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DNA and Protein Synthesis

Terms in this set (32)

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
nucleotides
List the three parts of a DNA nucleotide
Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base
A _____ consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogen base
DNA
The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named...
Carbon
Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
Purines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Cyanine and Thymine
____ and ____ built models that demonstrate that DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix
Watson and Crick
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA
Watson and Crick
The amount of guanine in an organism always equals
Cyanine
During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
GGAUCGA
The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA is accomplished by
DNA Polymer
The enzymes that unwind DNA are called
Helicase
RNA differs from DNA in that ____ is single-stranded, contains a different sugar molecule, contains the nitrogen base uracil
RNA
Which of the nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?
Uracil
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
Uracil
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as a molecule of
mRNA
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is a(n)
codon
In eukaryotes, the DNA is located in the
nucleus
List the three types of RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA), Messenger RNA (mRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
During _____, RNA is produced
transcription
_____ RNA carries an amino acid to its correct codon
Transfer
The function of rRNA is to help form the structure of
protein
The portions of DNA molecules that are separated from the portions of DNA actually used during transcription are called
Junk DNA
The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is
ribose
The process by which DNA copies itself is called
DNA replication
The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is
Uracil
During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of
tRNA
Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called
anticodons
The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is
mRNA
Messenger RNA is produced during the process of
transcription
The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n)
codon
The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of
transcription
How does transcription differ from DNA replication? (List at least four ways)
- DNA replication makes both sides of DNA
- Transcription makes proteins
- Transcription is in gene expression
- Transcription works when gene is turned on
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