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32 terms
Newtonian World (OCR Physics A)
radian
an alternative unit for measuring angles
kelvin
unit of thermodynamic temperature
linear momentum
the product of mass and velocity
net force on a body
rate of change of its momentum
impulse of a force
force multiplied by the time for which the force acts
centripetal force
the net force on acting on an object moving in a circle; it is always directed towards the centre of the circle
gravitational field strength
force per unit mass
displacement
distance from an equilibrium position
amplitude
maximum displacement
period
the time taken for one complete oscillation of a vibrating object
frequency
number of oscillations per unit time
angular frequency
2 x pi x frequency
phase difference
the fraction of an oscillation between the vibrations of two oscillating particles (expressed in degrees or radians)
pressure
force per unit area
internal energy
the sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules of a system
latent heat of fusion
the thermal energy required to turn a solid into a liquid at constant temperature
latent heat of vaporisation
the thermal energy required to turn a liquid into a gas at constant temperature
Newton's first law
a body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by a force
Newton's second law
Rate of change of momentum is equal to the net force acting and takes place in the direction of that force.
Newton's third law
when one body exerts a force on another, the other body exerts an equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction) force on the first body
equilibrium
resultant force is zero
principle of conservation of momentum
total momentum is constant for a closed system
perfectly elastic collision
a collision with no loss of kinetic energy
inelastic collision
a collision with some loss of kinetic energy
Newton's law of gravitation
force between two masses is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
geostationary orbit
an equatorial orbit with a period of 24 hrs, moving from west to east
Kepler's third law
the cube of a planet's distance from the Sun is proportional to the square of its orbital period
simple harmonic motion
acceleration is directly proportional to displacement and is directed in the opposite direction to the displacement
thermal equilibrium
no net heat flow between objects
absolute zero
the temperature at which a substance has minimum internal energy
specific heat capacity
the energy required per unit mass of a substance to raise its temperature by 1K
Boyle's law
pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature