Government Chapter 11,12,14 (Final)

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Which statement is true about the distribution of congressional representation across the United States?
A) All states have an equal number of representatives
B) All states have an equal number of senators
C) Each state has a number of senators and representatives proportionate to its population
D) Each state has a number of senators proportionate to its population
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Terms in this set (75)
Which statement is true about the distribution of congressional representation across the United States?
A) All states have an equal number of representatives
B) All states have an equal number of senators
C) Each state has a number of senators and representatives proportionate to its population
D) Each state has a number of senators proportionate to its population
All states have an equal number of senators
After each census, House of Representatives seats are assigned based on recent population shifts among the states. What term defines this process?
A) Reapportionment
B) Casework
C) Gerrymandering
D) Redistricting
Reapportionment
How many presidents have been impeached and tried by the Senate?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 1
D) 0
3
What determines that the House of Representatives has the power to approve presidential appointments and make treaties?
A) The President of the United States
B) The Supreme Court
C) The United States Constitution
D) The Senate
The United States Constitution
An elected representative is running for reelection and has a high chance to win because voters recognize the name of the elected representative. What is this phenomenon called?
A) The Incumbency Effect
B) Redistricting
C) Gerrymandering
D) Descriptive Representation
The Incumbency Effect
Why is the high reelection rate of incumbents surprising?
A) Gerrymandering tends to benefit the opposition.
B) Voter apathy has increased significantly in the last few years.
C) Most Americans do not hold Congress as a whole in especially high esteem.
D) The opposition can use franking privilege.
Most Americans do not hold Congress as a whole in especially high esteem.
A current officeholder who is running for reelection aims to reach a wide range of constituents. One reason is because the officeholder has the ability to send mail and e-mails at taxpayer expense. Which incumbent advantage does this demonstrate?
A) Redistricting
B) Franking privilege
C) Gerrymandering
D) The incumbency effect
Franking privilege
What is gerrymandering?
A) A member of Congress talks for hours to prevent the membership from voting on a volatile topic.
B) The boundaries of congressional districts are redrawn to intentionally benefit one political party.
C) A PAC provides soft money to an interest group.
D) The voters continually elect incumbents into office.
The boundaries of congressional districts are redrawn to intentionally benefit one political party.
What is the view that a legislature should resemble the demographic characteristics of the population it represents called?
A) Descriptive representation
B) Reapportionment
C) Racial gerrymandering
D) Congressional oversight
Descriptive representation
What do Members of Congress submit when proposing a new law in the formal legislation process?
A) Amendment
B) Referendum
C) Agenda
D) Bill
Bill
If the Senate and House pass different versions of a bill, the legislation is sent to a committee where legislators from both chambers compromise and develop a revised version of the bill. What is the committee called? A) Joint committee B) Standing committee C) Select committee D) Conference committeeConference committeeWho is responsible for implementing a pocket veto? A) The President of the United States B) The Speaker of the House C) The President Pro Tempore of the Senate D) The Vice President of the United StatesThe President of the United StatesA representative is a member of a permanent congressional committee that specializes in agricultural policy which only includes members of the House of Representatives. On which type of committee is the representative serving? A) Select committee B) Standing committee C) Joint committee D) Conference committeeStanding committeeThrough which process do committees review the operations of a federal agency to determine whether it is carrying out policies as Congress intended? A) Oversight B) Casework C) Seniority D) ReapportionmentOversightWhat is the title of the leader of the Democratic party in a Republican majority House of Representatives? A) Minority leader B) Speaker of the House C) Minority whip D) Majority whipMinority leaderWhat is the title of the head of the majority party in the Senate? A) Minority leader B) Speaker of the House C) President Pro Tempore D) Majority leaderMajority leaderWhich of the following behaviors is characteristic of a senator that decides to filibuster? A) Asking Congress to begin the process of impeachment B) Using the franking privilege to prevent an incumbent from returning to office C) Gathering support from colleagues to ensure the vote will be favorable D) Engaging in unlimited debate in order to prevent a bill from coming to voteEngaging in unlimited debate in order to prevent a bill from coming to voteWhat is a cloture? A) The process of reviewing the operations of an agency to determine whether it is carrying out policies as Congress intended B) A letter requesting that a bill be held from floor debate C) The mechanism by which a filibuster is cut off in the Senate D) A delaying tactic used in the Senate that allows any senator