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Chemistry Exam 5

Terms in this set (65)

Carboxylic acids are strong acids

True
False
False
Soaps are the soluble salt of long chain fatty acids.

True
False
True
The splitting apart of an ester in the presence of a strong acid and water is called ________.

neutralization
esterification
hydrolysis
reduction
saponification
Hydrolysis
The product of the reaction between cyclopentyl hexanoate and water in the presence of an acid is ______.

cyclopentanol and hexanoic acid
hexanol and cyclopentanoic acid
hexanol and cyclopentanol
hexanoic acid and cyclopentanoic acid
cyclopentanol and hexanoic acid
An esterification reaction __________.

a) produces a salt and water
b) is irreversible
c) uses an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to produce an ester
d) does not require a catalyst and will occur when an alcohol and an acid are combined in a reaction flask
c) uses an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to produce an ester
Caffeine is an alkaloid.

True
False
True
Amines do not form hydrogen bonds.

True
False
False
The compound CH3-CH2-NH2 is classified as a ________.

a) tertiary amine
b) quaternary amine
c) secondary amine
d) primary amine
e) hydrated amine
d) primary amine
How many alkyl substituents does N-ethyl-N-methylaniline have?

a) one
b) two
c) three
d) eight
e) none
b) two
What is the name of the tertiary amine that has a -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -CH2CH2CH3 as substituents?

a) methylethylpropylamine
b) diethyldimethylamine
c) N-ethylmethylpropylamine
d) ethylmethylpropylamine
d) ethylmethylpropylamine
When acetic acid reacts with ammonia, NH3, when heated the reaction yields ________.

a) amino acetate
b) ammonium acetate
c) acetamide
d) ethylammonium hydroxide
e) acetamine
c) acetamide
Which of the following is a lipid?

a) nicotine
b) aniline
c) collagen
d) cholesterol
e) lactose
d) cholesterol
Choose the correct statement describing lipids.

a) Steroids are not a classification of lipids.
b) Lipids are soluble in water.
c) Lipids are waxes, fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids that are insoluble in water.
d) A long chain alcohol is a lipid.
c) Lipids are waxes, fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids that are insoluble in water.
Which type of lipid does not contain a fatty acid?

a) sphingomyelins
b) steroids
c) waxes
d) glycerophospholipids
b) steroids
A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains more than one ________.

a) carbonyl group
b) long carbon chain
c) hydroxyl group
d) carboxyl group
e) carbon-carbon double bond
carbon-carbon double bond
Waxes are lipids derived from ________.

steroids
glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate, and an amino alcohol
glycerol and three fatty acids
a long-chain alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid
fatty acids, phosphate, and an amino alcohol
a long-chain alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid
Waxes do not contain fatty acids.

True
False
False
A triacylglycerol that is solid at room temperature is called a(n) ________.

lecithin
fat
oil
wax
cephalin
fat
The structure of a triacylglycerol contains what components?

a) glycerol and one fatty acid
b) glycerol (a trihydroxy alcohol), which forms ester bonds to three fatty acids
c) glycerol and three stearic acids
d) a fatty acid that forms ester bonds to three alcohols
glycerol (a trihydroxy alcohol), which forms ester bonds to three fatty acids
The name of the reaction that occurs when a fat reacts with sodium hydroxide and water is ________.

reduction
saponification
oxidation
hydrogenation
hydration
saponification
Commercially, liquid vegetable oils are converted to solid fats such as margarine by ________.

oxidation
hydration
saponification
hydrolysis
hydrogenation
hydrogenation
Margarine containing partially hydrogenated soybean oil is solid because ________.

a) some of its double bonds have been converted to single bonds
b) it contains only cis carbon-carbon double bonds
c) it contains only trans fatty acids
d) it contains only saturated fats
e) it contains only polyunsaturated fatty acids
a) some of its double bonds have been converted to single bonds
Hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol __________.

a) results in breaking of the ester bonds to form glycerol and three fatty acids
b) does not need anything other than water
c) occurs in organic solutions with no water present
d) results in compounds that are all soluble in water
a) results in breaking of the ester bonds to form glycerol and three fatty acids
One function of glycerophospholipids is to provide structure to cell membranes.

