NURS 420 Ch 1-6) PQ's

1. Which of the following best describes community-based nursing?

a. A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care

b. Providing care with a focus on the group's needs

c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs

d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 105
Terms in this set (105)
1. Which of the following best describes community-based nursing?

a. A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care

b. Providing care with a focus on the group's needs

c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs

d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care
a. A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care
2. Which of the following best describes community-oriented nursing?

a.


Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families

b.


Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions

c.


Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting

d.


Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
D. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
3. Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?

a.


Families and groups

b.


Illness-oriented care

c.


Individuals within the family unit

d.


Promotion of quality of life
D. Promotion of quality of life
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?

a.


Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research

b.


Advances in surgical techniques and procedures

c.


Sanitation and other public health activities

d.


Use of antibiotics to fight infections
C. Sanitation and other public health activities
A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse?

a.


Increase the community's knowledge about hospice care.

b.


Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members.

c.


Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site.

d.


Ensure timely and effective medical intervention and treatment for community members.
B. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members.
Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts?

a.


Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.

b.


Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.

c.


The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.

d.


The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
C. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?

a.


Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen

b.


Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions

c.


Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health services

d.


Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
D. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?

a.


The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues

b.


The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies

c.


The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns

d.


The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
B. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
Which of the following best defines aggregate?

a.


A large group of persons

b.


A collection of individuals and families

c.


A group of persons who share one or more characteristics

d.


Another name for demographic group
C. A group of persons who share one or more characteristics
A registered nurse was just employed as a public health nurse. Which question would be the most relevant for the nurse to ask?

a.


"Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?"

b.


"Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?"

c.


"With which physicians will I be most closely collaborating?"

d.


