HDFS 3920- FINAL EXAM (CH 12, 13, 14, 19)

What are the major concepts of the life course theory in connection to military families?

1. (Present/Historical) time
2. Transitions
3. Timing of transitions
4. Linked lives

a. Present
b. Historical

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Terms in this set (191)

- Helps us understand events in larger contexts; major sociohistorical events

--> ;i.e, veterans today have different experiences compared to those during the Vietnam War

a. Timing of transitions
b. Linked lives
c. Historical time
d. Transitions

bring changes in roles and statuses to the individuals involved; can be common (like retiring) or rare (like deployment)

a. Timing of transitions
b. Linked lives
c. Historical time
d. Transitions

(Common/rare) transitions are typically easier to cope with because people generally have prior knowledge or experience and know what to expect

a. common
b. rare

Why is the timing of a transition important?

- Even common transitions can cause (positive/negative) stress when they happen unexpectedly or at a time in life that does not conform to societal expectations; when transitions occur can impact stress/perceptions/etc.;

a. positive
b. negative

connections people have not only to one another but also to larger contexts such as other generations in their family, other people in the society, and historical events; emphasizes the connections between the transitions of one family member and the experiences of other family members.

a. Timing of transitions
b. Linked lives
c. Historical time
d. Transitions

True/False: Service members today experience longer separations from their families and greater risk of exposure to combat and injuries

a. true
b. false

The proportion of veterans in the general population is (smaller/bigger) than veterans of previous wars

- Veterans today may enter civilian communities with little familiarity with their experiences and may struggle to find support

a. smaller
b. bigger

The estimated survival rate from recent wars is (higher/lower) than for previous wars

a. Higher - 90% today versus 70% in Vietnam
b. Lower- 70% today versus 90% in Vietnam

Injuries sustained in recent wars are most often due to what? (causing multiple injuries)

