Psych 110 - POST TEST

The Type A behavior that is dangerous to health is:
a. cynical hostility
b. a highly reactive response to challenge
c. frequent irritability
d. a sense of time urgency
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The Type A behavior that is dangerous to health is:
a. cynical hostility
b. a highly reactive response to challenge
c. frequent irritability
d. a sense of time urgency
c. frequent irritability
Many Jungian archetypes are indirectly measured by the _____, a test that is used by many organizations to match job applicants with appropriate kinds of jobs.
a. Thematic Apperception Test
b. Myers-Briggs Personality Test
c. Minnesota Multiphase Personality Indicator (MMPI)
d. Wechsler Intelligence Scale
b. Myers-Briggs Personality Test
Individuals with a severe psychological disorder:
a. display clear symptoms that dominate their lives
b. are typically diagnosed as insane.
c. generally do not respond favorably to therapy.
d. all of these may be true.
a. display clear symptoms that dominate their lives.
Our sensory receptors play a key role in detecting ________ in the external world.
a. Comparisons
b. Changes
c. Similarities
d. Adaptations
b. Changes
Ernest Hilgard, a pioneer in hypnosis research, argued that:
a. hypnosis results from the social interaction of a therapist and the expectations of the subject.
b. hypnosis involves dissociation in which one part of the mind operates independently of others.
c. hypnosis creates a unique state in which people can do extraordinary things.
d. the hypnotized person is merely faking or playacting.
b. hypnosis involves dissociation in which one part of the mind operates independently of others.
Patricia is 63 years old and is beginning to lose some of her memory. She becomes confused and does not speak as well as she once did. These are signs that Patricia may be developing:
a. a depressive mood disorder.
b. cognitive-depressive disorder.
c. an anxiety disorder.
d. Alzheimer disease.
d. Alzheimer disease.
According to ________ theory, basic survival and security needs must be satisfied before one can move on to higher needs such as self-actualization.
a. Wiener's
b. Maslow's
c. Instinct
d. Evolutionary
b. Maslow's
Monica is really freaked out by germs. She imagines germs on every surface, washes her hands until they crack and bleed and has bottles of hand sanitizer everywhere - at home, in her office, in her car. It is most likely that she meets the criteria for:
a. Nothing - sounds normal to me!
b. Panic Disorder
c. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
d. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
c. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Lasting images or virtual snapshots that are frozen in memory at times of personal tragedy, personal happiness, or other significant events are called _____________ memories.
a. flashbulb
b. false
c. semantic
d. repressed
a. flashbulb
Drew Brees is an excellent NFL quarterback. As such, Drew Brees would be considered a(n):
a. Artificial concept
b. Concept hierarchy
c. Prototype
d. Natural concept
c. Prototype
The effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increases is known as ___________. a. social loafing b. compliance c. groupthink d. bystander effectd. bystander effectA dog has been conditioned to salivate to a bell of a certain tone. A bell with a slightly different tone is sounded and the dog does not salivate. This is an example of: a. operant conditioning b. Stimulus generalization c. Extinction d. Stimulus discriminationd. Stimulus discriminationWhen treating someone with ADHD: a. medication has to be prescribed for life. b. Studies have shown that most individuals given this diagnosis do not actually have it. c. Studies have shown that the most effective treatment is a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. d. None of these are true.c. Studies have shown that the most effective treatment is a combination of medication and behavioral therapy.Tyler has very positive relationships with his peers. He identifies strongly with them, is well liked, and confides closely in his best friends. Research shows that adolescents like Tyler tend to have: a. insecure relationships with their parents, because they focus more on their friends b. insecure relationships with their parents, so they use their friends to compensate. c. closer relationships with their same-sex parent than with their opposite-sex parent. d. close and secure relationships with their parents as well.d. close and secure relationships with their parents as well.A weakness of the psychoanalytic theory of dreaming is that: a. there is no reliable way to determine latent meanings. b. some theorists are skeptical about the ability to resolve ongoing concerns during sleep. c. the theory says more about REM sleep than about dreaming d. the theory doesn't explain non-REM dreams.a. there is no reliable way to determine latent meanings.The best evidence in support of the idea that hypnosis is actually an altered state of consciousness would be a. physiological changes in the brain that were related to the suggestions given. b. self-report questionnaire data. c. the finding that people will engage in behaviors under hypnosis that they would not otherwise. d. reports from people who were hypnotized during a stage show in Las Vegas.a. physiological changes in the brain that were related to the suggestions given.Which of the following is not a major kind of social influence? a. compliance b. conformity c. obedience d. cognitive dissonanced. cognitive dissonanceBandura's social cognitive theory of personality stresses the observation of adult behaviors as well as the concept of _____ in the development of a child's personality? a. modeling b. conditioning c. the unconscious d. geneticsa. modelingWe misjudge the causes of another person's behavior because we overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences. This is called____________. a. delusional thinking b. prejudice c. love d. the fundamental attribution errord. the fundamental