"With which nursing assistants will I partner the most?"
A. "Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?"
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions? a. Policy development b. Assessment c. Assurance d. Scientific knowledge-based careC. AssuranceWhen talking to a women's group at the senior citizens' center, the nurse reminded them that the only way the center would be able to afford to provide transportation services for them would be for them to continue to write letters to their local city council representatives requesting funding for such a service. What was the nurse trying to accomplish through this action? a. Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem b. Demonstrate that the nurse understood the women's concerns and needs c. Express empathy, support, and concern d. Help the women engage in political actionD. Help the women engage in political actionThe public health nurse has a clear vision of what needs to be done and where to begin to improve the health of the community. Why would the nurse spend time meeting with community groups to discuss the most important task to be addressed first? a. To increase the group's self-esteem b. To maintain communication links with the groups c. To make the groups feel good about their contribution d. To work with the groups, not for the groupsD. To work with the groups, not for the groupsThe nurse often has to make resource allocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the criterion the nurse should use in such cases? a. The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation b. The cheapest, most economical approach c. The most rational probable outcome d. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individualsD. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individualsWhich of the following actions best represents public health nursing? a. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic b. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries c. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic d. Administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinicA. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinicTwo nurses plan to walk under a huge downtown bridge where various homeless persons live. Why would the nurses go to such an unsafe area? a. To assess the needs of the homeless who live there b. To demonstrate their courage and commitment c. To distribute some of their own surplus clothes to those who can use them d. To share with various churches and other charities what is neededA. To assess the needs of the homeless who live thereWhich of the following variables have led to a stronger commitment to population-focused services? (Select all that apply.) a. Economic turmoil and demand for high-technology care b. Emergence of new or drug-resistant infectious diseases c. Emphasis on overall health care needs rather than only on acute care treatment d. Threat of bioterrorismB. Emergence of new or drug-resistant infectious diseases c. Emphasis on overall health care needs rather than only on acute care treatment d. Threat of bioterrorismWhich of the following actions demonstrate(s) effective public health nursing practice in the community? (Select all that apply.) a. Epidemiologic investigations examine the environment for health hazards. b. New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live. c. Partnerships are established with community coalitions. d. Staff members at the public health agency continue to increase in number.a. Epidemiologic investigations examine the environment for health hazards. b. New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live. c. Partnerships are established with community coalitions.Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients' homes rather than in hospitals? (Select all that apply.) a. Home care is less expensive. b. It is much more efficient to give care in the home. c. Nurses prefer to give home care with individual attention. d. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals.A. Home care is less expensive D. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals.Which of the following actions to promote health would the public health nurse choose? A. asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen B. asking hospital administrators what interventions are needed C. assessing the community and planning interventions D. working with community groups to create health policiesD. working with community groups to create health policiesWhich of the following best defines aggregate? A. a large group of persons B. a group of persons who share one or more characteristics C. a collection of individuals and families D. another name for demographic groupB. a group of persons who share one or more characteristicsWhat is the best explanation for public health nurses to be involved in health care reform? A. to promote the nursing profession B. to share the concerns of the community C. to increase funding for public health nursing D. to help improve access to health careD. to help improve access to health careWhich nurse is famous for creating public health nursing in the U.S.? A. Florence Nightinggale B. Lillian Wald C. Frances Root D. Jean WatsonB. Lillian WaldWhat is the primary purpose of Healthy People 2020? A. to serve as roadmap to improve holistic health care in the U.S. B. to minimize disparities in US urban and rural communities C. to link public and private healthcare initiatives D. to encourage all people to have health insuranceA. to serve as roadmap to improve holistic health care in the U.S.How would the public health nurse best describe the health care system in the U.S.? A. only essential needs are met, which primarily controls cost B. it is divided into two systems: public and private healthcare C. it is a system which focuses on primary prevention D. it is the best healthcare service in the worldB. it is divided into two systems: public and private healthcareWhich of the following depicts the core nursing ethic? A. adapting to technologies such as electronic medical records B. distinguishing nursing care from medical care C. demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practice D. seeking evidence based outcomes to provide nursing careC. demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practiceA nurse is caring for a client of another culture. Which action is