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Hort Exam 3

Terms in this set (92)

the process of removing physiological dormancy from seed (vary temperature)
stratification
the process of removing mechanical dormancy from seed (damaging seed coat)
scarification
the irreversible process of plant degradation and death, caused by stress or age
senescence
the flowering period of a plant
anthesis
the source of pollen
pollinizer
the formation of a seed without fertilization
apomixis
the formation of a fruit without seeds
parthenocarpy
will ripen after harvest and releases ethylene
climacteric
will not ripen after harvest, does not release ethylene
non-climacteric
process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell
differentiation
uptake of water by a dry seed which will kickstart metabolism and result in germination
imbibition
an early phase in plant growth, from seed germination, during which flowering cannot be induced
juvenility
the vector for pollen transfer
pollinator
the source of pollen; a plant that provides pollen
pollenizer
the condition or process of deterioration with age
senescence
having a limited shelf life after harvest; will spoil or decay quickly
perishable
the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrient in the soil, and combat weed and pest pressure
crop rotation
the cultivation of different types of plants in close proximity so as to benefit each other
companion planting
a crop planted to attract insect pests from another crop, especially one in which the pests fail to survive and reproduce
trap crop
when plants give off substances that prevent or prohibit growth of surrounding plants
allelopathy
herbaceous annual or perennial plants that are sold for use in flower or vegetable garden
bedding plants
a plant, usually woody or an herbaceous perennial, that is soil with little or no soil on its roots
bareroot
a portion of a stem, leaf, or root used for asexual propagation purposes
cutting
a tree or shrub trained to grow in two dimensions, such as flat against a wall
espalier
the circle that forms at the ends of branches of a tree, where water would drip off the leaves onto the ground
drip line
the process of sowing seeds with a mixture of water, fertilizer and mulch
hydroseeding
the condition when roots in a container circle inside and become dense and matted
pot bound
a condition on fruits in the summer when direct sunlight causes the fruit temperature to become so high that injury or death occurs on that side
sunbrun
a plant out of place
weed
referring to that in which plants can grow
substrate
examples of substrates
soil
sand
peat
a dynamic, three-dimensional substance covering some of the earth's surface; a living and active environment
soil
5 factors that form soil
parent material
climate
topography
organisms
time
functions of soil
provide habitat
recycle materials
foundations for projects
medium for plant growth
T or F: soils are highly variable from one location to another
true
4 characteristics of soil
texture
structure
pore space
organic matter
rank of soil textures: largest to smallest
sand
silt
clay
form of water in saturated soils
total water
form of water when it moves out of soil
gravitational water
form of water when it is the total water in soil after gravity
field capacity
held by soil particles in top layer of soil
bound water
amount of water that a soil can store that is available for plant uptake
available water
production, storage, processing, and marketing of vegetables
olericulture
the science of growing fruit; the cultivation of fruit
pomology
the study of grape cultivation
viticulture
examples of cool season crops
broccoli
cauliflower
cabbage
examples of warm season crops
tomatoes
peppers
T or F: fresh market fruits are highly perishable
true
considerations under commercial production:
organic
location
conventional
benefits of home garden
fresh produce
reduce grocery budget
site considerations in home gardening
adequate sunlight
water nearby
well-drained soil
characteristics of fruit crops
perennial
variable growth habit
propagated asexually
fruit that can withstand fluctuating temps of the south; not adapted to areas of winter cold
blackberries
fruit that can be annuals or perennials; frost control essential
strawberries
fruit that is bee pollinated, soil ph is important
blueberries
the art and science of designing, installing, and care of plants used to enhance, preserve, or emphasize the aesthetic, ecological, or cultural value of the built environment and landforms
landscaping
a plant that is a part of the balance of nature that has developed over hundreds or thousands of years in a particular region or ecosystem
native plant
what type of plants support and promote biodiversity
native plant
regard to a particular ecosystem, a non-native organism whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm, or harm to human, animal, or plant health
invasive species
examples of invasive species
feral hogs
chestnut blight
characteristics of invasive plants
grows fast
tolerates conditions
lack natural enemies
impacts of invasive plants
reduce biodiversity
alter ecosystem processes
these provide beneficial services in landscape such as carbon, dust and erosion control, aesthetic, recreation
turfgrass
require diverse floral resources to maintain health
pollinators
require a season-long succession of flowers for nutrition
pollinators
causes of pollinator decline
habitat loss
poor nutrition
pests
underground storage structure, dormancy, and naturalize over time
flowering bulbs
work to provide a succession of flowers throughout the growing season by using bulbs and these in your lawn
forbs
square foot gardens, vertical farming, pots
urban farms
pollinator habitat is key for pollination and natural pest control here
farms
permanent native grass strips intercropped with vegetables or row crops
beetle banks
farmers are asked to dedicate a minimum of 5% of their land to habitat
xerces society
examples of cool season grasses
tall fescue
fine fescue
examples of warm season grasses
bermudagrass
buffalograss
particular population selected and bred for desirable traits they exhibit
cultivars
T or F: water does not remain stationary in the soil; it continually moves
true
T or F: vegetables crops include both cool and warm season species
true
T or F: greenhouses are considered controlled environments
true
T or F: vegetable crops are highly perishable, thus high value commodities
true
T or F: high and low tunnels are considered passive environments
true
T or F: edible structures of plants can include roots, leaves, seeds, and fruits
true
T or F: placement and size of crops, and a rotation plan, are important considerations when planning a home garden
true
T or F: a severe freeze will cause heavy damage to most plants
true
the practice of poking holes into soil to reduce soil compaction, and allow air and water to reach roots, increasing root growth
aeration
what controls all chemical reactions in plants
temperature
T or F: plant growth ceases at the minimum and maximum cardinal points of temperature
true
the ability of a plant to adjust to cooling temperatures
acclimation
the ability of a plant to withstand or tolerator temperature extremes
hardiness
a period of rest for a plant; allows plants to avoid growth during times when weather is unfavorable
dormancy
T or F: vernalization is a period of exposure to low temperatures to induce floral initiation
true
minimum period of cold weather which will induce a plant to break dormancy
chill units
used to estimate the growth and development of plants and insects during the growing season
heat units
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