to prevent a bill from coming to a voteThe mechanism by which a filibuster is cut off in the SenateWhich two powerful influences on the legislature push Congress toward majoritarianism? A) Parties and the president B) Constituents and interest groups C) Lobbies and regulatory agencies D) State legislators and local committeesParties and the presidentThe public's expectations of what the president can accomplish in office changed during the 20th raised to the th power century. What role does the public now expect of the president that was rarely embarked upon in the past? A) Goodwill ambassador B) Foreign diplomat C) Champion of civil rights D) Chief legislatorChief legislatorWhat is the name for citizens who live and vote in a legislator's district or state called? A) Trustees B) Constituents C) Delegates D) IncumbentsConstituentsIf a member of the House of Representatives supports an environmental protection bill even if the constituents in the representative's district are not likely to support the legislation, what type of representative behavior is taking place? A) Whip B) Delegate C) Trustee D) CaseworkerTrusteeIn a parliamentary system, the chief executive is the leader whose party holds the most seats in the legislature, with virtually no checks from outside. Compared to the American system which of the following best describes a parliamentary system? A) Autocracy B) Separation of powers C) Majoritarian democracy D) Pluralist democracyMajoritarian democracyUp until 2011, appropriation bills often included federal funds that were for use on local projects, such as bridge replenishment, and were added to the bill without debate. What were these funds called? A) Earmarks B) Constituents C) Reapportionment D) GerrymanderingEarmarksAn elected representative votes to support a piece of legislation. The representative fundamentally disagrees with the legislation but believes the majority of constituents support the policy. Which term describes how the representative is behaving? A) Oversight B) Trustees C) Filibuster D) DelegateDelegateWhen the delegates to the Constitutional Convention created the presidency, which concept or philosophy was reflected in their final structure? A) Delegation of powers B) Unitary executive C) Checks and balances D) Powerful presidencyChecks and balancesWhat is one of the requirements for the presidency that is stated in the United States Constitution? A) Be a registered voter B) Be at least twenty-five years old C) Be a citizen born in the United States D) Have lived in the United States for at least ten yearsBe a citizen born in the United StatesThe president is given the right to "receive Ambassadors" under which constitutional power? A) Appoint various officials B) Serve as administrative head of the nation C) Make treaties D) Act as commander in chief of the militaryMake treatiesWhat is a check the president has over the legislative branch? A) Bully pulpit B) Signing statement C) Veto D) Executive orderVetoWhat is the presidential power to release persons accused or convicted of a federal crime from all or part of their punishment called? A) Signing statement B) Pocket veto C) Bully pulpit D) PardonPardonWhich of the following is a controversial but increasingly common action that presidents take in the role of commander in chief? A) Act as the nation's administrative head B) Appoint officials that influence policy C) Make treaties without congressional permission D) Enter foreign conflicts without appealing to CongressEnter foreign conflicts without appealing to CongressWhich term refers to the duties or authorities claimed by the president that are not clearly specified in the Constitution, but rather inferred from it? A) Inherent powers B) Delegation of powers C) Executive order D) Bully pulpitInherent powersPresident George W. Bush secretly authorized the National Security Agency to wiretap telephone calls without a warrant between people within the United States and people overseas with suspected links to terrorism after September 11th raised to the th power, 2001. Which presidential power was Bush using? A) Proclamation B) Bully pulpit C) Signing statement D) Executive OrderExecutive OrderWhich of the following best demonstrates congressional delegation of powers? A) Both chambers of Congress hold a public forum to give more power to the people. B) Congress gives additional authority to the executive branch to address a problem. C) Congress takes powers from the president to uphold a fair and democratic system. D) A leader in the House gives tasks to committee members to split the workload.Congress gives additional authority to the executive branch to address a problem.Which individual often acts as a first among equals or, in some administrations, the leader of the president's inner circle? A) Chief of staff B) National Security Advisor C) Cabinet secretary D) Vice PresidentChief of staffMembers of the cabinet meet with the president to debate major policy decisions, but in practice, these meetings have been described as unproductive. What quality about the cabinet contributes to this issue? A) The cabinet is composed of members with limited areas of expertise. B) The cabinet lacks diversity (religion, gender, race, etc.) and has too narrow of a view. C) The cabinet lacks support from the White House staff members. D) The cabinet's membership is too small to get work done efficiently.The cabinet is composed of members with limited areas of expertise.What is the name of the president's extended executive establishment, which employs about 1,800 people and has an annual budget of $709 million? A) President's Cabinet B) National Security Agency C) Executive Office of the President D) White House OfficeExecutive Office of the PresidentWhich common advisory style for organizing the White House staff was demonstrated by President Eisenhower, mirroring a military command with clear lines of authority? A) Collegial staffing arrangement B) Hierarchical staff model C) Presidential authoritative structure D) Chaotic management styleHierarchical staff modelIn his book, Presidential Power, Richard Neustadt stresses that a president's powers are embodied in which single characteristic? A) Courage B) Trust C) Wealth D) PersuasionPersuasionWhat does presidential concern with public opinion promote? A) Pluralism B) Majoritarian democracy C) Liberalism D) The congressional agendaMajoritarian democracyWhat is the situation in which one party controls the White House and the other controls at least one house of Congress called? A) Bully pulpit B) Divided government C) Majoritarian democracy D) Delegation of powersDivided governmentBased on scholarship on presidential leadership characteristics, which of the following presidential candidates would be best suited to hold office? A) A candidate who is an accomplished leader with a history of infidelity B) A candidate who is kind yet cunning and aggressive in business C) A candidate who has a strong self-esteem and emotional intelligence D) A candidate who is combative but articulate when communicatingA candidate who has a strong self-esteem and emotional intelligenceThe differing intentions of U.S. presidents throughout history is demonstrated by the words used in their inaugural addresses. For example, Lyndon Johnson continually used the words justice and injustice, while Ronald Reagan repeated which word fourteen times during his second inaugural address? A) Equality B) Justice C) Welfare D) FreedomFreedomWhich president demonstrated a critical change in legislative leadership by asking and receiving more of Congress than ever before in history, with the enactment of fifteen significant laws in the first 100 days? A) Abraham Lincoln B) Ronald Reagan C) Franklin Roosevelt D) Lyndon JohnsonFranklin RooseveltWhich group acts as the communications link between the White House and Congress, informing the president of a pending bill's status and problem areas? A) White House Office B) Executive Office of the President C) Legislative liaison staff D) President's CabinetLegislative liaison staffWhich presidential role is an informal duty with no formally prescribed tasks and no formal responsibilities, but is an expectation to lead with shared values and beliefs? A) Party Leader B) Chief Legislator C) Chief Lobbyist D) Commander in ChiefParty LeaderWhat topic preoccupied American presidents from the end of World War II until the late 1980s? A) Ending poverty and hunger B) Containing communist expansion C) The war on drugs D) Fighting terrorismContaining communist expansionAn administrative assistant in a large government entity helps the president formulate and implement foreign policy. The assistant's current project is to help staff and provided services in the U.S. embassy in Tokyo, Japan. For which entity does the administrative assistant most likely work? A) The Intelligence Community B) The National Security Council C) The Defense Department D) The State DepartmentThe State DepartmentOf the three fundamental objectives of international relations that concern modern presidents, which was particularly reflected in President Obama's decision to ambush Osama bin Laden? A) Fostering a peaceful international environment B) Protecting U.S. economic interests C) Managing global crises D) Maintaining national securityMaintaining national securityWhat is best for the president to do during a time of crisis? A) Act as quickly as possible to resolve the issue at hand B) Examine the reasoning underlying all options to ensure that their assumptions are valid C) Draw on the opinion of a single adviser D) Choose a course of action that will please the most constituentsExamine the reasoning underlying all options to ensure that their assumptions are validWhat type of cases involve a violation of public order? A) Civil B) Criminal C) Class action D) AppellateCriminalWhy did the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court refuse to resume the position after his first tenure? A) It lacked the wherewithal to contribute to national affairs B) It was biased in favor of business interests C) It only carried out the dictates of the chief executive D) It was corrupt and involved in illegal activitiesIt lacked the wherewithal to contribute to national affairsWhich question arose from the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) that was fundamentally important to the future of the new republic? A) Which process should occur when a law is vetoed by the president? B) If a congressional law clashes with the U.S. Constitution, which takes precedence? C) Should more consideration be given to state or federal law? D) What should the courts do if laws are ignored by the American people?If a congressional law clashes with the U.S. Constitution, which takes precedence?What did the landmark ruling in Marbury v. Madison (1803) establish? A) Judicial activism B) Judicial review C) Senatorial courtesy D) Statutory constructionJudicial reviewWhat can the federal courts do if a state law appears to conflict with federal laws or treaties? A) Nothing B) Request gubernatorial repeal C) Ask district court for review D) Invalidate the lawInvalidate the lawWhy was lifetime tenure for federal judges established? A) To entice the most qualified