final (rest of roush)

Casts
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Terms in this set (31)
Casts
______cannot rigidly stabilize due to the movement of the bone allowed within the padding of the material, skin, and muscle --> can help with bending and rotation NOT with shear, compression, or tension
Casts
best for transverse, aligned fractures where the bone ends interact and can share load (touch together), Fractures with >50% reduction (cortices in line), <5o angulation, Fractures which have "internal splints" (bone pairs such as radius/ulna where, and nice calm dogs with good owners
Casts
Animals with _____ should be kept overnight then checked daily for owners and weekly by vets - May require a number of cast replacements by the time it's healed, do rads each month
Splints
downside is they are straight and flat --> risks sores. Should be used temporary so a better option can be made
Intramedullary (IM) pin
_________ are intended to put the metal at the center of force; within the bone. Unfortunately they're really strong in bending, but have no torsional stability alone.
Image: Intramedullary (IM) pin
Intramedullary (IM) pin
uses: Oblique and spiral fractures or Transverse fractures (w/ESF)
NOT to be used alone
Retrograde
from fracture to bone
Femur proximally or humerus
Image: Retrograde
Normograde
from either end of bone to
femur (either direction), tibia proximal, ulna proximally
Image: Normograde
Interlocking Nails
Pins that have holes through them so screws or bolts can be placed to "lock" the pin to the bone fragments and thus control rotation of fragments "internal bone plate"
Interlocking Nails
Transverse, oblique, or comminuted fractures in long bone diaphyses
Full CerclageTemporary fragment fixation; useful to replace and hold fragments until a definitive (bone plate) can be added. Useful on long oblique fractures; short oblique fractures are too short to get two wires on.HemicerclageUse only for temporary fixation, dependent on bending strength of wire. Drill tunnel 60 degrees --> wire pass through bone Just there to reduce fragments, not holdKirschner WiresUsed w/ orthopedic wire to form tension band, as anti rotational devices with single screws, as temporary reduction --> to stab thingsRush PinsRefers to technique where pins enter epiphysis, cross over and bounce off opposite cortex to make a spring effect. --> Controls all forces onRush PinsIndicated for epiphyseal, physeal , or metaphyseal fractures. "Dynamic" fixation; spring function of touching cortical walls.Tension Band FixationTurns distractive forces of muscle into compressive forces at fracture --> figure 8 of wire around pins to counteract pull of muscles (ie trochanter)External Skeletal FixationPins going into and/or through the bone and connected by a frame on the outside --> Counteracts all forces acting on a fracture and Does not require access to fracture site (of long bones normally)External Skeletal Fixation"Do not touch" techniques; leave the fracture site alone, leave fragments with whatever blood supply they still have, decrease contamination useful for open fractureType IStraight External Skeletal Fixation that is unilateral (has a type B with biplanar fixator)Type IIStraight External Skeletal Fixation that is bilateralType IIIStraight External Skeletal Fixation that is 3D- overkill in vetsCircular Ring Fixatorscan lengthen a bone --> Key concept is "distraction osteogenesis" bone healing induced by tensile forces on connective tissue.Bone PlatesProvides resistance to all forces acting on fractures (general)Orthopedic Screwsfully threaded cortical (some self tapping), fully threaded cancellous, partially threaded cancellous, and cannulated (hollow, can be placed over pins) are examples of _______________Lag screwsUseful for fragment placement. Provide compression across fracture lines --> the hole under the screw head is larger so the threads don't engage. When they engage in the far cortex, it pulls the far cortex towards the near cortex, creating compression.Lag screwsOnly screw that may be used aloneCompressionPlate mode that the fracture lines are compressed to decrease gap and increase rigidity.NeutralizationPlate mode that the forces on the fracture fragments are equaled out by the plate extending beyond both ends. Forces can be shared between fragments and plates.Plate mode that the plate "shores up" a fragment under compression during weight bearing.Bridging:Plate mode where there is a gap in the bone opposite the plate; the bone doesn't share weight.String of Pearlsversatile locking plate system --> Can be applied to all long bones, including mandible and pelvis (medial tibia is not good), Spinal stabilization, Cervical Vertebral Instability (Wobbler's), and Joint Arthrodesis