Biology meiosis

Terms in this set (51)

Somatic cell
Typical body cell in humans that has 46 chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
2 chromosomes forming a pair.
Sex chromosomes
Females XX males XY
Autosomes
Other chromosomes
Diploid
Any cell with 2 homologous sets of chromosomes. 2n=46
Gametes
Egg and sperm cells
Haploid cell
A cell with a single chromosome set n=23
Fertilization
Sexual intercourse allows a haploid sperm cell and haploid egg cell fuse in the process of fertilization.
Zygote
Fertilized egg is called a
Diploid
The zygote is a _____ cell
Meiosis
Only occurs in reproductive organs and makes gametes
2 consecutive cell divisions
After the duplication of chromosomes in meiosis there are
Chromosomes duplicate , only mass of chromatin is visible, centerosome has been duplicated, at the end chromosome consists of 2 genetically identical sister chromatids
Interphase
Chromatin coils up , individual chromosomes become visible, nucleoli disappear, Centrosomes move away from each other and spinal forms, nuclear envelope breaks into fragments, tetrads moved to center of the cell
Prophase I
Homologous chromosomes come together as pairs
Synapsis
Resulting structure of synapsis
Tetrads
Swapping of DNA
Crossing over
Tetrads are aligned on the metaphase plate
Metaphase I
Tetrads are moved to opposite sides of the poles and split up
Anaphase I
Chromosomes arrive at poles and each pole has a haploid chromosome set
Telophase I
Spindle forms moves chromosomes towards the middle of the cell
Prophase II
Chromosomes are aligned on metaphase plate
Metaphase II
Centrosomes of sister chromatids separate and sister chromatids are individual daughter chromosomes and move towards opposite poles of hrs cells
Anaphase II
Nuclei form at the cell poles and cytokensis occurs result 4 daughter cells
Telophase II
Phosphate sugar nitrogenous base
DNA structure
Crossing over of sister chromatids
What would not lead to variation of genetic material
Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell
What is not a difference between anaphase I and II
16
If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has ____ chromosomes
Bivalent
Another name for a tetrad is
12
If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II
Prophase I
During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur
It increases likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material
Importance of crossing over ?
A structure that holds together homologue during crossing over
Chiasma
Metaphase I
During what stage of meiosis are the bivalve to arranged along the equator
Anaphase II
At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid
Anaphase I
During which stage does Homologue separation occur
Mitosis
The events of meiosis II are most similar to
2 daughter cells are formed at completion
What does not occur at meiosis
Polar body
A nonfunctional cell made at the same time as an egg cell
Mitosis replaces dead or damaged somatic cells
Meiosis replaces gametes for sexual reproduction
Importance of process in the life cycle of an organism or cell
Mitosis asexual
Meiosis sexual
Type of reproduction
Mitosis liver kidney blood
Meiosis egg (ovaries) testices
Types of cells that undergo the process
Mitosis somatic
Meiosis gamete
Types of cells produced by the process
Mitosis nothing special
Meiosis prophase I: synapsis forming tetrads which crosses dna
Prophase II: nothing special
Behavior of homologous chromosomes during prophase
Mitosis: line up in single file line
Meiosis : metaphase I line up as tetrads
Metaphase II homologous chromoses don't exist
Behavior of homologous Chromosomes during metaphase
Mitosis 1
Meiosis 2
Number of nuclear division
Mitosis interphase
Meiosis Interphase I
Replication of DNA
Mitosis occurs once
Meiosis occurs three times
Cytokensiss
Mitosis 2 diploid genetically identical daughter cells
Meiosis 4 haploid genetically different gametes
Number of daughter cells produced at the end of the process
Mitosis identical
Meiosis different
Mothers cells genetic makeup compared to daughter cells gentic makeup
-karyotypes can reveal chromosomal problems with -chromosome number -chromosome structure
What two things does a karyotype tell u
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