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AP PSYCHOLOGY unit 9 vocab
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Gravity
Terms in this set (59)
Developmental psychology
Studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life span
Zygote
Fertilized egg, 2 week period of rapid cell division develops embryo
Embryo
Developing human organism 2 weeks after fertilization
Fetus
Developing human 9 weeks after fertilization
Teratogens
Agents like chemicals and viruses that could reach embryo and fetus and possible cause harm
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Physical and cognitive abnormalities caused by prenatal heavy drinking
Habituation
Decreasing responsiveness to repeated stimulation
Maturation
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively uninfluenced by experience
Cognition
All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Schema
Concept or framework that organizes and interpret info
Assimilation
Interpreting our new experiences into ones current understanding or schema
Accommodation
Adapting our current understanding to incorporate new information
Sensorimotor stage
Paigets theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Object permanence
Awareness objects exist even when not perceived
Pre-operational stage
Piagets theory, when a child learns to use language but doesn't comprehend that mental operations if logic
Conservation
The principle that properties such as mass volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Egocentrism
Piagets theory, the preoperational child's difficulty in taking another's point of view
Theory of mind
People's ideas about their own and others mental states - what behaviors might predict
Concrete operational stage
Piagets theory, stage of cognitive development (7-11) where children gain mental operations and think logically
Formal operational stage
Piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development where people think logically about abstract concepts (age 12)
Autism
A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by a deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding states of mind
Stranger anxiety
The fear of strangers infants commonly express at 8 months
Attachment
Emotional tie with another person. Shown in young children
Critical period
Optimal period after birth where exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development
Imprinting
Process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period
Temperament
A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Basic trust
According to Erik Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy - formed during infancy with good caregivers
Self concept
Our understanding and evaluation of who we are
Gender
Biological and social influence by people perceive male and female
Aggression
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someoen
X chromosome
Sex chromosome found in males and females
Y chromosome
Sex chromosome found only in male
Testosterone
Important male sex hormone
Role
A set of expectations about a social position, defining designing how those in the position ought to behave
Gender role
A set or expected behaviors for males and females
Gender identity
Our sense of being male or female
Gender typing
The acquisition of traditional masculine or feminine role
Social learning theory
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Adolescence
The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
Puberty
The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
Primary sex characteristics
The body structures that make reproduction possible
Secondary sex characteristics
Non reproductive sex characteristics like boobs, voice, build, hips
Menarche
First menstrual period
Identity
Our sense of self, according to Erickson, an adolescence a task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
Social identity
The we aspect of self concept. The part of the question of who am I is formed by groups.
Intimacy
Ability to form close loving relationships, primary development task
Emerging adulthood
Period late teens to mid twenties full independent adult hood
Menopause
The time to natural cessation of menstruation - biological changes a women goes through
Cross sectional study
A study in which people of different ages are compared
Longitudinal studies
Research with people of same age
Crystalized intelligence
Out accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age
Fluid intelegence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly tends to decrease during adulthood
Social clock
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage parenthood, and retirement
Preconventional
Self interests
Conventional
Caring for others, upholding laws and societies rules
Postconventiomal
Based on own ethical principals
Authoritarian
Impose rules expect obedience
Permissive
Submit to child's desires
Authoritative
Parents demanding and responsive, set rules and explain them
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