Ch 14: Positive Mental Health Interventions and Initiatives
Term
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disease model
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Definition
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placing emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; therapy begins with assessment of symptoms and psychologist would determine whether these symptoms meet DSM criteria
social integrationfeeling a sense of belonging and supportsocial contributionfeeling that your life is useful to societysocial coherenceunderstanding how your community or society workssocial actualizationbelieving that your community and society have potential and can evolve positivelystrength overusewhen people excessively employ their strengths even when those strengths aren't helpfulstrength underusewhen people don't draw sufficiently on their strengths when those strengths might be helpfulpositive psychology interventionsdesigned to increase people's levels of virtually any positive psychology variable imaginable, including gratitude, mindfulness, hope, forgiveness, and kindnessprimary goal to nurture/ increase positive psych variables, research shows intervention changes the variable, research shows that improving the variable will lead to desirable outcomes3 criteria for positive psychology interventionsLIFE (layered integrated framework example)first dimension about objective versus subjective, second dimension contrasts individual with collectivesubjective- individualinterventions targeting individual's thoughts and feeling (gratitude, optimism, and hope interventions, positive psychotherapy)subjective-collectiveinterventions targeting relationships and shared meaningsintersubjective domainpeople's subjective experience of being in relationship to one another or being in a particular cultureobjective-individualinterventions targeting physiological outcomes or changes in the brain (medication, exercise, dietary changes)objective-collectiveinterventions targeting systems, laws, or societal structures (school-based health clinics, public health campaigns)mind body dualismthe notion that the mind and body are made of different substances and therefore are separate from one anotherCBTtherapists present technique called cognitive restructuring as a way of changing client's disordered, negative thinking, can be oriented to be strengths based to improve outcomespositive activity intervention (PAI)significantly overlaps in meaning with PPI, activities designed to increase wellbeing by promoting positive feelings, positive thoughts, or positive behaviorsinterventions for character strengthsusing your strength on a daily basis, finding new ways to use strengthsinterventions for gratitude and admirationcounting your blessings, writing a gratitude letterinterventions for hopesetting and refining goals, envisioning pathways/plans for pursuing goalsinterventions for kindnessperforming random acts of kindness, noting kind acts you already performinterventions for optimismwriting about your best possible selfhope therapyhope can be increased; in experiment with 8 sessions of hope-based or no-treatment therapy, those with hope-therapy showed greater increases in agency, self-esteem, and purpose in lifegoal, pathways, agency3 techniques of hope therapy for increasing wellbeingWBT and PPT2 interventions to decrease negative affect and experiences (primarily address depression)well being therapyone of the oldest PPIs, targets various components of Ryff's model of psychological wellbeing- environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, autonomy, self-acceptance, and positive relations with others; standard treatment is 8-16 weekly or biweekly sessions lasting 45-60 minuteswell being therapy3 phases: first two concerned with helping clients identify episodes in past and present in which they've felt a sense of wellbeing- keep structured diary in which they write down episodes of wellbeing and details about how/when; then, help identify the distorted or irrational thoughts blocking wellbeing from occurring more often; then, introduce Ryff's six dimensions of psychological wellbeing, directly relating them to what has been discovered about the client's life during earlier sessionspositive psychotherapygoal to balance discussion of negatives with positives; 3 premises: 1) psychopathology can result when challenges and problems in life thwart clients' capacities for growth, fulfillment, and wellbeing; 2) strengths and positive feelings important in their own right; 3) not all clients in need of deep, long term discussions about their troublespositive psychotherapy14 sessions divided into 3 phases: 1) therapists encourage clients to explore balanced narrative of themselves, admitting problems but also identifying their strengths; use positive introduction; 2) therapists help clients cultivate positive emotions and deal adaptively with negative memories; 3) therapists introduce exercises to help clients foster positive relationships, meaning, and purpose (visualize a positive legacy for their lives)reproducibilitythe capability of two or more independent studies, using the same methodology, to find the same resultsreplicabilitythe capability of two or more independent studies using similar, though not necessarily identical methodologies, to find similar results
