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patho mod 6

Terms in this set (49)

an acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid
meningitis
A brain abscess is usually the result of a:
Chronic infection of sinuses, middle ear, or mastoids or systemic infection
What is the most common cause of a subdural empyema?
Osteomyelitis
What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor?
Glioma
Which of the following is the most common type of glioma?
Astrocytoma
What are the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the brain?
Lung and breast
Most common form and is most often caused by Haemophilus influenzae in neonates and young children and by meningococci and pneumococci in adolescents and adults
Bacterial Meningitis
Can be caused by mumps, poliovirus, and occasionally the herpes simplex virus
Viral meningitis
Can be caused by tuberculous infection
Chronic meningitis
Viral inflammation of the brain and meninges in which roughly 30% occur in children.
Encephalitis
Pus-filled swelling in the brain that is typically the result of chronic infections of the middle ear, paranasal sinuses, or mastoid air cells, or of systemic infections such as pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis, and osteomyelitis.
Brain abscess
Suppurative process in the space between the inner surface of the dura and the outer surface of the arachnoid.
Subdural empyema
Infectious process is outside the dural membrane and beneath the inner table of the skull and almost always associated with osteomyelitis in a cranial bone originating from an infection in the ear or paranasal sinuses
Epidural empyema
Highly malignant and predominantly cerebral.
Glioblastoma
Slow-growing and can form large cavities or pseudocysts.
Astrocytomas
Most commonly arise from the walls of the fourth ventricle in children, and from the lateral ventricles in adults.
Ependymomas
Rapidly growing tumors that typically spread throughout the spinal fluid
Medulloblastomas
Slow-growing lesions that usually arise in the cerebrum and have a tendency to calcify
Oligodendrocytomas
benign tumors that arise from arachnoid lining cells and are attached to the dura. They make up 25% of all spinal tumors.
Meningiomas
Noncancerous and usually very slow-growing tumor that develops on the vestibular nerve leading from the inner ear to the brain.
Acoustic neuroma
Benign tumors that contain both cystic and solid components and generally originate above the sella turcica, from embryonic remnants.
Craniopharyngiomas
Most common tumors of the pineal gland that typically occur in males younger than 25.
Germinomas and Teratomas
Sinus infections can spread to the brain and cause an empyema or abscess. T/F
True
MRI is considered the best imaging modality for suspected brain tumors. T/F
True
The most common type of primary brain tumor is a glioma.
True
A floating palate (horizontal). Involves a horizontal maxillary fracture leaving the teeth are separated from the upper face.
Le Fort I
A floating maxilla (pyramidal). Involves a pyramidal fracture, with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex.
Le Fort II
A floating face (transverse). Craniofacial disjunction with a transverse fracture line that passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall, and zygomatic arch/zygomaticofrontal suture
Le Fort III
Caused by acute arterial bleeding
Epidural Hemotoma
Venous bleeding most commonly from ruptured veins between the dura and meninges
Subdural Hematoma
Injury to brain tissue that occurs when the brain contacts rough skull surfaces, such as the superior orbital roof and petrous ridges as a result of blunt trauma
Cerebral contusion
Bleeding or hemorrhage into the parenchyma
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Bleeding into the ventricular system
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bones. T/F
True
Radiography of the skull for fractures is essential to the diagnosis of associated brain injury. T/F
False
Bilateral fractures are common in the mandible. T/F
True
Paralysis on one side of the body is termed:
Hemiplegia
A focal neurologic defect that completely resolves within 24 hours is known as a:
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A condition in which brain impulses are disturbed and that causes symptoms ranging from loss of consciousness to violent seizures is:
Epilepsy
Any process that is caused by an abnormality of the blood vessels or blood supply to the brain is termed:
Cerebrovascular Disease
The mildest type of epilepsy that occurs primarily in children is termed:
Petit mal epilepsy
Radiographic imaging of the sinuses requires a _______________ beam.
Horizontal
An abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles that occurs when the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked after it exits the ventricles is referred to as a:
Communicating hydrocephalus
Match the sinus to the age of developmentAt birth as a slitlike space
Maxillary
Match the sinus to the age of development
6 years of age
Ethmoid
Match the sinus to the age of development
10 years of age
Frontal
Match the sinus to the age of development
Late adolescence
Sphenoid
Aside from head trauma, the principal cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage is hypertensive vascular disease. T/F
True
Huntington disease is a disabling disease of the central nervous system in which the immune system attacks the protective sheath. T/F
False
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