attribution errorA person who is in the _________________, experiences the muscles tense, blood pressure rises, and digestion shuts down. a. exhaustion phase b. chronic stress phase c. resistance phase d. alarm phased. alarm phaseThe iceberg analogy is used to represent Freud's personality structure because a. it demonstrates the nature of personality as a huge destructive force. b. it represents the chilling and amoral view of human existence. c. it shows that most important processes occur beneath the level of consciousness. d. the size of the iceberg represents egocentrism and its location in the ocean isolation.c. it shows that most important processes occur beneath the level of consciousness.Labeling a person as mentally ill: a. is an essential component of effective mental health treatment. b. can provoke prejudices and social rejection. c. is helpful in self-understanding. d. is a required part of the research process.b. can provoke prejudices and social rejection.Considering how nature and nurture work together in the development of language, a. children are able to use their social skills to acquire language in specific contexts. b. the primary language center and the biological language device are both needed for language to develop c. there is a critical period for the combination of receptive words and expressive words. d. the development of receptive language is universal, while the development of spoken language differs across cultures.a. children are able to use their social skills to acquire language in specific contexts.Which is the best statement of the principle of natural selection? a. Over time, genetic variations become more common if they are adaptive in a particular environment. b. A species constantly improves as parents pass along their best traits to their offspring. c. Over time, the environment naturally selects some traits over others. d. If a trait or characteristic is no longer adaptive then the environment will select better, more-adaptive traits.a. Over time, genetic variations become more common if they are adaptive in a particular environment.As the four winners of the grade-school spelling bee posed for a picture, each thought about the day's success. Which child shows an external locus of control? a. Joel believes in great effort. b. Brandon believes in being persistent. c. Jillian believes she got lucky. d. Camille believes she is smart.c. Jillian believes she got lucky.Psychology is the study of: a. personality and social processes. b. unconscious desires and drives. c. behavior and emotions. d. behavior and mental processes.d. behavior and mental processes.This type of insight therapy assumes that psychological problems arise from erroneous thinking and sees rational thinking as the key to positive therapeutic change: a. Group therapy b. Behavioral therapy c. Rational Emotive Therapy d. Cognitive therapyd. Cognitive therapyAnimism and egocentrism represent limitations in the preoperational child's thinking in that they indicate an inability to: a. think symbolically. b. center attention on one characteristic. c. distinguish among different perspectives. d. reflect on the rationale underlying thoughtc. distinguish among different perspectives.The United States would be considered a _____ culture? a. Individualistic b. Holistic c. Humoristic d. Collectivistica. IndividualisticThe term "break from reality" most appropriately refers to individuals with what disorder? a. Dissociative Identity disorder b. Seasonal Affective Disorder c. Schizophrenia d. Multiple Personality Disorderc. SchizophreniaThis professional specialized in medicine, deals with severe mental problems, and prescribes medication: a. Clinical psychologist b. Counseling psychologist c. Psychiatrist d. Marriage and Family Therapistc. PsychiatristWhen asked about the input from each cerebral hemisphere, two well-known split-brain researchers, Michael Gazzaniga and Roger Sperry, would agree that: a. the mental skills of the left hemisphere are superior to those of the right hemisphere b. mental skills of the right hemisphere are superior to those of the left hemisphere. c. in normal brains, the left and right hemispheres cooperate naturally in everyday activities. d. the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere are equal in their mental skills.c. in normal brains, the left and right hemispheres cooperate naturally in everyday activities.Psychologists as well as other scientists need to confirm their findings by repeating observations, a process known as ________. a. evaluation b. objectivity c. replication d. empirical evidencec. replicationJohn sits in the back of the classroom and propels spitballs at other students. The teacher notices this and harshly reprimands John. John decreases his spitball propelling behavior. This is an example of: a. Positive punishment b. Positive reinforcement c. Negative punishment d. Negative reinforcementa. Positive punishmentThis type of therapy focuses on helping people understand their problems and change their thoughts, motives or feelings a. Insight therapy b. Cognitive-behavioral therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. Behavioral therapya. Insight therapySandy is a very outgoing person who likes being around other people and socializing with them. According to the Big Five trait theory of personality, Sandy would be considered a. showing signs of her masculine archetypes in her collective unconscious. b. conditioned through past reinforcements to be uncomfortable in social settings. c. using defense mechanisms to protect herself from feelings of inferiority. d. high on the stable and enduring personality disposition known as extraversion.d. high on the stable and enduring personality disposition known as extraversion.When considering the computer metaphor with the cognitive perspective of consciousness: a. conscious state is like the computer screen, while non-conscious processing is the electronic activity at work behind the scenes. b. the nervous system is stimulated like the movement of the mouse of the computer. c. the preconscious is like the desktop of the computer and the unconscious is like the software. d. the preconscious and the unconscious information meet in the memory like all information meets in the hard drive of CPU.a. conscious state is like the computer screen, while non-conscious processing is the electronic activity at work behind the scenes.Grouping or combining information into larger meaningful units as a way of improving the efficiency of one's short-term memory is called _____________. a. categorization b. chunking c. symbolization d. verbal labelingb. chunkingIn the ______ theory of motivation, a lack or a deficiency of something creates a state of tension which motivates us to reduce the deficiency. a. Attribution b. State-dependent c. Incentive d. Drive-reductiond. Drive-reductionThe gas cap on my car is stuck. I need some adhesive to make the gas cap stick. I have gum in my mouth and do not think that gum could be used as an adhesive to temporarily fix my gas cap. This is an example of what construct linked to thinking? a. Prototype b. Obstacle fixedness c. Mental set d. Functional fixednessd. Functional fixednessEmotion is BEST defined as __________. a. feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements b. cognitive responses that are the result of external or internal stimuli. c. physical or psychological responses to the fulfillment or frustration of our goals d. affective feelingsc. physical or psychological responses to the fulfillment or frustration of our goalsMost anti-psychotic drugs work by reducing the activity of which neurotransmitter? a. Norepinepherine b. Serotonin c. Dopamine d. GABAc. DopamineAs Caroline is walking across campus, a car swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Caroline's: a. sympathetic nervous system. b. skeletal nervous system. c. parasympathetic nervous system d. somatic nervous system.a. sympathetic nervous system.______ is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. a. Extinction b. Generalization c. Acquisition d. Spontaneous recoveryc. AcquisitionThis therapeutic technique involves presenting the individual with an attractive stimulus paired with an unpleasant or aversive stimulus to condition a repulsive reaction: a. Exposure therapy b. Contingency management c. Aversion therapy d. Systematic desensitizationc. Aversion therapyThis is an incurable disorder of motor control that involves muscles of the face and head and results from long-term use of anti-psychotic medication: a. Multiple sclerosis b. Tic disorder c. Parkinson's d. Tardive-dyskinesiad. Tardive-dyskinesiaThe scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others is called________. a. sociobehavioral psychology b. social psychology c. social science d. sociologyb. social psychologyErik Erikson wrote that: a. eight inevitable crises must be resolved as one moves through life. b. stage theories are inadequate in capturing life's developmental changes. c. personality is formed by the time a child turns five- or six-years-old. d. adult development is characterized by transitions and milestones.a. eight inevitable crises must be resolved as one moves through life.When people are deprived of REM sleep, they show which of the following behaviors when they can rest without disturbance? a. same amount of REM sleep as before. b. less REM sleep than normal. c. more REM sleep than normal d. fewer dreams than normal.c. more REM sleep than normalTransforming incoming information into a usable/understandable form is called ______________. a. retrieval b. storage c. organization d. encodingd. encodingLiking or having the desire for a relationship with another person is called __________. a. affective connections b. interpersonal attraction c. affective relations d. interpersonal attitudesb. interpersonal attractionThere are some problems that cannot be solved, but we can change the way we think about the problem. What coping method is being used when a person says, "I'm devastated that our home was flooded but at least it is still standing. Some of the houses closer to the river are completely gone." a. learning from the experience b. cultivating a sense of humor c. making social comparisons d. reappraising the situationc. making social comparisonsAccording to the serial position effect theory, which part of a list is MOST difficult to remember and thus deserve additional practice? a. beginning b. end c. all parts are of equal difficulty d. middled. middleWhat animal was willing to "jump" in the visual cliff exercise? a. Cats b. Pigs c. Raccoons d. Turtlesd. TurtlesThis is an active system that receives information, organizes and alters information as it is being stored away, and then retrieves the information from storage when needed. a. perception b. cognition c. intellect d. memoryd. memoryThe term insanity a. is a legal term. b. can be found frequently in the DSM-V. c. refers to an individual with a serious mental disorder who is not responsible for their actions. d. is used frequently by psychologists.a. is a legal term.Motivation is BEST defined as _________. a. the physiological and psychological sparks that occur when a person really wants to b. the various factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms c. what makes you do what you do d. the conscious and unconscious thoughts that focus a person's behaviors and emotionsb. the various factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organismsIf the Stanford-Binet was renamed for its French-United States authors, the exam would be renamed: a. Goodman-Binet IQ Test b. Terman-Binet IQ Test c. Binet-Terman IQ Test d. Binet-Binet IQ Testc. Binet-Terman IQ TestThis schedule of reinforcement initially produces modest rates of responding which rapidly increase immediately preceding the delivery of the reinforcer: a. Variable interval b. Variable ratio c. Fixed interval d. Fixed ratioc. Fixed intervalWhich correlational coefficient reflects the strongest relation between two variables? a. +.01 b. 200% c. -.20 d. +.07c. -.20