most appropriate? A. adapt care to reflect the cultural needs of the client B. rely on friendly gestures to show caring for the client C. keep care cultural neutral to avoid misinterpretations D. treat the client in the same way as any other clientA. adapt care to reflect the cultural needs of the clientWhich of the following is most closely correlated with poor health outcomes? A. age and gender B. minority race status C. low SES D. high-risk lifestyle behaviorsC. low SESA nurse is considering applying for a position as a public health nurse. Which of the following would be a reason this position would be appealing? a.Its autonomy and independence b.Its focus on acute care and immediately visible outcomes c.its collaboration with other health care professionals d.Its flexibility and higher wagesA. Its autonomy and independenceThe Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which current law? a.Welfare b. Food stamps c.Medicaid d.MedicareC. MedicaidHow did the Industrial Revolution result in previous caregiving approaches, such as care by families, friends, and neighbors, becoming inadequate? a.Economic and political wars resulted in frequent death and injuries. b.Incredible plagues consistently and constantly swept the European continent. c.Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care. d.Caregivers could easily find other employment, so they demanded to be paid.C. Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care.A colonist is working in the public health sector in early colonial America. Which of the following activities would have likely been completed? a.Establishing schools of nursing b.Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people c.Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation d.Developing public housing and almshousesC. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitationWhy did American citizens become interested in establishing government-controlled boards of health? a.They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever. b.The government could force the poverty-stricken to accept care. c.Such boards could tax and thereby ensure adequate funds to pay for care. d.Such a system would allow for accurate records of births and deaths.A. They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever.A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service in 1800. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely have completed? a.Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants b.Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home c.Identifying and improving environmental conditions d.Providing health care for merchant seamenD. Providing health care for merchant seamenWhat was the outcome of the Shattuck Report? a. Efforts to control alcohol and drug abuse, as well as tobacco use, were initiated. b.Environmental sanitation efforts became an immediate priority. c.Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed. d.Local and state governments established boards of health after its publication.C. Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed.Which of the following nurses is famous for creating public health nursing in the United States? a.Florence Nightingale b.Frances Root c.Lillian Wald d.Mrs. Solomon LoebC. Lillian WaldWhich of the following would have been the focus of a school nurse in the early 20th century? a.Investigating causes of absenteeism b.Teaching school as well as being a nurse c.Promoting nursing as an autonomous practice d.Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to schoolA. Investigating causes of absenteeismA nurse is reviewing the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which of the following accomplishments of today was started within this organization? a.Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing b.Standardizing public health nursing education c.Developing nursing cooperatives d.Opening the Henry Street SettlementB. Standardizing public health nursing educationWhy were nurses so unprepared for public health nursing in the early twentieth century? a.Community health nursing had not yet been created as a field. b.No one would teach the nurses how to engage in public health activities. c.Nightingale's textbook did not include content on public health nursing. d.Nurses were educated in diploma schools, which focused on hospital nursing.D. Nurses were educated in diploma schools, which focused on hospital nursing.A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association. What information about this organization should be considered when making this decision? a.APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profession. b.APHA represents concerns of nursing specialty practices. c.APHA provides a forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns. d.APHA focuses on providing health promotion education to the public.C. APHA provides a forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns.Why did the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company establish and retain for several years the first community nursing health program for policyholders? a.Creating such a service was the morally correct thing to do. b.Employing nurses directly was less expensive than paying taxes to the city for the same purpose. c.Having the company's nurses make home visits increased worker morale. d.Having public health nurses visit policyholders and their families led to a decline in policyholder deaths, thus lowering costs for the insurance company.D. Having public health nurses visit policyholders and their families led to a decline in policyholder deaths, thus lowering costs for the insurance company.Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service? a.An injured soldier b.A homebound, elderly male c.A woman in labor d.A child with measlesC. A woman in laborA public health nurse is determining what type of programming should be developed for the community. Which of the following is the most crucial factor that will influence program development? a.Comprehensive assessment and planning done in the community b.Documented needs of the local community c.Federal funding for priority diseases or groups d.Nursing staff's expertise and skillsC. Federal funding for priority diseases or groupsA nursing student during World War II would likely join which group? a.The Public Health Service of New York City b.The Marine Nurse Corps c.The Frontier Nursing Service d.The Cadet Nurse CorpsD. The Cadet Nurse CorpsA public health nurse is compiling information about how to promote early detection of breast cancer in women. Which document would most likely provide useful information about this topic? a.The Future of Public Health b.Healthy People 2020 c.Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act d.Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing PracticeB. Healthy People 2020A public health nurse is involved in health care reform. Which of the following best explains why the nurse is involved in these efforts? a.To promote the nursing profession b.To increase funding for public health nursing c.To address the concerns of nurses d.To help improve health care accessD. To help improve health care accessHow did Florence Nightingale help bring about community health nursing? (Select all that apply.) a.She convinced socially prominent wealthy women to volunteer to give care. b.She focused on all soldiers and their environment. c.She interacted with each individual person, assessing his or her needs and acting to meet those needs. d.She kept careful records on what was done and what were the results.B. She focused on all soldiers and their environment. D. She kept careful records on what was done and what were the results.A nurse working with Mary Breckinridge would have likely assisted with: (Select all that apply.) a.Establishing the Henry Street Settlement b.Developing health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural populations c.Blazing a nursing trail through the Rockies, providing nursing care to miners and their families d.Ensuring positive outcomes for pregnancies among women in the Appalachian regionB. Developing health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural populations D. Ensuring positive outcomes for pregnancies among women in the Appalachian regionHow did nursing education change in the 1950s? (Select all that apply.) a.Baccalaureate nursing programs typically included public health nursing concepts. b.Diploma schools of nursing continued to expand their student numbers. c.Junior and community colleges began offering nursing programs. d.Nurses were strongly encouraged to have a scientific basis for their practice.A. Baccalaureate nursing programs typically included public health nursing concepts. C. Junior and community colleges began offering nursing programs.How did health care and its delivery change during the 1980s? (Select all that apply.) a.Funding to public health increased as funding for acute hospital care decreased. b.Laws began to be passed that discouraged the use of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. c.Nurse practitioners were increasingly used to provide care. d.Public health programs suffered reduced political support, financing, and effectiveness.b.Laws began to be passed that discouraged the use of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. c.Nurse practitioners were increasingly used to provide care. d.Public health programs suffered reduced political support, financing, and effectiveness.A public health agency is planning to implement the electronic health record. Which of the following is a benefit of this choice? a. Facilitation of interprofessional care b. Improved client compliance with medical regimens c. Cost savings to the agency d. Compliance with JCAHO standardsa. Facilitation of interprofessional careA community health nurse is trying to increase enrollment in SCHIP. Which of the following interventions would be most effective? a. Explaining the program to children enrolled in public school systems b. Handing out SCHIP applications to uninsured children seen in local hospital emergency departments c. Having a newspaper campaign with information and applications printed in the newspaper d. Sending literature about the SCHIP program home with schoolchildren each yearb. Handing out SCHIP applications to uninsured children seen in local hospital emergency departmentsA nurse is explaining the health care system in the United States to a group of physicians visiting from South America. How would the nurse best describe the current health care system? a. "It is a logical, rational approach to meeting expressed needs while still trying to control costs." b. "It is a system in the process of reform as problems have become increasingly apparent." c. "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care." d. "It is the best in the world with outstanding research and high-technology care available to all."c. "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care."Which of the following best describes ideal primary health care? a. Based on a multidisciplinary group of health care providers that work as a team b. Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-management c. Focused on health promotion and disease prevention for everyone enrolled in the health center d. Local efforts to meet the Declaration of Alma Ata principlesb. Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-managementHow does managed care attempt to control costs of care? a. By encouraging families to use the point of service list of individual practice associates b. By requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network and not allowing access to other services without their provider's permission c. By moving Medicaid-eligible families onto state Medicare enrollment d. By refusing permission for families to use urgent care or emergency department servicesb. By requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network and not allowing access to other services without their provider's permissionAn 80-year-old woman comes to the community health care facility with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which statement is the best response by the nurse? a. "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete." b. "You can get these medicines at this clinic for free." c. "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications." d. "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them."c. "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications."A nurse is determining which health care services must be offered at a local public health clinic. Which of the following factors is most important for the nurse to consider? a. Data available from the most recent community assessment b. Suggestions from community members about what is needed c. Recommendations of Healthy People 2020 d. Services mandated by the state governmentd. Services mandated by the state governmentA nurse is planning to conduct research on patient care outcomes. Which of the following agencies would the nurse use as a resource? a. