HS 200 Exam 3

A major disadvantage to cloning
a. cheaper than sexual reproduction
b. increases genetic diversity
c. limits genetic diversity
d. enhances the health of the plat
e. even a child can do it
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A major disadvantage to cloning
a. cheaper than sexual reproduction
b. increases genetic diversity
c. limits genetic diversity
d. enhances the health of the plat
e. even a child can do it
c. limits genetic diversity
Term to describe seeds that germinate and grow normally
a. alive
b. viable
c. ripe
d. reliable
e. friable
b. viable
Best method to stratify physiologically dormant temperate seeds:
a. store seeds dry, in the fridge for 60-90 days
b. mechanical treatment
c. polyethylene bag treatment
d. put seeds in moist media, and store in the fridge for 1-3 months
e. sulfuric acid
d. put seeds in moist media, and store in the fridge for 1-3 months
Order of treatment for temperate seeds that are "Double Dormant":
a. Stratification, followed by planting
b. Scarification, followed by planting
c. Scarification, followed by stratification, followed by planting
d. Stratification, followed by scarification, followed by planting
e. just plant the "stinkin" seeds!
c. Scarification, followed by stratification, followed by planting
The "easiest", and most economic way to overcome self-incompatibility in plants would be:
a. plant pollinator plants to ensure cross-pollination
b. the "Mr. Rogers" method(neighborhood method)
c. pollinate by hand
d. buy a honey bee hive
e. plant a pollinator garden
b. the "Mr. Rogers" method(neighborhood method)
To increase the longevity of most seeds you should store them in which of the following conditions?
a. in the freezer(Less than or equal to 32F, 30-40% relative humidity)
b. in the refrigerator(40F with 30-40% relative humidity)
c. on top of the furnace(85F)
d. in a jar of sulfuric acid
e. in a polyethylene plastic bag with peat moss, in the kitchen drawer
b. in the refrigerator(40F with 30-40% relative humidity)
Plant pigment that contributes to the bright red and purples we see in the Fall on our deciduous trees:
a. xanthophylls
b. carotenes
c. chlorophyll
d. anthocyanin
e. red Kool-Aid
d. anthocyanin
What do you call a group of plants all derived from the same individual and propagated exclusively by vegetative means?
a. cultivar
b. clone
c. cutting
d. variety
e. mutation
b. clone
An example of a self-incompatible plant that requires home garden attention would be:
a. plum
b. blueberry
c. tomato
d. cucumber
e. peach
a. plum
Your neighbor asks you why every time they cultivate the rows between their vegetable plants to control weeds, two weeks later they have more weeds to contend with than they had before. What do you tell them?
a. birds flew in and deposited more weeds, so control the birds
b. often times weed seeds blow in on windy days
c. many seeds require exposure to light and the weed seeds below the soil were brought closer to the surface by cultivation
d. the seeds were dormant and it got warm enough to try and germinate them
e. you have nasty neighbors who are trying to undermine your gardening efforts
c. many seeds require exposure to light and the weed seeds below the soil were brought closer to the surface by cultivation
What part of a "plant pregnancy" is different genetic info than the mother? This explains why a grafter '5-N-1' apple will always produce more than one kind of fruit regardless of "who" pollinates the flowers. a. the fruit b. the ovary c. the seed d. the stigma e. the beec. the seedWhat did Bryce use to maintain high relative humidity around his hydrangea cuttings taken in mid-May and early June? a. special heating pad placed under the cuttings b. jars of water c. clear plastic ice cream container d. overhead misting system connected to the outdoor faucet e. clear plastic bin from targete. clear plastic bin from targetWhat does a Dendrochronologist do? a. verifies climactic events in history by looking at tree's growth rings b. studies how climate influences fall color in deciduous trees c. studies trees' longevity based on environment d. takes long walks in the forest e. studies asparagusa. verifies climactic events in history by looking at tree's growth ringsWhat is the most correct term to describe flowers that are missing pistils? a. complete b. incomplete c. perfect d. staminate e. pistillated. staminateIf you had a 1000 very small physically dormant temperate woody plant seeds and wanted to scarify them successfully, quickly, and safely, what method would you choose to use? a. sulfuric acid method b. mechanical method c. put them in the fridge in a polyethylene bag with moist soil for 3 months d. hot water method e. cut seed with a knifed. hot water methodHow do we know for sure when temperate woody seeds are ripe? a. check the calendar b. the fruit falls off the plant c. their leaves fall off the plant d. they post it on social media e. they dieb. the fruit falls off the plantDioecious plants have a. separate staminate flowers and pistillate flowers on the same plant b. staminate