a. gunshots
b. explosives
c. knives
d. swords

Injuries sustained in the Vietnam war were most often due to what? a. gunshots b. explosives c. knives d. swordsa.What are some examples of transitions that veterans may experience? - Education - Employment - Wounds or injuries ( (including/excluding) suicide) a. including b. excludinga.All are major military operations post 9/11 EXCEPT: a. OIF b. OBF c. OEF d. ONDb.The U.S. military is (shrinking/growing) a. shrinking b. growinga.What race are most U.S. military members? a. African American b. Latino c. Asian d. Whited.Most U.S. military members are female/male a. female b. maleb.What percent of U.S. military members are married? a. 1/2 b. 1//3 c. 1/5 d. 2/6a.True/False: Most U.S. military members serve in enlisted ranks a. true b. falsea.(Active/reserve) soldiers are more likely to have children a. active 41.5%; reserve 38.4% b. reserve 41.5%; active 38.4%b.historical time - How do the experiences of recent veterans differ from those of previous wars? - Recent veterans served in an all- (draft/volunteer) force a. draft b. volunteerb.historical time - How do the experiences of recent veterans differ from those of previous wars? - Many experienced deployments with (little/high) time at home in between --> (lower/higher) number of deployments and longer cumulative durations) a. little, lower b. little, higher c. high, lower d. high, higherb.Life-course perspectives conceptualize human development as comprising processes that unfold over time and emphasize that individuals shape (others/their own) life course through the choices they make and actions they take, within constraints imposed by historical and social contexts. a. others b. their ownb.historical time - How do the experiences of recent veterans differ from those of previous wars? New (distinct/fuzzy) injury profiles relative to previous wars - concussions, PTSD, knee injuries, hearing loss, shellshock a. distinct b. fuzzya.historical time - major events/wars (life course theory) (more/fewer) veterans now a. fewer b. morea.True/False: Many veterans enter or return to colleges to continue their education a. true b. falseTrue/False: Veterans have historically been successful in pursuing higher educationprevention and intervention What initiative for veterans includes educational benefits aimed at increasing educational attainment? a. Families Overcoming Under Stress (FOCUS) program b. veteran job initiatives c. GI BILL d. Basic Military Billc.Transitions - deployment cycle (life course theory)f.OEF a. Operation Encouraging Factors b. Operation Enduring Factors c. Operation Enduring Freedom d. Operation Encouraging Freedomc.OIF a. Operation Iraqi Freedom b. Operation Israel Freedom c. Operation Idaho Freedom d. Operation Illinois Freedoma.OND a. Operation New Decade b. Operation Nantucket Disaster c. Operation New Disaster d. Operation New Dawnd.True or False ? Most veteran families face long-term negative consequence a. true b. falseb.when SM receives orders to deploy a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentc.- family anticipates loss and experiences denial a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentc.- service member spends periods away preparing a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentc.- family works to get affairs in order a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentc.- couple undergoes some mental and physical demands as they prepare for time apart a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentc.- arguments and pushing away from one's partner are common a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentc.1st month apart a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymente.- family experiences mixed emotions including sadness SM is gone, but relieved that the goodbye is over a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymente.- sleep difficulty, sadness, and loneliness are common for partners a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymente.- family works to create ways to connect with SM a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymente.2nd month apart a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymenta.- family establishes new routines without the SM a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymenta.- family finds new sources of support to handle daily life stressors a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymenta.- partners tend to feel more in control, independent, and confident in their ability to manage their home a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymenta.- communication patterns between the family and SM are negotiated continuously a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymenta.found out they will return home, 1 month left a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentb.- family is filled with immense anticipation a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentb.- conflicting emotions are common (excited for SM to return home, but worried SM won't support changes in the family) a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentb.- partners may experience a burst of energy to prepare home and complete to do lists a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentb.up to 6 months after return a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentd.- frustration if homecoming is delayed a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentd.- families experience a honeymoon phase filled with joy and unity a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentd.- partners may feel they are losing some independence a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentd.- family negotiation requires communication and time a. sustainment b. re deployment c. pre deployment d. post deployment e. deploymentd.education (for returned SM) barriers: - navigating benefit procedures - age (normative/non normative) (e.g. being older than other students) - adjusting to non-military environment (e.g. managing their own schedules and duties) - coping with insensitivities of others to war-related issues - combat exposure and PTSD symptoms resources: - military scholarship (GI Bill) a. normative b. non normativeb.compared to civilian students, student veterans tend to engage in more (risky/safe) behavior of alc, drugs, violence than nonveteran students a. risky b. safea.employment (for returned SM) - variability in unemployment rates over time (rn it's low!!)) - job perfomance and employment can be (expressed/ hindered) by physical and psychological injuries related to military service a. expressed b. hinderedb.SMs health concerns injuries - ____ (5-20% have ___, more than 6-8% of civilians have ____), - Traumatic Brain Injury TBI (from concussions) a. PTSD b. dementia c. cancer d. lupusa.SMs health concerns suicide: - prevalence varies for active duty, reserve, guard, and veterans - (lowest, highest) for active duty SM - higher for SMs than civilians a. lowest b. highestb.transitions for partners - demands of military life fall (lightly/heavily) on partners a. lightly b. heavilyb.transitions for partners True or False? career effects: more likely to be unemployed and underemployed partner becomes single parent when SM is deployed a. true b. falsea.transitions for partners True or False? maintain "Homefront" during employment a. true b. falsea.transitions for partners - renegotiating family life after deployment is (hard/easy) - caregiving for injured SMs a. hard b. easya.- (gatekeep/homefront) parent is spouse at home with kids - how well parent can adapt a. gatekeep b. homefrontb.transitions for children - military life brings resources & stressors resources: - tricare (health insurance) - housing - steady paycheck - subsidized childcare stressors: - rates of relocation 2 to 3 times those of civilian children - negative impacts of parental deployment on children (very little impact) --> Developmental stage- negative effects strongest during _____ and weakest during adolescence - homefront parent well being (spillover/crossover, activator) a. youngest b. middle c. oldestb.True or False ? the timing of transition (even common transitions) can cause negative stress when they happen unexpectedly or a time in life that does not conform to societal expectations a. true b. falsea.what happens in my life is related to what happens in the lives of those close to me a. linked lives theory b. divorce theory c. ecological theory d. life theory and systems theoryd.linked lives- couple relationships - coping with (gain/loss) - lives affect other lives a. gain b. lossb.linked lives- child maltreatment - trends and variation over deployment cycle - lower in military than civilian population --> predeployment, deployment, post deployment - deployment: (highest/lowest) risk of maltreatment - pre deployment : (highest/lowest) rate * lowest rate in post deployment a. highest b. lowesta.linked lives- families of injured victims: - practical and emotional support - (does not affect/affects) partners and children a. does not affect b. affectsb.linked lives- coping with loss - (specific/constant) awareness that there could be loss - Ambiguous loss a. specific b. constantb.physically present but emotionally not a. resources b. collective grief c. ambiguous loss d. microagressionc.(connections/repulsion) people have not only to one another but but also to larger contexts such as other generations in their family, other people in society, and historical events a. connections b. repulsiona.prevention and intervention family readiness programming on installations: - deployment preparation / reintegration programming - family advocacy program - personal financial (slowness/readiness) programming a. slowness b. readinessb.prevention and intervention - provides financial support for college education a. Families Overcoming Under Stress (FOCUS) program b. veteran job initiatives c. GI BILL d. Basic Military Billc.prevention and intervention - effort led by civilian employers to help veterans successful reintegrate into civilian society - a place where veterans and employers can connect by providing resources and tools for both parties including job listings, interviews tips, and best practices a. Families Overcoming Under Stress (FOCUS) program b. veteran job initiatives c. GI BILL d. Basic Military Billb.prevention and intervention - families experiencing deployment and separation a. Families Overcoming Under Stress (FOCUS) program b. veteran job initiatives c. GI BILL d. Basic Military Billa.ALL are types of military service EXCEPT: a. active duty b. reserve c. watch coast d. guardc.True or False ? SM's now are getting married quicker, have children while still serving, and serve for longer periods than veterans of previous wars? a. true b. falsea.True or False ? Due to long duration of conflicts, OEF/OIF/OND veterans tend to have experienced lower numbers of deployments than veterans of previous wars a. true b. falseb.True or False ? Despite the large number of OEF/OIF/OND veterans the proportion of them in the general population is smaller than veterans of previous wars a. true b. falsea.True or False ? Most injuries during Vietnam War were do to gunshots and now most often injures are caused by explosives a. true b. falsea.demographics and prevalence: WHO ___ million service members (SMs) deployed during OIF/OEF a. 2.77 b. 41.5 c. 49 d. 38.4a.demographics and prevalence: WHO ___% of SMs are married a. 2.77 b. 41.5 c. 49 d. 38.4c.demographics and prevalence: WHO ____% of active duty SM have children a. 2.77 b. 41.5 c. 49 d. 38.4d.demographics and prevalence: WHO ____% of Reserve SMs a. 2.77 b. 41.5 c. 49 d. 38.4b.demographics and prevalence: WHO ~____% growing prevalence of women a. 10 b. 41.5 c. 15 d. 38.4c.demographics and prevalence: WHO ~____% are "dual military families"- two parents serving a. 10 b. 41.5 c. 15 d. 38.4c.prevalence of SM with kids: WHY during WW2, (common/not common) to have families a. common b. not commonb.prevalence of SM with kids: WHY (growing/shrinking) emphasis on families and single service families a. growing b. shrinkinga.prevalence of SM with kids: WHY during ww2, (fewer/more) married a. fewer b. morea.prevalence of SM with kids: WHY - _______: more volunteer based, more