NURS 420 (Ch. 7-14) PQ's

Term
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Which of the following describes the significance of the passage of The Public Health Threats and Emergencies Act? (Select all that apply.)
a. It funded ongoing activities of the public health system.
b. It led to improved water quality and food safety guidelines.
c. It included funding for public health activities.
d. It validated that the public health system was prepared for terrorism.
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Terms in this set (144)
Which of the following describes the significance of the passage of The Public Health Threats and Emergencies Act? (Select all that apply.)
a. It funded ongoing activities of the public health system.
b. It led to improved water quality and food safety guidelines.
c. It included funding for public health activities.
d. It validated that the public health system was prepared for terrorism.
b. It led to improved water quality and food safety guidelines.
c. It included funding for public health activities.
Which of the following best describes the importance of the World Health Organization (WHO) to the United States? (Select all that apply.)
a. Provides daily information on disease occurrences
b. Establishes international standards for antibiotics and vaccines
c. Creates international legislation regarding international cooperation
d. Supports national programs to fight disease
a. Provides daily information on disease occurrences
b. Establishes international standards for antibiotics and vaccines
Which of the following activities are the responsibility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? (Select all that apply.)
a. Conduct research to enhance disease prevention
b. Detect and investigate infectious disease problems
c. Develop and advocate public health policies
d. Publish national goals for promoting health and preventing disease
a. Conduct research to enhance disease prevention
b. Detect and investigate infectious disease problems
c. Develop and advocate public health policies
A nurse identifies higher-than-normal levels of lead when screening a 3-year-old child. The nurse works with the local health department to put together a team to address the environmental issues responsible for the child's abnormal lead level. Team members should include the following specialists:

a. epidemiologist, pediatric specialist, and sanitarian.
b. laboratory specialist, contractor whose bid for lead reduction work is the lowest, and public health lead reduction specialist.
c. public health sanitarian, pediatric generalist, and plumbing inspector.
d. specially trained housing inspector, pediatric specialist, lead-based paint intervention team, and laboratory specialists to test the child's home and the surrounding neighborhood.
d. specially trained housing inspector, pediatric specialist, lead-based paint intervention team, and laboratory specialists to test the child's home and the surrounding neighborhood.
An occupational health nurse practitioner's physical assessment of a factory worker identifies an acute-onset pruritic dermatitis extending over the face, hands, neck, and forearms. The nurse's priorities should be to:

a. contact factory senior management, educate workers about their exposure, and clean the area.
b. contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration immediately and remove the offending chemical in the work environment.
c. immediately evacuate the worker's nearby workspace and treat the worker and other exposed workers.
d. treat the client and obtain a comprehensive exposure history; if an on-site environmental exposure is suspected as the cause, screen other at-risk workers and ensure that the environmental risk is identified and eliminated.
d. treat the client and obtain a comprehensive exposure history; if an on-site environmental exposure is suspected as the cause, screen other at-risk workers and ensure that the environmental risk is identified and eliminated.
A college health nurse is working with students, faculty, and staff to improve environmental air quality. To address the primary cause of air pollution on campus, the nurse plans a precautionary intervention. Which of the following interventions best demonstrates an appropriate approach?

a. Encourage the use of electric cars and scooters on campus
b. Increase the use of bicycles, foot-powered scooters, rollerblades, and walking as the primary mode of transportation on campus
c. Make the entire campus a no-smoking zone
d. Establish a policy to reduce electricity consumption in university buildings by raising the thermostat to 78° in the summer and lowering the thermostat to 70°in the winter
b. Increase the use of bicycles, foot-powered scooters, rollerblades, and walking as the primary mode of transportation on campus
Campaigns to decrease the inequitable burden of environmental risks on the poor and people of color in the United States strive to apply the ethical principle of:

a. societal justice.
b. nonmaleficence.
c. compliance and enforcement of the Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Act.
d. environmental justice.
d. environmental justice.
A community health nurse manager has integrated exposure history elements into the assessment practices of the health department that are relevant to the urban industrial community served. This strategy indicates that the nurse manager is aware of the relationship between:

a. community strengths and weaknesses.
b. environment and human health/disease.
c. toxicology studies conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the environment.
d. federal and state environmental regulations.
b. environment and human health/disease.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) increased the involvement of the states and their citizens in the cleanup of toxic waste sites and stressed the importance of permanent remedies and innovative treatment technologies. Another important aspect of this federal legislation was that it:

a. provided for the appointment of state emergency response commissions.
b. increased focus on the human health problems related to hazardous waste sites.
c. established a new safety standard of reasonable certainty of no harm that is to be applied to all pesticides used on food.
d. reduced the amount of pollution by mandating cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use.
b. increased focus on the human health problems related to hazardous waste sites.