True
False
True
Glycerophospholipids can interact both with other lipids and water because they contain ________.

saturated fatty acids
glycerol
cholesterol
double bonds
polar regions and nonpolar regions
polar regions and nonpolar regions
Which of the lipid types listed below is most soluble in water?

waxes
steroids
triacylglycerols
glycerolphospholipids
oils
glycerolphospholipids
Glycerophospholipids are __________.

a)derivatives of triacylglycerols that contain a polar phosphate head and an amino alcohol at one of the positions of the glycerol group
b) all nonpolar molecules that are only soluble in other nonpolar solvents
c) found only in nerve tissue in the human body
d) derivatives of triacylglycerols that contain three polar phosphate heads and three amino alcohols
a) derivatives of triacylglycerols that contain a polar phosphate head and an amino alcohol at one of the positions of the glycerol group
Cholesterol belongs to the ________ group of lipids.

prostaglandin
wax
steroid
triacylglycerol
glycerophospholipid
steroid
Steroids do not contain fatty acids.

True
False
True
The most common type of gallstones is composed of almost pure ________.

a) cholesterol
b) anabolic steroids
c) calcium salts of fatty acids
d) glycerophospholipids
e) waxes
cholesterol
A lipoprotein particle functions to ________.

dissolve polar lipids for excretion
store lipids in the tissues
metabolize lipids into new substances
dissolve polar lipids in urine
transport nonpolar lipid to body cells
transport nonpolar lipid to body cells
Synthesis of cholesterol takes place in the ________.

pancreas
small intestine
liver
gall bladder
large intestine
liver
Cholesterol is one of the most important steroids in the body. Which kind of cholesterol is identified as "good" cholesterol?

the lipoproteins identified as high-density lipoproteins
the lipoproteins identified as chylomicrons
the lipoproteins identified as low-density lipoproteins
the lipoproteins identified as very-low-density lipoproteins
the lipoproteins identified as high-density lipoproteins
In the fluid-mosaic model of cell membranes, the phospholipid molecules are oriented with their heads to the outside of the membrane.

True
False
True
The main lipid components in cellular membranes are ________.

waxes
triacylglycerols
fatty acids
steroids
glycerolphospholipids
glycerolphospholipids
In the fluid-mosaic model that describes cell membranes, ________.

a) there are three layers of phospholipid molecules
b) two layers of phospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections oriented to the inside of the membrane
c) two layers of phospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections along the outer surface of the membrane
d) A single row of phospholipid molecules forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
e) two layers of proteins separate the contents inside a cell from the surrounding fluids
two layers of phospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections oriented to the inside of the membrane
The main function of a cell membrane is to allow substances to enter and leave the cell. Which is a correct description of transport through a cell membrane?

a) Diffusion, or passive transport, occurs when molecules diffuse from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
b) The lipid bilayer opens up and allows the ions or molecules to enter the cell, then closes.
c) Facilitated transport occurs when proteins that extend through the cell membrane provide a channel through which certain substances can diffuse more rapidly than by passive diffusion.
d) Active transport occurs when molecules diffuse from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
c) Facilitated transport occurs when proteins that extend through the cell membrane provide a channel through which certain substances can diffuse more rapidly than by passive diffusion.
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

a) movement of muscles
b) transport substances through the bloodstream
c) catalyze reactions in the cells
d) provide structural components
e) stores the genetic information of a living organism
e) stores the genetic information of a living organism
In the ionized form of an amino acid, the carboxylic acid end is ________.

a) positively charged
b) neutral
c) soluble in a nonpolar solvent
d) negatively charged
e) attached to an amine
d) negatively charged
The structural formulas of amino acids are the same except for the ________.

alpha carbon
carboxylate group
hydrogen bonding
R group
ammonium group
R group
Amino acids that are not synthesized in the body and must be obtained from the diet are called ________.

essential
nonpolar
complete
incomplete
polar
essential
When describing a protein, which of the following statements is true?

a) The C-terminal amino acid is at the end of the chain of amino acids all the way to the left and is identified as such because it is the last -COO- group bonded to the chain.
b) The N-terminal amino acid is at the end of the chain of amino acids all the way to the right and is identified as such because it is the last -NH3+ group bonded to the chain.
c) The bond that is formed, called a peptide bond, is between the nitrogen of the -NH3+ group and the oxygen of the -COO- group.
d) A peptide bond forms when the carbon of the -COO- group of one amino acid forms a bond to the nitrogen of the -NH3+ group of another amino acid.
d) A peptide bond forms when the carbon of the -COO- group of one amino acid forms a bond to the nitrogen of the -NH3+ group of another amino acid.
The primary structure of a protein is based on the __________.

first amino acid in the polypeptide chain
first peptide bond that is formed in the protein
the number of amino acids in the chain
sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
In an enzyme, the polypeptide chain folds into a compact shape known as the ________ structure.

tertiary
secondary
pleated
quaternary
primary
tertiary
When two protein chains combine to form an active protein, the structural level is ________.

quaternary
pleated
secondary
tertiary
primary
quaternary
The attractive forces that are important in the secondary structure of a protein are ________.

hydrophobic interactions
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
salt bridges
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
Which of the following is a secondary protein structure?