of a career - ________: there was a draft a. now, during WW2 b. during WW2, nowa.how do today's SM/veterans differ from previous eras? - all volunteer force - multiple deployments close together (___%) - distinct injury profile a. 25 b. 30 c. 15 d. 40d.how do today's SM/veterans differ from previous eras? proportion of population that are veterans: - (less/more) veterans today= people are (less/more) likely to make a career out of it a. less, less b. more, less c. more, more d. less, mored.how do today's SM/veterans differ from previous eras? proportion of population that are veterans: - (bigger/smaller) military now than WW2 a. bigger b. smallerb.how do today's SM/veterans differ from previous eras? - view of military and prestige is (different/the same) now a. different b. the samea.how do today's SM/veterans differ from previous eras? - opportunities for education have (gone up/gone down) a. gone up b. gone downa.linked lives- child maltreatment - trends over deployment cycle - (lower/higher) in military than civilian population - deployment: (highest/lowest) risk of maltreatment - pre deployment : (highest/lowest) rate a higher, lowest, lowest b. higher, highest, highest c. lower, highest, highest d. lower, lowest, lowestc.linked lives- families of injured victims - (theoretical/practical) and emotional support - affects partners and children a. theoretical b. practicalb.categories assigned to individuals based on shared phenotypic characters --> e.g. skin color a. race b. religion c. ethnicity d. cultural competencea.groups of people that share common origin and culture --> e.g. African Americans born in Jamaica vs. born in the United States a. race b. religion c. ethnicity d. cultural competencec.Models True or False ? two of the most prominent theories of family stress are the ABC-X and Double ABC-X theories, both of which explain processes of how families respond to stress they experience a. true b. falsea.Models True or False ? The major benefit of the ABC-X model theory is the assumption that families only experience one crisis at a time. a. true b. falseb.Models- (sociocultural/variety) family stress model (SFS) highlights: - demonstrates how skin tone differences within groups produce variation in lived experiences and family processes - intersectionality - classism - stress people will face vary depending on race and gender - abc-x model exist within larger environment of these contextual considerations a. sociocultural b. varietya.Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress - common day to day experience a. mundane b. environmental c. extreme d. stressa.Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress - harsh impact on world view, psyche a. mundane b. environmental c. extreme d. stressc.Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress - fostered by the _____ , originating from outside a. mundane b. environmental c. extreme d. stressb.Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress - impact on individuals and family a. mundane b. environmental c. extreme d. stressd.subtle forms - hostility or slight against an entire group --> e.g. "where are you really from?" a. resources b. collective grief c. ambiguous loss d. microagressiond.- spillover and crossover discrimination with one family affects the whole family - what if idea a. resources b. collective grief c. ambiguous loss d. solo statusb.- religious/spiritual orientation - extended family networks/fictive kin - racial identity a. resources b. collective grief c. ambiguous loss d. solo statusa.coping strategies hard work and determination to succeed in face of adversity will lead to success a. superwoman complex b. collective grief c. microagression d. John Henryismd.coping strategies women feeling obligation to manifest strength, not complain about circumstances (those before me had it worst), suppressing emotion a. superwoman complex b. collective grief c. microagression d. John Henryisma.- easiest "leverage point" - ______ is often easiest to change , therapy - situational meaning , family identity , worldview a. superwoman complex b. perception c. microagression d. John Henryismb.stress in Asian American families: stressors: - perpetual foreigner stereotype - model minority myth resources: (weak/strong) commitments to family and technology a. weak b. strongb.True or False ? Recent studies have challenged the strict application of Baumrind's parenting style typologies to Asian American parenting. Different from European American perspectives, focusing more on socializing children with family interdependence and recognition, obligation and humility, and emotional controls, grounded in collectivist cultural aspects a. true b. falsea.True or False ? Asian American youths do not always experience negative outcomes in Asian familial cultural contexts that mirror Eurocentric defined authoritarian parenting styles a. true b. falsea.mistaken as a foreigner even though individuals are were born in the United States or multigenerational of their families have resided in the United States a. perpetual foreigner stereotype b. solo status c. colorism d. model minority mytha.where are you really from? (implies they do not really belong here) a. perpetual foreigner stereotype b. solo status c. colorism d. model minority mytha.broad stereotype being applied to lots of people and countries --> e.g. bad drivers a. perpetual foreigner stereotype b. solo status c. colorism d. model minority mythd.stress in latinx families: children of different races stressors: - children of different "races" (colorism) - transitional families (families live in 2 different places) resources: - differential parenting (educating children) - access to technology and infrastructure - perception: individual might feel lesser bc of skin tone and parents might feel that their children is being discriminated against, who is "in" and "out" of the family a. yes b. nob.social preference for lighter skin tones a. colorism b. intersectionality c. ambiguous loss d. solo statusa.multiple factors affect one's life a. colorism b. intersectionality c. ambiguous loss d. solo statusb.stress