The monitoring and public reporting of air quality in a local community to assist individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions best illustrates the application of:

a. compliance and enforcement.
b. environmental epidemiology.
c. secondary prevention.
d. toxicology.
b. environmental epidemiology.
When applying the nursing process to environmental health, the nurse would: a. conduct an assessment focused on the client's presenting problem. b. coordinate interventions with the primary care provider of record. c. examine criteria that are limited to the client's immediate responses. d. include outcome measures that involve mitigation and elimination of the contributing factors.d. include outcome measures that involve mitigation and elimination of the contributing factors.When a nurse evaluates the completeness and accuracy of information made available to community residents regarding the impact of rezoning of land parcels for industrial use, the nurse can best be described as: a. advocating for ethical choices. b. communicating risk. c. controlling environmental damage. d. volunteering for service on state boards.a. advocating for ethical choices.The role of the nurse who wants to become more active in environmental health could include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Assessing farmworkers for pesticide exposure and providing pesticide risk education b. Conducting epidemiologic investigations as a public health nurse (PHN) c. Developing corporate policy to protect workers from unsafe levels of toxic agents d. Organizing the local community to encourage landlords to remove lead-based paint e. Working as a skilled risk communicator for a local chemical manufacturera. Assessing farmworkers for pesticide exposure and providing pesticide risk education b. Conducting epidemiologic investigations as a public health nurse (PHN) c. Developing corporate policy to protect workers from unsafe levels of toxic agents d. Organizing the local community to encourage landlords to remove lead-based paint e. Working as a skilled risk communicator for a local chemical manufacturerEvidence-based public health is: a. An integration of the best available nursing expertise b. Derived from community principles to fit the area where it is practiced c. A health endeavor that makes informed use of evidence d. Comprised of only public health recordsc. A health endeavor that makes informed use of evidenceA nurse makes clinical judgments based upon trial and error and past clinical experiences. What problem can result from using these data sources in clinical decision making? a. Not all sources of information are reliable. b. Authority always leads to faulty decision making. c. Ethical knowledge is not taken into account. d. Trial and error has lead to poor outcomes.a. Not all sources of information are reliable.A nurse uses clinical experience and client preference to guide clinical decision making when using: a. Evidence-based practice b. Internal evidence c. Research utilization d. External evidenceb. Internal evidenceThe term evidence-based was first used in: a. Canada b. Great Britain c. The United States d. Australiaa. CanadaA nurse providing care in the 1970s would have used which process as the guide for making clinical decisions? a. Evidence-based nursing practice b. The science of medicine c. Evidenced-based medicine d. Research utilizationd. Research utilizationA summary of the research evidence that relates to a specific question and to the effects of an intervention is: a. Evidence-based practice b. Action research c. Systematic review d. Best practicesc. Systematic reviewWhich type of research is defined as the gold standard of evidence in evidence-based practice? a. Clinical expertise b. Randomized controlled trials c. Case studies d. Systematic reviewb. Randomized controlled trialsA nurse is grading the strength of evidence when critiquing a research study. Which domains will the nurse need to consider? a. Randomness, sample size, and blinding b. Selection, variables, and description c. Nursing, medicine, and physiology d. Quality, quantity, and consistencyd. Quality, quantity, and consistencyIt would be important for a nurse researcher to use blinding when: a. The sample size is small b. The outcomes must be accurately measured c. Using a control group d. Studying the attrition ratec. Using a control groupWhat information will a nurse find when reading a systematic review? a. Results of randomized controlled trials b. A description of the methods used to search for evidence c. Data compiled on a particular question d. An in-depth review of the literature completed by one personb. A description of the methods used to search for evidenceA nurse working in a community setting should apply evidence-based practice methods that are described by: a. Randomized clinical trials b. Qualitative studies c. Quantitative studies d. Multiple research methodsd. Multiple research methodsA public health nurse would like to incorporate evidence-based practice into the clinical practice at the health department. According to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt et al., the first step in this process is: a. Integrating the evidence with clinical expertise b. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry c. Asking clinical questions d. Searching for the best evidenceb. Cultivating a spirit of inquiryWhen looking at evidence-based practice to support the methods used to facilitate smoking cessation, which type of evidence would be the best for the nurse to examine? a. Scientific literature found in systematic reviews b. Double-blind randomized controlled trial c. Quasi-experimental studies d. Expert opiniona. Scientific literature found in systematic reviewsA public health nurse uses a published systematic review to determine which exercises should be incorporated into a newly developed older adult exercise program. Which resource would most likely contain this information? a. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Project b. PubMed c. Cochrane Public Health Group (PHRG) d. Task Force on Community Preventive Servicesc. Cochrane Public Health Group (PHRG)Which are barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice? Select all that apply. a. Lack of available time b. Inferior quality of available research c. Unwillingness of organizations to fund research d. Inability to understand the evidencea. Lack of available time b. Inferior quality of available research c. Unwillingness of organizations to fund research d. Inability to understand the evidenceThe factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that determine patterns of disease are described using: a. Descriptive epidemiology b. Analytic epidemiology c. Distribution d. Determinantsd. DeterminantsTo understand the causes of health and disease, epidemiology studies: a. Individuals b. Families c. Groups d. Populationsd. PopulationsWhen a nurse examines birth and death certificates during an epidemiologic investigation, what data category is being used? a. Routinely collected data b. Data collected for other purposes but useful for epidemiologic research c. Original data collected for specific epidemiologic studies d. Surveillance dataa. Routinely collected dataAn epidemiologist wanting to know what caused severe diarrhea and vomiting in several people at a local banquet would be using: a. Descriptive epidemiology b. Analytic epidemiology c. Distribution d. Determinantsb. Analytic epidemiologyWhich is an example of an epidemic? a. Bird flu in China b. Adult obesity in the United States c. An isolated case of smallpox in Africa d. The nursing shortage in the United Statesb. Adult obesity in the United StatesJohn Snow is called the father of epidemiology because of his work with: a. Cholera b. Malaria c. Polio d. Germ theorya. CholeraThe interaction between an agent, a host, and the environment is called: a. Natural history of disease b. Risk c. Web of causality d. The epidemiologic triangled. The epidemiologic trianglePublic health professionals refer to three levels of prevention as tied to specific stages in the: a. Epidemiologic triangle b. Web of causation c. Natural history of disease d. Surveillance processc. Natural history of diseaseWhich is an example of an agent in the epidemiologic triangle? a. Human population distribution b. Salmonella c. Genetic susceptibility d. Climateb. SalmonellaWhen studying chronic disease, the multifactorial etiology of illness is considered. What does this imply? a. Genetics and molecular structure of disease is paramount. b. Single organisms that cause a disease, such as cholera, must be studied in more detail. c. Focus should be on the factors or combinations and levels of factors contributing to disease. d. The recent rise in infectious disease is the main focus.c. Focus should be on the factors or combinations and levels of factors contributing to disease.Immunization for measles is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotiona. Primary preventionScreening for hearing defects is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotionb. Secondary preventionVocational rehabilitation of a person with a neuromuscular disease is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotionc. Tertiary preventionAn example of primary prevention is: a. Pap smear b. Blood pressure screening c. Diet and exercise d. Physical therapyc. Diet and exerciseAn example of secondary prevention is: a. Rehabilitation b. Avoidance of high-risk behaviors c. Immunization d. Mammogramd. MammogramAn example of tertiary prevention is: a. Rehabilitative job training b. Parenting education c. Testicular self-examination d. Family counselinga. Rehabilitative job trainingThe probability an event will occur within a specified period of time is called: a. Rate b. Risk c. Epidemiology d. Epidemicb. RiskWhich statement is true about mortality rates? Mortality rates: a. Are informative only for fatal diseases b. Provide information about existing disease in the population c. Are calculated using a population estimate at year-end d. Reveal the risk of getting a particular diseasea. Are informative only for fatal diseasesA screening for diabetes revealed 20 previously diagnosed diabetics and 10 probable new cases, which were later confirmed, for a total of 30 cases. This is called: a. Prevalence b. Incidence c. Attack d. Morbiditya. PrevalenceAn example of an attack rate is the: a. Number of cases of cancer recorded at a medical center b. Number of people who died of cholera in India in a given year c. Number of beef cattle inoculated against mad-cow disease on a farm d. Proportion of people becoming ill after eating at a fast-food restaurantd. Proportion of people becoming ill after eating at a fast-food restaurantWhich would be considered a serious epidemic of influenza? a. 50 cases b. 100 cases c. 500 cases d. Unable to determined. Unable to determineThe most important predictor of overall mortality is: a. Race b. Age c. Gender d. Incomeb. AgeAn outbreak of a gastrointestinal illness from a food-borne pathogen is an example of a(n): a. Attack rate b. Point epidemic c. Secular trend d. Event-related clusterb. Point epidemicA study that uses information on current health status, personal characteristics, and potential risk factors or exposures all at once is called: a. Cross-sectional b. Ecological c. Case-control d. Cohorta. Cross-sectional. The type of epidemiologic study that is used to describe a group of persons enrolled in a study who share some characteristic of interest and who are followed over a period of time to observe some health outcome is a(n): a. Case control study b. Cross-sectional study c. Cohort study d. Experimental studyc. Cohort studyVoters have recently decided to have fluoride added to the city water system. Epidemiologists wanting to study the effect of fluoride on dental caries would be conducting a(n): a. Ecological study b. Double-blind study c. Community trial d. Screeningc. Community trialThe proportion of persons with positive test results who actually have a disease, interpreted as the probability that an individual with a positive test result has the disease, is the: a. Sensitivity b. Specificity c. Positive predictive value d. Negative predictive valuec. Positive predictive valueA nurse is told that a screening test has high specificity. This means that the test: a. Provides precise and consistent readings b. Accurately identifies those with the condition or trait c. Accurately identifies those without the trait d. Has a high level of false positivesc. Accurately identifies those without the traitIn which situation does the nurse need to be aware of the potential for selection bias? a. Determining the population to be studied b. Considering how the participants will enter the study c. Studying cause and effect relationships d. Documenting results of the studyb. Considering how the participants will enter the studyAs a result of an outbreak of influenza in a community, a nurse encourages members of the community to receive the influenza vaccine. Which level of prevention is being used? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Multifactorial preventiona. Primary preventionEpidemiologic studies of diseases conducted by nurses during the twentieth century were influenced by the (select all that apply): a. Increasing rate of poverty b. Declining child mortality rates c. Overcrowding in major cities d. Development of new vaccinationsb. Declining child mortality rates d. Development of new vaccinationsNurses incorporate epidemiology into their practice and function in epidemiologic roles through (select all that apply): a. Policy making and enforcement b. Collection, reporting, analysis, and interpretation of data c. Environmental risk communication d. Documentation on patient charts and recordsb. Collection, reporting, analysis, and interpretation of data c. Environmental risk communication d. Documentation on patient charts and recordsWhen caring for a client with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), the community health nurse should know: a. Persons with MRSA usually have a chronic illness. b. MRSA is a hospital-acquired infection and not often seen in the community. c. VRE (vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) follows MRSA. d. MRSA is becoming more common in the community.d. MRSA is becoming more common in the community.The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms of the disease is called: a. Communicable period b. Incubation period c. Infectiousness d. Pathologic reactionb. Incubation periodThe ability of an agent to produce a severe pathologic reaction is known as: a. Antigenicity b. Invasiveness c. Toxicity d. Virulenced. VirulenceImmunity is a characteristic of the: a. Agent factor b. Host factor c. Environmental factor d. Epidemiologic triadb. Host factorThe nurse teaches food handlers to wash utensils after contact with raw meat. This prevention focuses on the: a. Agent b. Host c. Environment d. Food handlerc. EnvironmentAn example of an agent is: a. Host resistance b. Virus c. Infectiousness d. Bug biteb. VirusAn example of a vertical transmission of a disease is through: a. Breast milk b. Sexual transmission c. Mosquitoes d. Contaminated fooda. Breast milkAn example of a vector is: a. Contaminated water b. A tick c. A dirty needle d. An infected personb. A tickWhen one case of smallpox occurs in a population in which it was considered to be previously eliminated, it is called: a. Endemic b. An epidemic c. Pandemic d. Infectivityb. An epidemicA nurse is providing education to a mother about the importance of having her infant immunized for measles, mumps, and rubella. This immunization will provide what type of immunity? a. Active b. Passive c. Natural d. Acquireda. ActiveThe nurse provides footwear and gloves to leprosy clients to prevent trauma to their insensitive and deformed hands and feet. This is an example of ____ prevention. a. A primary level of b. A secondary level of c. A tertiary level of d. Primary health carec. A tertiary level ofRabies post-exposure immunization is an example of which of the following levels of prevention with regard to infectious disease interventions? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Assessmentb. Secondary preventionRequirements for disease reporting in the United States are mandated by: a. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. Federal laws c. State laws and regulations d. The World Health Organization (WHO)c. State laws and regulationsA nurse is providing information to a local newspaper about the presence of infectious diseases in the United States. Which statement by the nurse is accurate? a. It is the goal of the World Health Organization to prevent the transmission of the plague by avoiding direct contact with inflicted individuals. b. Rabies is easily spread by contact with animals. c. Polio has been eliminated in the United States since 1994. d. The onset of tularemia is characterized by a distinct skin lesion often called a bulls-eye lesion.c. Polio has been eliminated in the United States since 1994.Which situation describes the role of a nurse being involved in surveillance? a. Educating clients about influenza immunizations b. Collecting information about occurrence of measles c. Evaluating the effectiveness of a HIV/AIDS prevention program d. Advocating for changes in the national disease reporting requirementsb. Collecting information about occurrence of measlesA nurse is working in a health department when a patient arrives who has been traveling to South America and has been diagnosed with malaria. The nurse knows: a. The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report should be consulted to investigate the rate of malaria in the United States. b. This is a disease that must be reported to the state health department. c. The nurse should take precautions to wear a mask and gown to avoid exposure. d. The patient is very ill and should be sent to the hospital immediately.b. This is a disease that must be reported to the state health department.The most common vector-borne disease in the United States is: a. Malaria b. Yellow fever c. Lyme disease d. Rocky Mountain spotted feverc. Lyme diseaseA public health nurse understands that the emergence of new infectious diseases is influenced by the: a. Increased availability of immunizations b. Globalization of food supplies c. Decreased use of child care facilities d. Creation of sanitation systems in third world countriesb. Globalization of food suppliesWest Nile Virus is an example of which of the following types of illness? a. Foodborne b. Vectorborne c. Waterborne d. Zoonosesb. VectorborneA nurse is presenting information to the county health department about potential bioterrorism threats. Which of the agents would the nurse discuss in this presentation? a. Smallpox b. West Nile Virus c. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) d. Novel influenza A H1N1a. SmallpoxWhich strategy would be the most appropriate for a public health nurse to use to increase the immunization coverage of infants and toddlers? a. Read the Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report to learn about vaccinations. b. Require that children have all their immunizations before going to public school. c. Track children known to be at risk for underimmunization. d. Lead teams of health care workers to enforce laws related to immunizations.c. Track children known to be at risk for underimmunization.Food intoxication is caused by: a. Toxins produced by bacterial growth and chemical contaminants b. Bacterial, viral, or parasitic invasion of food c. Overcooking of meat and produce d. Adding too many spices or ingredients to foodb. Bacterial, viral, or parasitic invasion of foodWhich information is important for the nurse to know about preventing and controlling parasitic infections? a. The medication to prescribe to treat these infections b. The nature and symptoms of all parasitic illnesses c. What specimens to collect and how and when to collect them d. Public policy about parasitic infectionsc. What specimens to collect and how and when to collect themA community health nurse investigates an outbreak of pinworm at a local day care center. What suggestions would the nurse give to the day care workers? a. Close the day care until all surfaces are cleaned. b. No action is necessary because it is easily treated with oral vermicides. c. Using good hand washing is important to prevent the transmission. d. Every child in the day care should be treated because they all are probably infected.c. Using good hand washing is important to prevent the transmission.What is the best method for preventing hospital-acquired infections? a. Perform good hand washing before and after approaching every patient. b. Prevention is almost impossible due to the high infection rates in hospitals. c. Isolate every patient having surgery. d. Use contact isolation for every patient at risk.a. Perform good hand washing before and after approaching every patient.Adoption of universal precautions by health care workers is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Specific protectiona. Primary preventionWhich elements of surveillance does a nurse use? Select all that apply. a. Mortality registration b. Epidemic field investigation c. Laboratory reporting d. Individual case investigationa. Mortality registration b. Epidemic field investigation c. Laboratory reporting d. Individual case investigationWhich part of the immunological system suffers the greatest damage as a result of HIV infection? a. Dendrite cells b. CD4+ T-lymphocytes c. Macrophages d. Monocytesb. CD4+ T-lymphocytesHIV transmission can occur through: a. Exposure to blood b. Insect bites c. Sharing of school supplies d. Toiletsa. Exposure to bloodIn comparison with HIV infection in adults, HIV infection in infants and children: a. Has the same signs and symptoms b. Has a shorter incubation period c. Has a longer survival period d. Is detected by using the same testsb. Has a shorter incubation periodThe nurse counsels a client to have the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) test in order to: a. Indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV. b. Reveal whether or not the client has