood sugar.
Protein synthesis requires:
a. mRNA translation.
The collective name for initiation, promotion, and progression is:
c. Carcinogenesis.
One water-soluble antioxidant is:
d. Vitamin C.
The process by which plants make carbohydrates is called:
b. Photosynthesis.
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