in african american families: single mother of an infant stressors: - single mother of an infant - interactions with law enforcement - resources: extended family, civil rights organizations & peers/community perception impacts stress!!!! a. 52, 33 b. 23, 45 c. 64, 34 d. 90, 23c.MEES model (intersectionality) stressors - (double/solo) status - discrimination - microaggression - collective greif - differential access to resources a. double b. solob.MEES model (intersectionality) resources - religious/spiritual orientation - (immediate/extended) family networks - racial identity a. immediate b. extendedb.MEES model (intersectionality) coping strategies - john henryism - (superbad/superwoman) complex\ a. superbad b. superwomanb.MEES model (intersectionality) perceptions - (easiest/hardest) "leverage point" - situational meaning, family identity, worldview a. easiest b. hardesta.families that live in different countries (immediate and extended) a. transnational family b. blended family c. divorced family d. broken familya.voice for entire group a. colorism b. intersectionality c. ambiguous loss d. solo statusd.(multifinality/equifinality)- same event leads to different results a. multifinality b. equifinalitya.(multifinality/equifinality)- different events lead to the same result a. multifinality b. equifinalityb."The capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully * to disturbances that threaten system function, viability, or development." a. divergence b. resilience c. boundaries d. convergenceb.a dynamic, multilevel process, potentially changing over time depending on a variety of contextual factors and relational transactions a. divergence b. resilience c. boundaries d. convergenceb.True or False ? successful adaption can be "domain specific" a. true b. falsea.domains: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, and physical a. divergence b. resilience c. boundaries d. convergenceb.resilience in at least one domain = __-__% a. 45-59 b. 23-35 c. 70-86 d. 37-49d.(higher/lower) rate of resilience for child maltreatment compared to other stressors such as parent drug abuse and poverty a. higher b. lowerb.cumulative risk - timing onset - frequency - (supporter/perpetrator) paradox (parents supposed to protect you, but instead harms you) - attachment (want a secure attachment, but maltreatment inhibits this) - multiple stressful experiences - absence of protective factors (not social relationships) a. supporter b. perpetratorb.(higher/lower) rate of resilience for child maltreatment compared to other stressors such as parent drug abuse and poverty a. true b. falsea.Child factors - personality factor: self esteem, optimism, easy going - cognitive abilities - social competence - compared to relationships, individual factors often (emerge/disappear) as the more salient predictors of resilience! a. emerge b. disappeara.parent factors - parent-child relationship (some notable exeptors) - parenting characteristics - parent characteristicsfamily factors larger family contextpeer and community characteristics - relationships with others outside of the family - peers: social comparison, peer pressure) - adults: positive examples - (all/not all) relationships are good influences - neighborhoods: community events, crime rates, SES a. all b. not allb.interventions - individual: trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy - families: cognitive behavioral therapy - school/community: incredible years program - positive parenting program helps target multiple systems!!A prominent approach to the study of alcohol and families involves a (prosocial/biopsychosocial) focus? a. prosocial b. bipsychosocialb.includes both experimental and regular use a. substance misuse b. substance overdose c. substance seperation d. substance focusd.refers to the excessive consumption of a substance a. substance misuse b. substance overdose c. substance abuse d. substance focusa.What are are clinical designations involving serious and persistent problems with substances. These are the only two in DSM 5 ? a. substance misuse b. substance overdose c. substance abuse d. substance dependence e. a and b f. c and df.True or False ? The major distinction between substance abuse and substance dependence is the level of usage and presence of tolerance/withdrawal a. true b. falsea.True or False ? Cognitions about alcohol use do not appear in children as young as 3 to 6 years old particularly among children in alcoholic families a. true b. falseb.True or False ? Parental influence on children are conceptualized into two categories, alcohol-specific effects and non-alcohol-specific effects a. true b. falsea.The characteristics that have been found to be related to childhood substance abuse include: - (less, more) competence - (less, more) deviant self-image - (less, more) susceptibility to peer pressure - (lesser, greater) reported peer use. a. more, less, less, greater b. more, more, less, greater c. less, more, more, lesser d. less, more, more, greaterd.INVOLVE THE BEHAVIORS OF THE PARENTS WITH RESPECT TO ALCOHOL AND HOW THESE PARENTAL BEHAVIORS ARE RELATED TO THE CHILD'S BEHAVIOR AND COGNITION. e.g--> monkey see monkey do these are the specific behaviors the parent is teaching the child with what they say or do a. alcohol-specific effects b. non-alcohol-specific effectsa.REFLECT THE GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE RELATED TO CHILDREN'S DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, COGNITION, AND SUBSTANCE USE --> e.g. Related strictly to the environment a. alcohol-specific effects b. non-alcohol-specific effectsb.Aspects of NON-ALCOHOL-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ? - Supervision - Discipline - Nurturance of children - (Communication/miscommunication) with children - Parental Divorce/remarriage a. communication b. miscommunicationa.True or False ? In the U.S the period of adolescence, roughly ages 13 to 19 are characterized by dramatic increases in substance use a. true b. falsea.True or False ? The period of youth or young adulthood, up to age 25 is generally the time during which substance use and abuse