AIDS. c. Isolate the HIV virus. d. Confirm HIV after having a positive Western blot.a. Indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV.An example of HIV transmission is: a. Having contact with a HIV-positive individual who is coughing b. An infant receiving breast milk from a HIV-positive mother c. Receiving a mosquito bite while in Africa d. Being near a HIV-positive individual who is sneezingb. An infant receiving breast milk from a HIV-positive motherA nurse examining a child in the early stages of HIV infection would expect to see: a. Failure to thrive and developmental delays b. Kaposis sarcoma and developmental delays c. Toxoplasmosis and oral candidiasis d. Fatigue and shortness of breatha. Failure to thrive and developmental delaysWhen working with a client who is HIV positive, the nurse serves as an educator, teaching about the modes of transmission, and serves as a(n): a. Advocate, lobbying for AIDS research b. Counselor, discussing implications of future sexual activity c. Role model, providing supportive care d. Policy maker, addressing laws governing privacy rights of HIV-positive personsc. Role model, providing supportive careA public health nurse is reviewing Healthy People 2020 to determine where to prioritize programming for the county health department. Based on Healthy People 2020, the nurse decides to implement programming to: a. Reduce the rate of HIV transmission among adults and adolescents. b. Eliminate STDs from developed countries. c. Reduce deaths from gonorrhea. d. Increase awareness about HIV in lesbian females.a. Reduce the rate of HIV transmission among adults and adolescents.The most common reportable infectious disease in the United States is: a. Gonorrhea b. Syphilis c. Herpes d. Chlamydiad. ChlamydiaPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of: a. Gonorrhea b. Syphilis c. Chancroid d. Herpesa. GonorrheaA person has syphilis with signs and symptoms of rash, sore throat, and muscle and joint pain. This person is experiencing which stage of syphilis? a. Congenital b. Primary c. Secondary d. Tertiaryc. SecondaryAn example of a bacterial STD is: a. Trichomonas b. HIV c. Syphilis d. Genital wartsc. SyphilisThe most chronic bloodborne infection in the United States is: a. Hepatitis A b. Hepatitis B c. Hepatitis C d. HIVc. Hepatitis CThe case rate of tuberculosis (TB) is highest among which ethnicity in the United States? a. African American b. Native American c. Hispanic d. Asiand. AsianWhich type of hepatitis would likely be found where sanitation is inadequate? a. A b. B c. C d. Da. AWhich group should receive an injection of prophylactic immune globulin for possible exposure to hepatitis A? a. Persons who have had direct contact with blood b. Those who ate at the same restaurant as the person with hepatitis A c. All health care workers d. All those who had household or sexual contact with persons with hepatitis Ad. All those who had household or sexual contact with persons with hepatitis AA nurse is uncomfortable discussing such topics as sexual behavior and sexual orientation when counseling clients. By avoiding this topic with clients: a. Potential risks and risky behaviors will not be identified. b. Transmission of sexually transmitted diseases will decrease. c. Clients will be reluctant to return to care providers. d. The nurse will be violating the laws in most states.a. Potential risks and risky behaviors will not be identified.Screening blood products and donor organs and tissue for hepatitis C infection is: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotiona. Primary preventionTeaching a client with gonorrhea how to prevent reinfection and further spread is an example of _____ prevention. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Primary health careb. SecondaryThe nurse teaches the family of an AIDS client about managing symptomatic illness by preventing deteriorating conditions, such as diarrhea, skin breakdown, and inadequate nutrition. This nursing intervention is an example of _____ prevention. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Primary health carec. TertiaryA community health nurse visits a homeless shelter that has several clients with tuberculosis who are taking antimicrobial drugs. Supervised drug administration may be done on a daily basis with persons with poor adherence because: a. This type of client does not care about his or her health. b. Homeless people have no access to medications. c. Poor adherence can result in drug resistance. d. The antimicrobials are so powerful, clients must be observed for reactions.c. Poor adherence can result in drug resistance.What information would be appropriate for a nurse to share when educating IV drug users about sharing equipment? a. Tell the clients to throw away their equipment after one use. b. Educate the clients on using full-strength bleach on their drug paraphernalia for 30 seconds. c. Report illegal activities to the authorities and confiscate the needles and syringes. d. Give out needles and syringes to whoever wants them.b. Educate the clients on using full-strength bleach on their drug paraphernalia for 30 seconds.A nurse utilizes the provisions created by the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act when performing which intervention? a. Increasing AIDS awareness in the community b. Determining available health care services for HIV-infected individuals c. Preventing the transmission of AIDS to children from their mothers d. Allowing persons in the final stages of HIV to die with dignityb. Determining available health care services for HIV-infected individualsA nurse is working in a public health center. A patient who has been newly diagnosed as HIV positive comes for counseling. By law, what must the nurse do? a. Give antiviral medications to the patient. b. Ask the person to name all of his or her sexual contacts. c. Refer the patient to the social worker as someone possibly needing case management. d. Report the HIV-infected person to the state health department.d. Report the HIV-infected person to the state health department.A nurse is assisting an employer who has hired an individual who has been recently diagnosed with HIV. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement? a. Educate about how to reduce the risk of breaching the employees confidentiality. b. Explain how to inform co-workers about avoiding HIV transmission. c. Facilitate obtaining medical insurance coverage for the HIV-infected employee. d. Describe the early signs and symptoms of HIV infection.a. Educate about how to reduce the risk of breaching the employees confidentiality.The nurse is counseling a female who has recently tested positive for HIV. The nurse educates her that she is responsible to (select all that apply): a. Have regular medical evaluations and follow-ups. b. Donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm. c. Inform health care providers about the HIV infection. d. Consider the risk of perinatal transmission.a. Have regular medical evaluations and follow-ups. c. Inform health care providers about the HIV infection. d. Consider the risk of perinatal transmission.Change for the community as client must often occur at several levels because: a. Health problems caused by lifestyle are multidimensional. b. Most individuals can change their habits alone. c. Aggregates are responsible for social change. d. Geographic areas often have health risks that the nurse must identify.a. Health problems caused by lifestyle are multidimensional.A nurse cares for the community as the client when focusing on: a. Providing care for aggregates living in the community b. The collective good of the population c. The provision of care for families in the home setting d. Providing health education in the communityb. The collective good of the populationA collection of individuals who have in common one or more personal or environmental characteristics is the definition of a(n): a. Community b. Group c. Family d. Aggregated. AggregateWhat are the critical attributes in the definition of community? a. Families, groups, and health organizations b. Health needs, geographical boundaries, and target population c. People, place, and functions d. Populations and health resourcesc. People, place, and functionsA group of nursing students forms a student nursing association to provide support while they are enrolled in a nursing program. This is known as a community of: a. Place b. Special interest c. Problem ecology d. Functionb. Special interestA public health nurse is collecting data about the biological aspects of community health. What data will the nurse collect? a. Race/ethnicity b. Traditional morbidity and mortality rates c. Policy making and social change d. Homicide ratesb. Traditional morbidity and mortality ratesA community that has residents who are very involved in its activities and encourage activities that promote the health of the community displays which condition of community competence? a. Commitment b. Participation c. Articulateness d. Effective communicationb. ParticipationWhich data source provides information about the function of the community? a. Maps b. Census data c. State departments, business and labor, local library d. Civic groupsc. State departments, business and labor, local libraryWhich characteristic is an indicator of community health process? a. Participation and community action b. Live birth rate c. Racial distribution d. Socioeconomic levelsa. Participation and community actionA community that demonstrates commitment would most likely support the development of a: a. Community club to facilitate community involvement b. Childrens recreation program c. Curb-side recycling program and community-based education about recycling d. Cooperative agreement with a neighboring city to share needed servicesc. Curb-side recycling program and community-based education about recyclingThe main characteristics of partnership are: a. Awareness, flexibility, and distribution of power b. Rights, responsibilities, and consensus c. Commitment, participation, and articulation d. Collaboration, advocacy, and utilitya. Awareness, flexibility, and distribution of powerWhen completing a community assessment, the nurse will: a. Identify community needs and clarify problems. b. Determine the weaknesses of a community. c. Perform the core functions of public health nursing. d. Assess individual needs within a community.a. Identify community needs and clarify problems.When a nurse focuses intervention strategies on the structural dimension of community health, they are directed toward: a. Health services b. Primary prevention c. Health promotion d. Secondary preventiona. Health servicesWhich characteristic is an indicator of community health structure? a. Infant mortality rate b. Effective communication c. Crime rate d. Emergency room utilizationd. Emergency room utilizationAfter identifying the boundaries of a community, what is the next step the nurse should take in completing a community assessment? a. Gather relevant existing data and generating missing data. b. Plan interventions that benefit the entire community. c. Formulate nursing