Anatomy

Which of the following condition is most likely to cause hemoglobin to release its oxygen?
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Terms in this set (24)
Which of the following condition is most likely to cause hemoglobin to release its oxygen?
Low pH
Which of the following conditions will MOST LIKELY trigger HYPERVENTILATION?
Low hydrogen ion concentrations
Hyperventilation is most likely to cause a drop in which biological parameter?
pH
Which of the following physiological effects would MOST LIKELY to occur if a patient took a drug that inhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme
Sodium retention would decrease
Juxtamedullary nephrons
regulates water balance & urine concentration
Three pressures that filter blood
Blood Hydrostatic pressure (60 out)
Colloid Osmotic Pressure (32 in)
Capsular Pressure (18 in)
blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP)
Pressure of blood in the capillaries
Colloid osmotic pressure
osmotic pull of non filtrating proteins in the blood of the glomerular capillaries on water in the urine
Capsular pressure
Back pressure due to the presence of fluid already in the renal tubulars and the resistance of the tubule walls
Function of the Kidneys
helps regulate ph
removes excess water, electrolytes, waste from blood
puts waste into urine
secretes the hormone Erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production)
secretes renin (this increases blood pressure)
gluconeogenesis (during starvation)
produces form of Vitamin D
Flow of renal blood supplyAbdominal aorta, renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein, inferior vena cavaazotemia (renal failure)Increases BUN levels, nitrogenous waste in bloodUremiatoxic effects as wastes accumulateIncreased GFR levelsurine output rises. leads to dehydration, electrolyte depletion and imbalancesDecreased GFR levelsurine output decreases. wastes reabsorbed and or not excretedJuxtaglomerular Cells (JC)Monitors Blood PressureMacula DensaMonitors and adjusts blood pressure and NaCl content of filtrateMacula DensaWhen excess NaCl reaches macula densa in distal tubule of JGA, afferent arterioles are vasoconstricted and GFR drops •Low NaCl causes afferent arteriole vasodilation, and GFR risesHeart secretes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) andventricular natriuretic peptide (BNP) in response to increased blood volume and pressure •Increase excretion of sodium and water excretion •Dilates afferent arterioleAngiotensin II causes•Vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles •Secretion of ADH from the hypothalamus •Secretion of Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex•Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH or Vasopressin) causes•Increase in thirst •Vasoconstriction •Retention of water only •ADH is called the freshwater hormoneAldosterone causes•sodium and water retention •Aldosterone is called the saltwater hormone •Potassium loss •Increase in blood volume •Increase in blood pressureAzotemiaAzotemia