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality b. Federal Agency for Patient Care Outcomes c. National Center for Nursing Research d. U.S. Agency for Patient Care Effectivenessa. Agency for Health Care Research and QualityHow does the Department of Agriculture promote the health of U.S. citizens? a. By collecting surplus food left after mechanical harvests and distributing it to the poor b. By inspecting food, so no foodborne illnesses can occur c. By collaborating with others to provide food or food stamps to needy persons d. By providing direct education and grants to dietitians and nutritionistsc. By collaborating with others to provide food or food stamps to needy personsWhich of the following best describes why local, state, and federal governmental agencies have started to cooperate and collaborate more closely in the last few years? a. Increased administrative pressures to demonstrate outcomes b. Increased focus on emergency preparedness and response c. Increased taxpayers' complaints and general unhappiness d. Increased pressure to decrease overlap in servicesb. Increased focus on emergency preparedness and responseWhich of the following principles has been used by the American Nurses Association (ANA) when encouraging health care reform? a. High-technology interventions to reduce nursing time, effort, and medical errors must be expanded. b. Nurses must be recognized and rewarded for health promotion efforts. c. Nursing research into patient care outcomes must be expanded and funded. d. Universal access to essential health services should be available for all citizens.d. Universal access to essential health services should be available for all citizens.African-American females have a higher mortality rate from breast cancer than White females. This is an example of: a. Projection b. Disparity c. Racism d. A sentinel eventb. DisparityWhat do demographic figures suggest about the ways in which the population of the United States is changing? (Select all that apply.) a. Approximately 12% of the U.S. population was born in a different country. b. Hispanics are the largest minority group population. c. Households consisting primarily of intact families continue to grow. d. Mortality for both genders in all age groups declined.a. Approximately 12% of the U.S. population was born in a different country. b. Hispanics are the largest minority group population. d. Mortality for both genders in all age groups declined.Which of the following statements are accurate descriptions of current social and economic trends in the United States? (Select all that apply.) a. Citizens are appreciating the quality of life enjoyed in the United States. b. Enjoying life is not as important as the need to take care of oneself. c. Many families are seeing decreases in family income. d. Massive and unexpected social and economic changes have occurred.a. Citizens are appreciating the quality of life enjoyed in the United States. c. Many families are seeing decreases in family income. d. Massive and unexpected social and economic changes have occurred.Which of the following provides evidence that the U.S. health care system is in crisis? (Select all that apply.) a. Full-time employees may not have health insurance as a benefit. b. Incompetent or negligent nurses are an ongoing source of medical errors. c. Long work hours and provider fatigue are a major factor in medical errors. d. More punitive measures must be taken to decrease provider errors.a. Full-time employees may not have health insurance as a benefit. c. Long work hours and provider fatigue are a major factor in medical errors.A nurse is working at a state health department. Which of the following duties would most likely be completed in this setting? (Select all that apply.) a. Administering the Medicaid program b. Assessing the health needs of the state's citizens c. Employing and supervising school health nurses d. Establishing and maintaining free clinics for HIV-positive drug abusersa. Administering the Medicaid program b. Assessing the health needs of the state's citizensA population health nurse educator is presenting material regarding environmental health and is focusing on the natural environment. Included in this context would be information about: (Select all that apply.) a. Weather b. Terrain c. Buildings d. Plants e. Parksa. Weather b. Terrain d. PlantsA population health nurse is working with a group of residents in an older part of the city. Because many of them live in older buildings, which environmental hazard is a primary concern? a. Fertilizer run-off b. CO2 levels c. Pesticide levels in the water d. Lead levels in the waterd. Lead levels in the waterA client visits the population health office reporting frequent GI distress and states that even though she has seen numerous physicians, no one has been able to identify a cause of the problem. With an understanding of environmental health, the nurse questions the client regarding: a. Exposure to pesticides b. Exposure to radiation c. The level of noise in the workplace d. Quality of air in their environmentc. The level of noise in the workplaceA population health nurse is working with city planners to implement a variety of environmental health activities at the prevention level. Which activity would be appropriate? a. Making referrals to physicians for chemical exposure testing b. Assisting in the development of a walking trail c. Screening for high levels of lead d. Working with city council members to set up a program for radon screeningb. Assisting in the development of a walking trailWorking in the resolution level of prevention for the betterment of environmental health, the nurse would: a. Lobby at the state level for increased funding for wellness programs b. Set up classes to teach community members how to conduct wellness exercise sessions c. Provide assistance to apartment dwellers to remove lead-based paint from their walls d. Help organize a city-wide campaign for sidewalk improvementc. Provide assistance to apartment dwellers to remove lead-based paint