Week 7 EAHP

Describe the anatomy of the chest wall, airways and lungs
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Describe the anatomy of the chest wall, airways and lungs
chest wall:
- The chest wall is comprised of skin, fat, muscles, and the thoracic skeleton
- It provides protection to vital organs

airway:
The anatomy of the airway begins with the nose and nasal cavity (or oral cavity), then proceeds through the pharynx, past the epiglottis, into the larynx where your vocal cords are, down the trachea, through the bronchial tree, and into the lungs.

lungs:
- The right lung has three lobes and is slightly larger than the left lung, which has two lobes. The lungs are separated by the mediastinum.
Explain how air is drawn into the lungs, and why fluid / air in the alveoli and pleural space may cause breathing difficulty
you breathe in , the diaphragm moves down toward the abdomen, and the rib muscles pull the ribs upward and outward. This makes the chest cavity bigger and pulls air through the nose or mouth into the lungs.

fluid in pleural space:
- changes the elastic equilibrium volumes of the lung and chest wall
- resulting in a restrictive ventilatory effect chest wall expansion and reduced efficiency of the inspiratory muscles
Identify the lung lobes and fissures on a plain chest x-ray
Left lung:
2 lobes- upper and lower

Right Lung:
2 fissures- oblique and horizontal fissure
3 lobes: upper, middle and lower
Describe the systems that protect the airways from inhaled toxins and pathogens
Respiratory system:
- alveolar macrophages.
- dendritic cells.
- lung defences
- dendritic cells
- neutrophils
Identify the most common respiratory conditions that are caused by pathogens
- Bronchitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia
Outline the damage that smoking can cause to the respiratory system
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs
Discuss the role of healthcare professionals in obtaining informed consent, particularly as it relates to someone with a learning disability
- explain procedures clearly
- ensure they are understanding
- ask if they have any questions
- provide additional resources and information
Understand what social inequalities exist internationally and nationally
5 inequalities:
- wealth inequality
- treatment and responsibility inequality
- political inequality
- life inequality
- membership inequality
Understand the World Health Organisation's (WHO) 10 determinants of health
- Income and social protection
- Education
- Unemployment and job insecurity
- Working life conditions
- Food insecurity
- Housing, basic amenities and the environment
- Early childhood development
- Social inclusion and non-discrimination
- Structural conflict
- Access to affordable health services of decent quality.
Explore why social inequalities in health exist
Health inequalities exist as a result of systematic variations in factors across a population
Define, in general terms, the central and peripheral nervous systemThe central nervous system: - made up of the brain and spinal cord - controls awareness, movement, thinking, speech and the 5 senses - controls how we think, learn, move and feel Peripheral nervous system: - divided into two parts ----- the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system - ANS controls involuntary bodily functions and regulated glands - SNS controls muscle movement and relays information from the ears, eyes and skin to CNSDescribe the anatomy of the brain and brain stemFTPO lobes - frontal - temporal - parietal - occipital 3 main parts: cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem - cerebrum: largest part of the brainAppreciate the cranial nerves- set of 12 paired nerves in the back of your brain - cranial nerves send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck and torsoDescribe, in general terms, the nerve roots, rami and elements of nerve plexuses, using the brachial plexus as an exampleIdentify the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus throughout the upper limb- musculocutaneous nerve - median nerve - ulnar nerve - axillary nerve - radial nerveIdentify the major elements of the bony and meningeal coverings of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nervesThree layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord. inner layer: pia mater middle layer: arachnoid outer layer: dura mater - A protective layer of bone called the vertebral column covers and protects your spinal cord.