flowers on one plant and pistillate flowers on a different plant of the same species c. leaves that fall off in autumn before winter d. imperfect flowers on the same plant e. perfect flowers on different plants of the same speciesb. staminate flowers on one plant and pistillate flowers on a different plant of the same speciesWhy is it so important to know if a plant is dioecious or not? a. it may have desirable fruit b. it may have undesirable fruit c. it may not flower d. all of the above e. a&be. a&bMonoecious plants have a. staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants of the same species b. male flowers and female flowers on different plants of the same species c. perfect flowers on a single plant d. staminate flowers and pistillate flowers on the same plant e. different plants with mono flowersd. staminate flowers and pistillate flowers on the same plantIt is important to know that plants in the genus Ilex(holly) are dioecious. Why? a. because they all have staminate flowers b. because many have undesirable fruit c. because the females produce desirable red fruit d. because male hollies have spiny leaves e. because when you plant them, they should all be femalec. because the females produce desirable red fruitDo the male plants of the dioecious Ginkgo biloba produce flowers? a. no, they are male b. yes c. only when there is a female around. d. only in October e. only when you beat them with a stickb. yesWhere does pollination occur (be specific) in plants? a. anther b. stigma c. style d. pollen tube e. ovaryb. stigmaMarkings on a flower that indicate to pollinators that there is nectar in the flower: a. nectary b. petals c. sepals d. nectar guides e. bee GPSd. nectar guidesFlower color hummingbirds are most attracted to: a. blue b. yellow c. green d. pink e. rede. redWhat do you call a whole plant in miniature, surrounded by a protective covering? a. fruit b. cauliflory c. bulb d. tuber e. seede. seedA very important requirement needed to stimulate rooting in cuttings: a. always apply a rooting hormone. b. a low relative humidity c. a high fertility level in the media d. keep the air moving around the cutting(fans work very well) e. reduce water loss due to transpiration (high relative humidity)e. reduce water loss due to transpiration (high relative humidity)The primary factor in regulating the rate of respiration is a. relative humidity b. temperature c. light intensity d. photosynthesis e. absorptionb. temperatureWhat is the secret behind hot Bristlecone Pines can live for thousands of years even though the environment is not idea for their growth? a. the trees are genetically able to make more food with less light b. monocultures of plants insure that they will live very long c. there are underground springs that provide water when it's dry d. the trees have giant tap roots that store huge amounts of sugar e. the trees allow parts of themselves to die so the whole can livee. the trees allow parts of themselves to die so the whole can liveI have a group of small, spring flowering trees in my backyard and they have not flowered yet! I planted them 5 years ago, and therefore, they are old enough to flower. Why haven't they flowered? a. they are all males b. they are all females without a male c. they are planted under a grove of pines not getting enough light to produce enough sugar to flower d. the plants should have been fertilized every year since they were planted e. too much transpirationc. they are planted under a grove of pines not getting enough light to produce enough sugar to flowerHow do I get the trees in the above question to flower and not eventually die? (I have a group of small, spring flowering trees in my backyard and they have not flowered yet! I planted them 5 years ago, and therefore, they are old enough to flower. Why haven't they flowered?) a. beat them with a stick b. plant bigger shade trees around them c. cut down some of the pine trees that are shading them d. fertilize them twice a year e. plant a male plantc. cut down some of the pine trees that are shading themLocation of the monoculture of Pinus longaeva: a. Inyo National Forest, White Mountains of California b. White Mountains of Vermont c. Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado d. Death Valley, California e. Raleigh, North Carolinaa. Inyo National Forest, White Mountains of CaliforniaGingko biloba, Maidenhair tree has a stunning yellow fall color, but no red coloration at all. Why? a. Ginkgos are planted in locations where the temp doesn't get cold enough to produce red pigment b. the leaves fall off in unison before the plant can produce red pigment c. it's a genetic thing, Ginkgos can't produce red pigments no matter the conditions d. Ginkgos are. native in Asia, and in Asia, they can produce red pigment e. Ginkgos can roll their tonguesc. it's a genetic thing, Ginkgos can't produce red pigments no matter the conditionsAnthocyanin production in temperate deciduous tree leaves is highly dependent on what two factors? a. water availability and sunlight b. carbon dioxide concentration