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Exercise & Health Promotion

Terms in this set (60)

What are the leading causes of death in US in 2016 and 2017?
1. heart disease
2. cancer
3. unintentional injuries
4. COPD
5. stroke
6. AD
7. diabetes
8. influenza and pneumonia
9. kidney disease
10. suicide
The number of deaths due to AD in people 75+ could be ___ times higher than the official count.
6
If the number of deaths due to AD in people 75+ are 6 times higher than the official count, that would make AD the _____ leading cause of death.
3rd
According to WHO, what is "health" in old age?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
According to Hansen-Kyle, what is "health" in old age?
a process of slowing down, physically and cognitively, while resiliently adapting and compensating in order to optimally function and participate in all areas of one's life-physical, cognitive, social, and spiritual
What are the determinates of health?
lifestyle, human biology, environment, healthcare
Lifestyle makes up ___% of the determinates of health.
51
Human biology makes up ___% of the determinates of health.
20
Environment makes up ___% of the determinates of health.2
19
Healthcare makes up ___% of the determinates of health.
10
In the past, what as health promotion?
absence of disease
What is health promotion?
prevention or delaying the onset of disease and disability
What are 3 ways to implement health promotion?
1. prevention of disease
2. delay onset of disease
3. slow progression of disease to avoid disability
What is the goal of health promotion?
to achieve maximum holistic health status
As of 2012, ___% of OAs (70+) have >1 health issue.
50
What are the types of prevention?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
What is primary prevention?
preventing disease before it starts
What is secondary prevention?
preventing disease while still asymptomatic or unreported
What is tertiary prevention?
minimizing the overall effects of an established disease
What is quaternary prevention?
reducing disability resulting from chronic symptoms
A study by RAND estimated that dementia is costing the US $______ per year in medical care and other costs.
157-215 billion
What are the multilevel factors for health behavior changes?
individual, family, community, health professionals, media, government
What are health behavior changes done on the individual level?
alcohol/drug use, exercise, diet, sexual habits, injury prevention health screenings, immunizations
What are health behavior changes done on the family level?
- habits start in childhood and can last for a lifetime
- attitudes about health behaviors are learned
Why are health behavior changes done at the community level important?
- public sanitation
- clean water supply
- sponsorship of health education programs
- promotion of safe environments, healthy foods
- provide special services to disadvantaged groups
What are health behavior changes done on the healthcare level that are very important?
health education and health counseling
What are ways to ensure an informative doctor' visit on the healthcare level of health behavior changes?
- begin keeping track of vital numbers
- write down questions down on an index card before going to appointment
- ask questions
- be honest
True or false. There are no disparities among individuals of different races and ethnicities.
false
What levels of government support health?
federal, state, local
In 2016, US healthcare spending reached $______.
3.3 trillion
In 2016, US healthcare spending reached $3.3 trillion. How much is that per person?
$10,348
What are major sources of funds for healthcare expenses?
private health insurance, medicare, medicaid, out of pocket
How much does private health insurance pay for healthcare costs?
$1.1 trillion in premium
How much does medicare pay for healthcare costs?
$672 billion
How much does medicaid pay for healthcare costs?
$565.5 billion
How much does out of pocket pay for healthcare costs?
$352.5 billion
What level of government is responsible for medicare?
federal
What level of government is responsible for medicaid?
states mostly, some federal
In comparison to other developed countries healthcare system, where does the US rank?
last
What are barrier to health promotion?
- attitudes about health care
- ethnic/culture beliefs
- access to care (availability and cost)
What are the attitudes about health care?
- skeptical
- wary of doctors/healthcare system
- lifetime habits --> difficult to change
How do we break down barriers to health promotion?
- adequate social support
- education
- openness to ideas
- vigilance
How do we provide adequate social support to break down barriers to health promotion?
counseling, motivation, adequate role models
How do we provide education to break down barriers to health promotion?
being able to identify risks, research options
How do we provide openness to ideas to break down barriers to health promotion?
responsibility of patient and healthcare system
How do we provide vigilance to break down barriers to health promotion?
being part of social group
Why type of exercise helps OAs say healthy in old age?
regular, systematic, appropriate
What are potential benefits of exercise for OAs?
- aerobic capacity and cardiovascular function
- muscle strength
- flexibility
- bone mass
- metabolic function
- blood pressure
- psychological well-being
- decrease morbidity and mortality
What are the types of exercise?
isometric, isotonic, aerobic, resistance, flexibility and balance
Identify the types of exercise based on this criteria:
- engage in very specific muscles for a very brief period of time
- no joints are moved
isometric
Identify the types of exercise based on this criteria:
- involves some activity of joints/muscles
- not continuous enough to produce cardiovascular benefits
isotonic
Identify the types of exercise based on this criteria:
- requires body to use oxygen to produce enough energy to carry out the activity
- continuous activity and large muscle groups
aerobic
Identify the types of exercise based on this criteria:
- using muscles against a greater than normal force
resistance
Identify the types of exercise based on this criteria:
- increases range of motion, prevents falls
flexibility and balance
According to the CDC, adults need at least ___ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activities that work all major muscle groups on 2 or more days of the week.
150
According to the CDC, adults need at least ___ minutes of vigorous-intensity activity and muscle-strengthening activities that work all major muscle groups on 2 or more days of the week.
75
What are the exercise guidelines for OAs?
- seek physician advice first
- use heart rate or perceived level of exertion as a guide ("talk test")
- engage in all 3 workout phase
- avoid hard straining and breath-holding
What are the 3 workout phases?
warm-up, workout, cool-down
What is the target heart rate (THR) for OAs?
~60-75% of a person's maximum heart rate
Who is Dr. Saburo Shochi?
- born August 16, 1906
- 7 world tours (6 out of 7 were made after turned 100)
- said secret to longevity is to "smile"
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