from their wallsA nurse is working with a family to help it adjust to a child's developmental delays following exposure to lead. This would be an example of which level of intervention? a. Promotion b. Prevention c. Resolution d. Restorationd. RestorationA population health nurse has developed an educational program with a local pest exterminator company. One of the objectives is to help consumers identify ways to keep their homes pest-free. This is an example of: a. promotion b. prevention c. resolution d. restorationb. preventionA population health nurse has been asked to join in initiative to reduce the amount of biogenic air pollution in the county where she practices. The nurse expects to focus this work on which sources of air pollution? (Select all that apply.) a. Plant pollen b. Dust c. Wild fires d. Factory smoke stack emissions e. Lawn mower emissionsa. Plant pollen b. Dust c. Wild firesThe health department has issued a code orange air quality report. Which recommendations will the population health nurse make based upon this report? a. All persons should avoid outdoor exertion b. Outdoor exertion should be avoided by people with respiratory conditions c. Only highly sensitive persons need be concerned about outdoor exertion d. Active children should limit outdoor exertiond. Active children should limit outdoor exertionA population health nurse is making an assessment of the overall health of a community. After looking at factors in the community that affect health, the next step would be to: a. Plan interventions b. Evaluate the interventions c. Set goals for the health of the community d. Identify the population age groupsd. Identify the population age groupsWhich of the following best describes most Americans' attitude toward immigrants? a.Ambivalence because there are no clear solutions about how to address their needs b.Strongly negative because immigrants take jobs that native-born Americans could have instead c.Strongly positive because immigrants bring useful job skills and often join previous family members already in the United States d.Strong opposition to further immigration because of the increasing population in the United Statesa. Ambivalence because there are no clear solutions about how to address their needsA nurse is about to despair. Earlier in the week, she carefully taught a patient from a different culture exactly how much medication to take and emphasized the importance of taking the correct amount. However, the patient is back in the hospital today with symptoms of an overdose, although the patient denies taking more than the label indicated. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? a.The patient was taking more mediation in the hope of getting well faster. b.The patient was also taking folk medicines that had many of the same effects and perhaps some of the same ingredients as the prescribed medication. c.The patient truly did not understand and thought the dose being taken was correct. d.The patient had a unique response to the medication and should have a smaller dose ordered.B. The patient was also taking folk medicines that had many of the same effects and perhaps some of the same ingredients as the prescribed medication.A nurse wishes to develop cultural competence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a.Complete a survey of all the various ethnicities represented in the nurse's community. b.Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture. c.Invite a family from another culture to join the nurse for an event. d.Study the beliefs and traditions of persons living in other cultures.B. Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture.A nurse is caring for a client of another culture. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? a.Alter personal nonverbal behaviors to reflect the cultural norms of the client. b.Keep all behaviors culturally neutral to avoid misinterpretation. c.Rely on friendly gestures to communicate caring for the client. d.Avoid any pretense of prejudice by treating the client in the same way as any other client.A. Alter personal nonverbal behaviors to reflect the cultural norms of the client.A male nurse had a habit of sitting with the lower part of one leg resting over the knee of his opposite leg when collecting a client's history. He stopped doing this around Muslim clients after being told that Muslims were offended when he exposed the sole of his foot (shoe) to their face. Which of the following was exhibited by the nurse when he changed his behavior? a.Cultural accommodation b.Cultural imposition c.Cultural repatterning d.Cultural skillD. Cultural skillThe nurse practitioner (NP) discovered that an immigrant client is not taking the penicillin prescribed because his illness is "hot" and he believes that penicillin, a "hot" medicine, will not provide balance. Which of the following terms best describes the action taken by the NP when the client's prescription is changed to a different yet equally effective antibiotic? a.Cultural awareness b.Cultural brokering c.Cultural knowledge d.Cultural skillD. Cultural skillMexican immigrants who take metamizole ("Mexican aspirin") for pain may experience life-threatening agranulocytosis. Which of the following actions would be taken by a nurse who employs cultural repatterning? a.Complete a cultural assessment to identify any other dangerous medications that the client may be taking. b.Put this into perspective by considering that many drugs used in the United States cause agranulocytosis. c.Explain the harmful effects of metamizole and recommend an alternative medication for pain. d.Recognize that taking metamizole is common among persons living in Mexico and accept this as a cultural tradition.C. Explain the harmful effects of metamizole and recommend an alternative medication for pain.A health care worker tells a nurse, "It does no good to try to teach those Medicaid clients about nutrition because they will just eat what they want to no matter how much we teach them." Which of the following is being demonstrated by this statement? a.Cultural imposition b.Ethnocentrism c.Racism d.StereotypingD. StereotypingA nurse states, "The best way to treat a client from another country is to care for them the same way we would want to be cared for. After all, we are all humans with the same wants and needs." What does this statement reflect in relation to culture? a.Awareness b.Blindness c.Knowledge d.PreservationB. BlindnessA family from Mexico comes to the public health department. No one in the family speaks English, and nobody at the health department speaks Spanish. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a.Attempt communication using an English-Spanish phrase book. b.Call the local hospital and arrange a referral. c.Emphatically state, "No hablo Español" (I don't speak Spanish). d.Obtain an interpreter to translate.D. Obtain an interpreter to translate.A nurse who is explaining to a client why it is important to take medication states, "The medication takes a couple of weeks to be effective, but then you should feel better." When the client is next seen, no medication has been purchased. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? a.The nurse emphasized that eventually the client would feel better, but the client needed to feel better immediately so didn't bother with the drug. b.The medication required a trip to the pharmacy, and the client just hadn't had time to obtain the drug yet. c.The medication was too expensive for the client's family. d.The client really hadn't understood why the medication was important.A. The nurse emphasized that eventually the client would feel better, but the client needed to feel better immediately so didn't bother with the drug.A client is crying softly and saying, "What did I do to deserve this punishment, Lord?" Which of the following responses by the nurse would be the most appropriate? a.God doesn't punish people. You're sick just because of bad luck." b."I can call the hospital chaplain to help you talk about these feelings" c."What can I do to be helpful to you right now?" d."Would you like to confess your sins and repent so this illness will go away?"C. "What can I do to be helpful to you right now?"A Buddhist patient enters the hospital for diagnostic testing just before lunch time. The nurse tells the aide to give a meal tray to the new patient, because no tests will be done until later that evening. The aide gives the patient a meal of Salisbury steak, bread, green beans, and potatoes with brown gravy. The patient eats nothing but a slice of bread and the green beans. Which of the following considerations was omitted by the nurse? a.The patient should not be served any food until a physician's order is obtained. b.The patient's Buddhist faith probably requires a vegetarian diet. c.The patient may be too frightened about the tests to want to eat very much. d.The patient may have diabetes or be allergic to some foods.B. The patient's Buddhist faith probably requires a vegetarian diet.At a local hospital, postpartum care policy requires that nurses observe the mother during infant care to assess the mother's ability to care for the new baby and to promote bonding. A new mother expresses concern that in her country, all infant care is provided by other family members so that the mother can rest and recover. Which of the following actions would be taken by a culturally competent nurse? a.Allow family members to provide the newborn's care and assess the mother's knowledge of child care through discussion. b.Reinforce the importance of bonding and that all good mothers gladly assume these responsibilities. c.Explain that the process of postpartum recovery does not require this much rest and require that she provide infant care. d.State that she must abide by hospital policy because documentation of the mother's ability to give the infant care is required for discharge.A. Allow family members to provide the newborn's care and assess the mother's knowledge of child care through discussion.For a bedridden Muslim patient, the nurse rearranges the room and moves the bed so that it faces toward Mecca for the patient's daily prayers. Which of the following is the nurse demonstrating through these actions? a.Accommodation b.Awareness c.Brokering d.ImpositionA. AccommodationA 40-year-old Bosnian, Muslim woman who does not speak English presents to a community health center in obvious pain. She requests a female health care provider. Through physical gestures, the woman indicates that the pain is originating in either the pelvic or genital region. Which of the following interpreters would be the most appropriate in this situation? a.A Bosnian male who is certified as a medical interpreter b.A female from the client's community c.A female who does not know the client d.The client's 20-year-old daughterC. A female who does not know the clientWhen teaching a nutrition class to a student group with a large Hispanic population, the school nurse incorporates foods such as salsa and other healthy dishes familiar to Hispanic students into the presentation. Which of the following best describes the action taken by the nurse? a.Primary prevention b.Secondary prevention c.Tertiary prevention d.Both primary and secondary preventionA. Primary preventionAn undocumented immigrant comes to a physician's office to receive care. Which of the following services can the client receive? (Select all that apply.) a.Treatment for tuberculosis b.Treatment for Type 2 diabetes c.Immunization for polio d.Physical examinationa.Treatment for tuberculosis c.Immunization for polioA nurse recognizes that although a patient speaks English, the patient is from a culture with which the nurse is unfamiliar. Therefore, a cultural assessment should be attempted. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask? (Select all that apply.) a."Can you tell me where your family is from?" b."Do you practice a particular religious faith?" c."Have you ever been in an American hospital before?" d."Is there anything special we need to know about your food preferences?"a."Can you tell me where your family is from?" b."Do you practice a particular religious faith?"A nurse has worked for years in an intensive care unit and decides to take a position as a community health nurse directing a local public health unit. Her first assignment is to perform an assessment of the community's migrant farmworker population. The nurse's most appropriate next step is to: A. Begin the community assessment using a survey tool proven effective in previous public health unit assessments. B. Perform a literature review to study assessment data for similar populations. C. Enroll in a community health nursing graduate course to learn community research, measurement, and