and water availability c. accumulate sugar pool in the leaf and cool (40-45 degrees) night temp d. day length and temp e. proper nutrition and proper waterc. accumulate sugar pool in the leaf and cool (40-45 degrees) night tempWhere would be the best location in your garden to place a Japanese maple that has the ability to produce high concentrations of anthocyanins (red pigment) thus achieving the best fall color? a. under a grove of large oaks b. top of the slope in full sun c. on the slope where you have good air movement and full sun d. at the bottom of the slope in full shade e. at the bottom of the slope in full sune. at the bottom of the slope in full sunDuring the fall, why does chlorophyll fade, allowing other pigments to show through? a. cooler temp stimulates the production of Anthocyanin, which masks chlorophyll. b. the start of the formation of the abscission layer requires chlorophyll molecules, which get broken down c. the formation of the abscission layer slows the movement of nutrition into the leaf, reducing the chlorophyll that can be produced, chlorophyll continues to degrade d. chlorophyll does not fade, the other pigments increase in concentration masking chlorophyll e. because somebody beat that plant with a stickc. the formation of the abscission layer slows the movement of nutrition into the leaf, reducing the chlorophyll that can be produced, chlorophyll continues to degradeIn the story Bryce told about the elderly woman at the garden center that "helped" him assist a man whose dogwoods were not flowering, what technique did she recommend to him to rectify the problem? She recommended that he should... a. fertilize the trees twice in one year b. thin out the taller trees shading the dogwoods c. beat them with a stick d. add sugar to the soil e.add large quantities of water in order to change the osmotic relationshipc. beat them with a stickCuttings that are taken from a succulent new growth of woody plants a. hardwood b. herbaceous c. ortet d. semi-hardwood e. softwoode. softwoodWhen Bryce took a chain saw to the Illicium fluoridanum along his driveway in order to rejuvenate them they did not die, in fact, they grew back! How did that happen? a. he fertilized the plants with a high nitrogen fertilizer to stimulate new growth b. he cut down the shade producing trees above them to increase light c. the plants were established, and therefore had plenty of stored sugar in the roots to stimulate growth d. Bryce is the plant whisperer...he worked his magic on the plants and they responded e. truth is, they actually died!c. the plants were established, and therefore had plenty of stored sugar in the roots to stimulate growthWhen referring to the sepals of a flower collectively one uses the term a. corolla b. calyx c. chevy d. anther e. stigmab. calyxThe male part of the flower is termed a. ovary b. anther c. stigma d. stamen e. pistild. stamenAll imperfect flowers are incomplete A. Agree B. Disagreea. agreeThe key to insuring both vegetative and reproductive growth in plants is a. provide sufficient light intensity b. fertilize it frequently c. plant it in the shade d. water the plants more frequently e. talk to ita. provide sufficient light intensityThe plant growth process called respiration produces: a. water and sugar b. Carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy (atp) c. oxygen and sugar d. sugar and carbon dioxide e. oxygen, sugar, and waterb. Carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy (atp)Oldest living plants (grown from seed) on earth a. Orchids b. Ancient Ginkgos c. Ancient Bristlecone Pines d. Ancient Ferns e. Ancient Oaksc. Ancient Bristlecone PinesHow many stomata are usually found on the undersides of leaves? a. ten to 100 per square centimeter b. millions per square centimeter c. thousands per square centimeter d. hundreds per square centimeter e. there are not any on the undersides of leaves, they are on the top sides of leavesc. thousands per square centimeterThe function(s) of transpiration in plants is a. cooling the plant b. transportation system for nutrients c. to maintain turgidity in the plant (keeping the plant cells hydrated_ d. all of the above e. b&ce. b&cStomata are responsible for a. facilitating respiration b. underground stem production c. photosynthesis d. regulating gas exchange (transpiration and carbon dioxide absorption) e. regulating osmosis in the rootsd. regulating gas exchange (transpiration and carbon dioxide absorption)What percent of water absorbed by the plant is used in transpiration? a. 99% b. 96% c. 4% d. 50% e. 1%a. 99%If a plant is able to produce only a limited amount of sugar, what type of growth will be prioritized? a. flowers only b. seeds only c. reproductive growth d. vegetative growth e. all of the aboved. vegetative growthBest method for vegetatively propagating many herbaceous perennials with large expanding crowns: a. cuttings b. seeds c. division d. layerage e. graftingc. divisionThe process where one stimulates an azalea branch to root before it is cut from the main plant is an