peak where they hit that maximum point a. true b. falsea.Yes or No ? From the late 1990s to 2007, substance use among adolescents generally declined a. yes b. noa.True or False ? For adolescents, the relationship between high sensation seeking/impulsivity and substance use has been found to be moderated by gender, with a stronger association for males than females a. true b. falsea.True or False ? Apart from delinquency, stressful life events were related to drinking to cope and directly to adolescent alcohol problems a. true b. falsea.in adolescence there is a (weak/strong) predictor of later alcohol abuse and dependence. a. weak b. strongb.True or False? Adolescents who began drinking at 12 years or younger were at increased risk for developing later abuse and dependency when compared to who did not drink until age 16 or older. ? a. true b. falsea.True or False? Not only is there a greater risk for alcohol problems among children of alcoholics, but such children have shorter time frames from first use of alcohol to the development of alcohol disorders. a. true b. falsea.Many researchers have documented associations between parental drinking and adolescent drinking. - there is a (positive/negative) relationship between the two a. positive b. negativea.Within this population, the peek age for first signs of an alcohol disorder is ? a. 24 b. 13 c. 16 d. 18d.- Considering the important transitions at this age (e.g. graduating, employment, romantic involvements etc) - an alcohol disorder could (disrupt/help) the timing and success of these milestones. a. disrupt b. helpa.True or False? Researchers have found that a family history of alcoholism is an important element in adolescent development of substance use problem a. true b. falsea.True or False? Although children are thought to imitate behaviors modeled by their parents, a family history of alcoholism does NOT inevitably produce an offspring with alcohol abuse or other problems. a. true b. falsea.True or False ? Alternatively a family without alcoholism does not necessarily protect offspring from developing substance use problems. --> e.g. MONKEY SEE MONKEY DO a. true b. falsea.Supervision and Support are (not important/important) parenting variables that operate regardless of parental substance use or abuse to influence adolescent outcomes a. not important b. importantb.True or false ? For a young person to remain free from substances, it is advantageous if parents set clear behavioral limits and maintain inter-personally satisfying relationships with their children. a. true b. falsea.Parenting practices have been found to (gain, reduce) stress, increase resources, and encourage active coping. a. gain b. reduceb.True or false ? Abstaining youth have parents who do not use punishment to maintain control but instead clarify appropriate behavior and reinforce that behavior a. true b. falsea.True or false ? Variables such as parent unavailability, family quality, peer acceptance/self-esteem, and deviant peer involvement serve as mediators between parental divorce and adolescent alcohol use. a. true b. falsea.True or false ? Regardless of intactness of family of origin, parental support is not an important factor in adolescent alcohol use? a. true b. falseb.Other important Factors of PARENTAL (DISAPPROVAL/SUPPORT) are - peer alcohol use - religiosity - school grades. a. disapproval b. supportb.True or false ? Some scholars believe that single-parent family structure does not create distress in adolescents which increases their chances of substance use. a. true b. falseb.True or false ? The "Family Stress Model" described in the Conger et al. paper predicts that when economic pressures and stressors rise, so also does the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in relationships. a. true b. falsea.Accepting Influence - process through which couples allow themselves to be influenced by their partner - Involves both _____/_______ in relationships and overall approaches to relationships a. behaviors b. actions c. ignoring d. a and b e. b and c f. a and cd.______ Influence Involves behaviors such as: - Communication - Extending consideration to a partner - Perspective-taking - Mutuality a. being b. disregarding c. ignoring d. acceptingd.Accepting influence approaches involve: - How someone views their partner and their relationship; being (closed/open) to your partner's perspectives and opinions - Shared power a. closed b. openb.Specific Affect Coding System Escalations in (positivity/negativity) characterize NOT accepting influence a. positivity b. negativityb.Specific Affect Coding System Accepting influence is (interactional/disconnecting) a. interactional b. disconnectinga.Accepting Influence and Family Systems - Theoretical roots: mutual influence - Family of origin (may/may not) shape accepting influence a. may b. may nota.Accepting Influence and Family Outcomes - (lower/higher) relationship satisfaction - (lower/higher) communication satisfaction - (lower/higher) family satisfaction (Peterson et al., 2021; Peterson & Lucier-Greer, 2021) - Intervention point a. lower b. higherb.NOT Accepting Influence and Family Outcomes - (More/less) intense forms of intimate partner violence Divorce a. more b. lessa.Accepting Influence and Gender - Gottman's findings emphasize the importance of men accepting influence from women in heterosexual couples - Research with military couples replicate this - Research (is/ is not) extended to LGBTQ+ a. is b. is notb.Accepting Influence and Special Populations - Accepting influence and military couples --> Why might accepting influence be important for military couples? - Let's think about topics recently discussed in class... - Race/ethnicity - Substance abuse - Economic stress --> How might accepting influence look different for couples of different races, couples experiencing substance abuse, or couples with economic stress? --> Why might accepting influence be important for couples experiencing substance abuse or economic stress? a. explain answer b. do not knowa.

HDFS 3920- FINAL EXAM (CH 12, 13, 14, 19)

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