diagnoses. d. Evaluate the interventions that were used.ANS: A a. Gather relevant existing data and generating missing data.What intervention would be the most appropriate for the nurse to use when trying to develop community partnerships? a. Involve only the community residents. b. Use nurses as the source of information and leadership. c. Rely on the power of local officials. d. Include a variety of disciplines.d. Include a variety of disciplines.When writing a community-level diagnosis, Among refers to the: a. Specific problem or health risk faced by the community b. Characteristics of the community c. Community client experiencing the risk or problem d. Likelihood that the problem will be solvedc. Community client experiencing the risk or problemWhich nursing diagnosis is written at the community-level? a. Risk of hypertension related to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle b. Risk of obesity among school-age children related to lack of opportunities to engage in physical activity c. Risk of ineffective health maintenance among individuals who do not have access to a primary care provider d. Ineffective coping related to multiple stressors as evidenced by client crying and stating she has no support systemb. Risk of obesity among school-age children related to lack of opportunities to engage in physical activityA nurse surveys the school nurses in a community to determine their roles in the schools because this data is not available. The nurse is engaging in the process of data: a. Collection b. Gathering c. Generation d. Interpretationc. GenerationA nurse schedules an appointment with a physician who has a practice in the community to learn more about the communitys beliefs regarding childhood immunizations. This is known as: a. Informant interview b. Participant observation c. Secondary analysis d. Windshield surveya. Informant interviewWhen conducting informant interviews in a small community, the nurse would most likely contact: a. The state department of health for death records b. A local priest for congregation information c. Surrounding communities for crime comparison d. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for illnesses in the areab. A local priest for congregation informationA nurse collects data about seat belt usage by interviewing key informants and observing behaviors in the community. What type of data is being collected? a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Focus-groups d. Surveyb. QualitativeA nurse who reads the local community newspaper is using which method to gather data about the community? a. Informant interview b. Survey c. Participant observation d. Windshield surveyc. Participant observationWhich method of data collection is being used as a nurse gathers information about the condition of homes, size of lots, neighborhood hangouts, road conditions, and modes of transportation? a. Participant observation b. Windshield survey c. Survey d. Informant interviewsb. Windshield surveyA nurse who uses such data as minutes from a community meeting is using: a. Secondary analysis b. Informant interviews c. A survey d. A windshield surveya. Secondary analysisA nurse plans on implementing a community-wide influenza immunization program. Which factor should the nurse consider when implementing this program? a. The number of community members who have already received the immunization b. The existence of formal groups in the community c. Public policy that mandates influenza immunization for certain populations d. The communitys readiness to participate in the programd. The communitys readiness to participate in the programTo effectively complete the evaluation phase, the nurse must have: a. Demonstrated the ability to improve the health of the participants b. Developed measureable objectives and goals before implementation c. Encouraged full participation by community members d. Improved the health of the population through the programb. Developed measureable objectives and goals before implementationTo analyze the problem of increased adolescent alcohol use in the community, a nurse brings together several groups of people to address the issue. These groups come together at the same time to work on identifying potential causes of the problem, but do not interact during the process. Which model is the nurse applying? a. Delphi technique b. Program planning model c. Community-as-partner model d. Community empowerment modelb. Program planning modelA nurse is trying to increase participation in a free colorectal screening program for middle-aged adults who lack health insurance. Which implementation mechanism would be most effective? a. Small interacting groups b. Health policy c. Lay advisors d. Mass mediad. Mass mediaA nurse may define a community as a(n) (select all that apply): a. Social group determined by geographic boundaries b. Group of people who share common values and interests c. Group of people defined by their interactions d. Individual with a specific health concerna. Social group determined by geographic boundaries b. Group of people who share common values and interests c. Group of people defined by their interactionsWhich data would be useful for a nurse to collect when assessing safety in a community? Select all that apply. a. Number of billboards in the area b. Interviews with health care providers who are familiar with the community c. Observation of community members d. Nurses own observationsb. Interviews with health care providers who are familiar with the community c. Observation of community members d. Nurses own observations