to serve in the judiciary B) To ensure continuity in one branch of government C) To free the judiciary from executive or legislative control D) To reward political supporters of the majority partyTo free the judiciary from executive or legislative controlWhich type of case stems from disputed claims to something of value? A) Civil B) Appellate C) Class action D) CriminalCivilAn individual is on trial for fleeing from the scene of a car accident. The individual was at fault and caused the accident. To avoid suffering a severe punishment from the court, the lawyer of the accused recommends filing a plea of guilty with the court. If the individual agrees to do so, what is the action called? A) Establishing precedent B) Making a plea bargain C) Initiating statutory construction D) Requesting judicial reviewMaking a plea bargainOne of the two ways that judges make policy is to rule on matters that no existing legislation addresses, thereby setting legal precedents. What does this approach create? A) Judicial restraint B) Penal code C) Common law D) Statutory constructionCommon LawWhich courts are within the lowest tier of the three-tiered federal court system? A) U.S. district courts B) U.S. courts of appeals C) U.S. Supreme Court D) Appellate jurisdictionU.S. district courtsWhich Latin expression refers to the bias toward existing rulings, that is, the tendency for courts to rely on precedent? A) Plea bargain B) Stare decisis C) Amicus curiae D) CertiorariStare decisisWhat informal agreement do Supreme Court justices rely upon when considering adding new cases to the docket? A) Concurrence B) Original jurisdiction C) Appellate jurisdiction D) Rule of fourRule of fourWhat is the main role of the solicitor general? A) Act as a gatekeeper who determines which cases will be heard by the Supreme Court B) Represent the national government before the Supreme Court C) Draft a petition for certiorari to get information about lower court proceedings D) Address questions and concerns from the press after Supreme Court trialsRepresent the national government before the Supreme CourtWhat is the philosophy by which judges tend to defer to decisions of the elected branches of government called? A) Statutory construction B) Judicial activism C) Common law D) Judicial restraintJudicial restraintA Supreme Court justice is presiding over a case involving copyright infringement. The majority of the justices, including this one, rule that the defendant is guilty, but this justice has a different justification for the ruling. Which term best describes the judicial opinion the justice will draft after the trial? A) Concurrence B) Ambiguity C) Argument D) DissentingConcurrenceWhich area of government determines the compensation received by federal judges? A) Judicial branch B) Bureaucracy C) Legislative branch D) Executive branchLegislative branchWhat is senatorial courtesy? A) Briefs filed with the permission of the court by an individual or group that is not a party to a legal action but has an interest in the outcome of the case B) A defendant's admission of guilt in exchange for a less severe punishment C) A norm under which a nomination must be acceptable to the home state senator from the president's party D) Judicial interpretation of legislative acts that clarifies the meaning of lawA norm under which a nomination must be acceptable to the home state senator from the president's partyWhich entity regularly evaluates potential appointees for federal courts using a three-value scale of ''well qualified,'' ''qualified,'' and ''not qualified"? A) Solicitor General B) Judicial Selection Committee C) American Bar Association D) Senate Judiciary CommitteeAmerican Bar AssociationWhat concept appears to be at the center of today's decisions on judicial appointments? A) Wealth B) Political ideology C) Demographics D) Gender parityPolitical ideologyWhich of the following Supreme Court Justices was nominated by President Trump and confirmed by the Senate? A) Samuel Alito B) Elena Kagan C) Neil Gorsuch D) John G. RobertsNeil GorsuchIn preparing their opinions, Supreme Court justices often compromise and moderate their arguments in order to gain the most support and hold their majorities together. What is the consequence of this compromise and moderation? A) Dissent B) Concurrence C) Ambiguity D) Plea bargainAmbiguityPublic opinion is not always reflected in Supreme Court decisions. Which of the following topics has heard consistent rulings from the Supreme Court despite five decades of disagreement on the issue? A) Same-sex marriage B) Federal banking C) Free speech D) School prayerSchool prayerA private citizen wants to pursue legal action against a business that uses discriminatory hiring practices but fears that with limited financial resources, the case will not move forward. Rather than file alone, the individual works with a legal team to identify others who were also subjected to discriminatory hiring practices. If the legal team successfully identifies multiple people and gets everyone on the same claim, what will likely happen next? A) Enter a plea bargain B) File a class action lawsuit C) Draft an amicus curiae brief D) Appeal the caseFile a class action lawsuitHow do state courts avoid review by the U.S. Supreme Court? A) Practicing judicial activism B) Basing decisions solely on state law C) Refusing to hear cases based on constitutional issues D) Ignoring applicable federal lawBasing decisions solely on state lawWhich intervening variable impacts decision making in courts at all levels? A) Impartiality B) Political party C) Amicus curiae D) AmbiguityPolitical party