example of a. cutting propagation b. grafting c. hybridization d. pollination e. layeringe. layering"Rootone" is a material that can be applied to cutting to help stimulate adventitious rooting. Rootone is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring plant hormone called a. hormodin b. polyethylene c. auxin d. rootoid e. adventitionc. auxinWhat do rose breeders sacrifice in order to maximize flower color, fragrance, and size? a. disease resistance b. shrub size c. root vigor d. happiness e. green leavesc. root vigorGrafting is a very unique form of plant propagation. Why would you want to graft a plant, after all, it requires much skill and patience? a. faster than other propagation techniques b. plant is still able to get water and nutrition from original plant c. no need for any special equipment or supplies d. enables you to put two totally unrelated plants together (apples grafted to peach trees) e. plant breeding often leads to plants that cant grow on their own roots, this method allows them to thrivee. plant breeding often leads to plants that cant grow on their own roots, this method allows them to thriveA flower that has sepals, petals, and only a pistil is most correctly termed: a. incomplete b. imperfect c. incomplete, imperfect d. staminate e. pistillatee. pistillateIn the video Bryce showed about propagating Callicarpa Americana from seed, how did he separate the seed from the fruit? a. he didn't need to because the seeds were in a dry capsule. The seeds fell out after the capsule opened. b. he hit the fruit with a hammer and picked the seeds out of the pulp c. he soaked the fruit in water, squished the fruit with his finger, shook the mix, and then poured the mix through a strainer, finally, separating the seeds with a tweezer d. he stratified the fruit in the fridge and planted them in the Spring e. he used a blow torch and burned the fruit off the seeds.c. he soaked the fruit in water, squished the fruit with his finger, shook the mix, and then poured the mix through a strainer, finally, separating the seeds with a tweezerKey to attracting wildlife in the home garden a. add bird feeders b. add bird houses c. buy a honey bee hive d. add water elements to the garden, birdbaths, fountains, ponds, etc. e. plant a pollinator gardend. add water elements to the garden, birdbaths, fountains, ponds, etc.The bird population in North America is down 29% (3 billion birds) since 1970, Why should we be concerned about this? a. birds disperse seeds, therefore, contributing to biodiversity b. many birds act as pollinators c. birds contribute to a balanced ecosystem d. all of the above e. a&b onlyd. all of the aboveWhy is it recommended that gardeners should choose plants that attract & support native insect populations? a. because native insects are better than non-native insects b. because birds feed their young predominately insects c. because frogs are hungry d. because insects overcome self-incompatibly e. because Bryce said sob. because birds feed their young predominately insectsWhat is the recommendation for the % native plants to non-natives in order to support a robust caterpillar population? a. 50% natives to 50% nonnatives b. 100% natives to 0% nonnatives c. 60% natives to 40% nonnatives d. 70% natives to 30% nonnatives e. doesn't matter, you don't want a lot of caterpillars in the garden...they eat plants!d. 70% natives to 30% nonnativesWhy is it so important to build pollinator-friendly gardens on residential properties, including apartments & city dwellings? a. Pollinators are responsible for 80% of crop production b. Habitat loss makes it very difficult for pollinators to travel to crop plants in the US c. Home pollinator gardens increase the pollinator population which contributes to successful crop production d. all of the above e. Pollinator gardens are the most beautiful gardens in the worldd. all of the abovethe main advantage of using "Nativars" in your garden a. they are more drought tolerant than native species b. they are more versatile, and pest resistant than native species c. they look way better than native species d. all of the above e. they retain the ecological benefits of native speciese. they retain the ecological benefits of native speciesWhen can Nativars be detrimental to native insects and birds? a. when they have enhanced fruiting b. when they have enhanced disease resistance c. when they have burgundy leaves d. when they are larger that their native relative e. all of the abovec. when they have burgundy leavesWhat is the first priority to attracting birds to a home landscape> a. add a bird house or two b. put up bird feeders c. install plants that have berries for birds to eat d. create a multilayer landscape to provide places for nesting, resting, and protection e. plant only native plantsd. create a multilayer landscape to provide places for nesting, resting, and protection80% of the hummingbird diet is: a. insects & spiders b. nectar from native plants c. nectar from all plants d. honey e. sugar water from hummingbird feedersa. insects & spiders