analysis techniques. D. Form a relationship with the farmworkers' community leaders and other key informants.C. Enroll in a community health nursing graduate course to learn community research, measurement, and analysis techniques.The new director of a local public health unit reviews the personnel records of the unit staff and notes that none of the assigned public health nurses has academic training in community and public health nursing. The director's next step should be to: A. Recognize that staff members have learned on the job through years of experience and that they will be able to teach their new director basic community and public health principles. B. Make arrangements to hire new staff with appropriate formal training. C. Realize that with the current nursing shortage the unit should be grateful to have long-term staff. D. Review continuing education records to determine if the nurses have received training in community-oriented nursing and ethics, and plan for any needed training.D. Review continuing education records to determine if the nurses have received training in community-oriented nursing and ethics, and plan for any needed training.One step in the ethical decision-making framework is to place an ethical issue within a meaningful context. The rationale for this step is that: A. Multiple factors affect the formulation and justification of ethical issues and dilemmas. B. The nature of ethical issues and dilemmas determine the specific ethical approach used. C. People cannot make sound ethical decisions if they cannot identify ethical issues and dilemmas. D. Professionals cannot avoid choice and action in applied ethics.A. Multiple factors affect the formulation and justification of ethical issues and dilemmas.Caring and the ethic of care are core values of community health nursing. This ethical view was developed in the mid-1980s and early 1990s in response to the technical advances in the health care sciences and the desire of nurses to: A. Apply gender-related voices to moral judgment. B. Apply principles of utilitarianism. C. Differentiate distributive justice from beneficence. D. Differentiate nursing practice from medical practice.D. Differentiate nursing practice from medical practice.A community-oriented nurse understands that the most important use of the principles for effective advocacy is to: A. Act as a friend and advocate for the target population served to promote research and data gathering. B. Act in the community's best interest, in keeping with community direction, while maintaining diligence, ongoing communication, and confidentiality. C. Ensure that public funds are spent only for the priorities stated in the legislation that authorized program funding and promote regulations and legislation. D. Give more priority to the opinions and feelings of key community leaders than to data when determining program priorities.B. Act in the community's best interest, in keeping with community direction, while maintaining diligence, ongoing communication, and confidentiality.Although nursing has a strong implicit heritage of ethical values and morality, it was not until the 1960s that several seminal events significantly shifted the focus to ethical decision-making processes. One of those seminal events was the emergence of the field of bioethics and the other event was: A. Adoption of the American Nurses Association (ANA)'s Code for Professional Nurses. B. Adoption of the American Public Health Association's Public Health Code of Ethics. C. Adoption of the International Council of Nurses' Code of Ethics for Nursing. D. Issuance of the ANA's position statement on nursing education in institutions of higher education.D. Issuance of the ANA's position statement on nursing education in institutions of higher education.Virtue ethics is distinctly different from moral justification via theories or principles because the emphasis of virtue ethics is practical reasoning applied to: A. Character development. B. Consequentialism. C. Distributive justice. D. Egalitarianism.A. Character development.A low-vision client with very early dementia takes pride in her independence. The client, who lives alone in an apartment, tells her nurse she has always enjoyed using fragranced candles. The most appropriate intervention for the nurse is to apply the principle of: A. Autonomy, in which the nurse leaves the matches and candles accessible to the client. B. Beneficence, in which the nurse maintains the client's dignity and reinforces to the client how pleasant it is to use scented candles. C. Nonmaleficence, in which the nurse counsels the client regarding the dangers of the use of candles and matches by someone with low vision. D. Respect for autonomy, in which the nurse recommends to the client an arrangement whereby the caregiver lights the candles when the caregiver is present in the home and removes the matches and candles from the kitchen cabinet.D. Respect for autonomy, in which the nurse recommends to the client an arrangement whereby the caregiver lights the candles when the caregiver is present in the home and removes the matches and candles from the kitchen cabinet.A community-based HIV/AIDS clinic would be concerned about which aspects of the Public Health Code of Ethics? Select all that apply. A. Autonomy of the professional. B. Confidentiality, when possible. C. Funding. D. Advocacy for disenfranchised persons. E. Respect of only community rights.B. Confidentiality, when possible D. Advocacy for disenfranchised personsThe community oriented nurse best exemplifies the application of feminist ethics when the nurse: A. Designs health care programs for the underserved that incorporate social justice, treat men and women with respect and equity, and include community interventions that elevate the status of the underserved in the community. B. Designs health care programs for women that respect their dignity and autonomy. C. Ensures that male providers do not use sexist terms when counseling clients and their spouses and when dealing with female colleagues. D. Participates in political action committees that focus on women's rights and status in the community.A. Designs health care programs for the underserved that incorporate social justice, treat men and women with respect and equity, and include community interventions that elevate the status of the underserved in the community.