Ser-Met-Ala-Gly-Ile
hydrophobic interactions
α-helix
salt bridges
disulfide bond
α-helix
What kinds of interactions are not part of tertiary protein structure?

a) salt bridges
b) hydrophilic interactions
c) peptide bonds
d) disulfide bonds
e) hydrophobic interactions
c) peptide bonds
Acids and bases denature a protein by disrupting ________.

a) salt bridges and hydrogen bonds
b) peptide bonds and salt bridges
c) hydrophobic interactions and peptide bonds
d) amide bonds and alkene bonds
e) salt bridges and hydrophobic interactions
a) salt bridges and hydrogen bonds
Denaturation of a protein ________.

a) is always irreversible
b) hydrolyzes peptide bonds
c) changes the primary structure of a protein
d) disrupts the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein
e) can only occur in a protein with quaternary structure
c) disrupts the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein
Which of the following is a secondary structure?

a) beta pleated sheet
b) peptide bonds
c) hydrophobic interactions
d) disulfide bonds
a) beta pleated sheet
Hemoglobin has a total of ________ protein chains in its quaternary structure.

a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
e) five
four
Compared to an uncatalyzed reaction, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction ________.

a) requires a higher temperature
b) uses less substrate
c) requires more energy
d) occurs at a faster rate
e) produces different products
occurs at a faster rate
The general function of an enzyme in the body is to ________.

a) eliminate waste products from the blood
b) maintain homeostasis
c) maintain a neutral pH
d) catalyze chemical reactions
e) act as a reactant in carbohydrate storage
catalyze chemical reactions
A biological catalyst is called a(n) ________.

a) coenzyme
b) lipid
c) steroid
d) substrate
e) enzyme
enzyme
In the induced fit model, the __________.

a) active site adapts slightly to fit the substrate
b) substrate adapts slightly to fit the active site
c) ES complex is permanent
d) active site is permanently changed by the ES complex
active site adapts slightly to fit the substrate
The active site of an enzyme ________.

a) is converted to a product
b) increases the energy of reaction
c) is remote from the site of substrate attachment
d) is the region where the reaction takes place
e) includes the entire enzyme
is the region where the reaction takes place
Which of the following is not a classification of enzymes?

a) oxidoreductases
b) isolases
c) transferases
d) hydrolases
isolases
Which of the following is not true for a competitive inhibitor?

a) It has a structure similar to the substrate
b) It cannot be converted to products
c) It occupies the active site
d) Increasing the substrate concentration can reverse competitive inhibition
e) It binds to the enzyme at a site remote from the active site
It binds to the enzyme at a site remote from the active site
A noncompetitive inhibitor ________.

a) has a structure similar to the substrate
b) increases the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction
c) alters the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme
d) has its effect reversed by adding more substrate
e) binds at the active site of the enzyme
alters the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme
In the lock-and-key model of enzyme action, the enzyme active site is thought of as ________.

a) a rigid, nonflexible shape that fits the substrate exactly
b) a key-like shape that fits into a pocket of the substrate surface
c) a hydrophilic area on the enzyme surface
d) a lock that bars a noncompetitive inhibitor from reacting
e) an area of the enzyme that can adjust to fit the substrate shape
a rigid, nonflexible shape that fits the substrate exactly
A competitive inhibitor is one that ________.

a) destroys the substrate
b) binds to the active site in place of the substrate
c) binds to the enzyme at a site far from the active site
d) forms a complex with the substrate
e) binds to the allosteric site on an enzyme
binds to the active site in place of the substrate
A compound that binds to an enzyme, and changes its shape so that a substrate cannot enter the active site, is called a(n) ________.

a) noncompetitive inhibitor
b) steroid
c) competitive inhibitor
d) proenzyme
e) coenzyme
noncompetitive inhibitor
Enzyme activity is affected by the __________.

a) concentration of the ES complex
b) temperature of the reaction system
c) concentration of the substrate
d) presence of other enzymes
temperature of the reaction system
A carboxylic acid contains a carboxyl group, which consists of a hydroxyl group(-OH) attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group.

true
false
true
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